Khansara ya m'mimba ndi chifuwa chachikulu chomwe chimachokera ku mapapo a m'mapapo. Sayansi yamakono amayesa njira iliyonse yothetsera khansa yamapapo, komabe, kuchuluka kwa imfa ya matenda lero ndi 85%.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha khansara yamapapo, mwabwino, akuwoneka kuti akusuta. Zikudziwika kuti utsi wa fodya umakhala wochuluka kwambiri wa zinthu zamagazi zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mankhwala m'kati mwa thupi la munthu ndipo zimatsogolera kuoneka ngati chotupa. Palinso chifukwa china cha matendawa - khansa ya m'mapapo ndi zotsatira za moyo wa munthu, zakudya zake, zizoloŵezi ndi zinthu zambiri zozungulira. Chaka ndi chaka m'dziko lathu makosera oposa 65,000 a kansa ya m'mapapo amalembedwa. Kufa kwa matendawa kumabweretsa 15% mwa khansa yonse. Ndipo, ziŵerengero zimati amuna amakhala otengeka ndi khansa ya m'mapapo kuposa akazi.
Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo
Gawo loyamba la khansa ya m'mapapo ikhoza kuchitika popanda zizindikiro. Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, zizindikiro zingakhale zosiyana malingana ndi malo omwe amachokera ku chotupacho - mu bronchus (kansa ya pakatikati ya mapapo) kapena m'matumbo am'mapapo (khansa yapakhungu yamapapo).
Zizindikiro zazikulu za kansa yapakati yamapapo ndi:
- chifuwa chachikulu;
- ululu mu chifuwa panthawi ya kudzoza;
- chisokonezo;
- mpweya wochepa;
- matenda a m'mapapo - bronchitis, chibayo.
Ndi khansa yapakhungu yamapapo, zizindikiro sizipezeka kwa nthawi yaitali. Kawirikawiri, mtundu uwu wamatenda kumayambiriro oyambirira umawonekera pa X-ray yokonzedweratu. Zizindikiro zofunikira ndi khansa ya m'mapapo - chifuwa, kupweteka pachifuwa, malungo, zimawoneka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chotupa chachikulu.
Mu khansa yamapapu, metastases (njira yachiwiri yamatenda) imaonekera mwamsanga. Ndi maonekedwe awo, pali zizindikiro zina za khansa ya m'mapapo - vuto ndi kumeza ndi kulankhula, kupweteka mu ziwalo za chifuwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti chotupa chimayamba kukanikiza ku ziwalo zathanzi zapafupi. Maonekedwe a metastases amatha kupweteka mafupa, khungu la chikasu, chizungulire, kufooka. Ngati mutakumana ndi zizindikiro zili pamwambazi, muyenera kutchula dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.
Kuzindikira khansa ya m'mapapo
Kuzindikira matendawa kumayambiriro kovuta ndi kovuta, chifukwa zofukufuku siziwonetsa chithunzi cha matendawa nthawi zonse. Kumayambiriro, kansa ya m'mapapo nthawi zambiri imalakwitsa chifukwa cha chibayo.
Njira yaikulu yodziwira khansara yamapapo ndi X-ray. Kuphatikiza pa X-ray, khansa yamakono yamapiritsi ya mapapo ndi thandizo la computed tomography, kujambula kwa maginito ndi positron emission tomography.
Pali njira zambiri zothandizira kudziwa matenda - bronchoscopy, morphological test, mediastinoscopy.
Mitundu ya khansa ya m'mapapo
Madokotala amachititsa matendawa malinga ndi kusiyana kwa ziphunzitso zake zamatenda: khansa ya m'mapapo ya maselo, khungu kakang'ono, maselo akuluakulu ndi khansara yokha. Squamous cell carcinoma imadziwika ndi kukula kochepa kwa chotupa komanso kutalika kwa metastases. Khansara yokhayokha, nayenso, imakula pang'onopang'ono, koma imadziwika mofulumira kudzera mwazi wa munthu. Khansara yaikulu yamaselo ndi yaing'ono ya m'mapapo imakhala, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, mofulumira kwambiri. Mitundu iwiriyi ya matendawa ndipangidwe m'maonekedwe oyambirira a metastases.
Masitepe a kansa ya m'mapapo
Kusiyanitsa magawo otsatirawa a khansara yamapapo:
- siteji "0" imadziwika ndi kudzikundikira maselo otupa;
- 1 siteji. Pali chotupa chapafupi mpaka 3 cm mu kukula;
- 2 siteji. Chotupacho sichikhoza kuwonjezeka, koma kukhudzidwa kwa mphutsi kumachitika;
- Gawo 3. Mimba imakula, zimamera m'ziwalo zozungulira.
- pazigawo 4 za khansa yamapapo, chotupacho chingakhale cha kukula kwake ndi kukhalapo kwa metastasis.
Kuchiza kwa khansa ya m'mapapo
Pali njira zingapo zothandizira khansa ya m'mapapo:
- Opaleshoni. Dokotala amachititsa opaleshoni ya khansa yamapapo pa gulu lomwe likukhudzidwa, pamene maselo onse amtundu amachotsedwa. Kuvuta kwa njirayi kumadalira kuti ngati opaleshoniyo sichichotsa osachepera 1% a maselo a khansa, matendawa ayambiranso. Njira yopaleshoni imakhala yogwira mtima kwambiri kumayambiriro koyambirira kwa matendawa, ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ya 4 m'maphunziro awa sichipereka chitsimikizo chokwanira cha zotsatira zake.
- Kuchiza ma ARV. Chithandizo cha kansa ya m'mapapo chimaperekedwa mothandizidwa ndi ma radiation.
Mphamvu ya njirayi ndi yapamwamba, ngakhale kuti zotsatira zambiri zimapezeka. - Chemotherapy. Kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa yamapapo ndi chemotherapy. Chifukwa chaichi, makonzedwe apadera amalowa mu thupi la wodwalayo, lomwe limapangitsa maselo a khansa, ndipo nthawi imodzi, sichivulaza thanzi.
- Palinso njira zochizira matenda a kansa ya m'mapapo. Kupewa ndi kuchiza matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza ndi mkaka osiyanasiyana. Maphikidwe apadera ochizira khansa ya m'mapapo angapezeke pa maulendo operekedwa pa mutu uwu.
Khansara ndi matenda omwe tsiku lililonse amawerengera. Ngati pali chizindikiro chochepa cha matenda, muyenera kupita kuchipatala mwamsanga.