Zokambirana - ndi chiyani ndipo zingatheke?

Ndondomekoyi ndi imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pazochitika za ziweto ndi anthu. Akatswiri amasiyanitsa maganizo osalongosoka ndi ovomerezeka. Kodi amasiyana motani pakati pawo ndipo ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapangidwira?

Kodi chimangokhala chotani?

Akatswiri amanena kuti chikhalidwe cha reflex in psychology ndi reflex, yomwe ndi yapadera kwa munthu payekha. Ikhoza kuwonetseredwa mu moyo wawo wonse ndipo yosasinthika, yomwe siidatengedwe. Maganizo oterowo akhoza kupangidwa pansi pa zikhalidwe zinazake ndipo ngakhale amatha pamene alibe. Pankhaniyi, amatha kukhazikitsidwa pamaziko a anthu osagwirizana nawo komanso kutenga nawo mbali mbali za ubongo. Yankho la Reflex lingadalire pa zomwe zinachitika kale, pazifukwa zina zomwe zimakhala zovuta.

Zizindikiro za zozizwitsa zokhazikika

Kuti mudziwe chomwe munthu ali nacho chiri ndi zovuta sizovuta. Kwa ichi muyenera kudziwa za zizindikiro zake zazikulu:

1. Makhalidwe ololera a malingaliro. Chifukwa cha iwo, khalidwe limakhala makamaka pulasitiki.
2. Zonsezi zimapangidwa kudzera mu mbali zakubongo zapamwamba. Pachifukwa ichi, kusintha kumeneku sikungakhaleko chifukwa cha kusintha kwa maganizo.
3. Maganizo oterewa akhoza kuwuka kapena kutha, ndipo amasiyana ndi osapatsidwa.
4. Chikumbumtima ichi chiri ndi khalidwe la chizindikiro, limene nthawizonse limachenjezedwa ndi kutsogolo ndi onse omwe amtsogolo.

Mitundu ya malingaliro abwino

Pali mndandanda wapaderadera wa makonzedwe abwino. Zigawanika zimagawanika kukhala zozizwitsa, zizindikiro ndi zofunikira za chilengedwe. Choncho malingana ndi zomwe amalandira, zozizwitsa zokhazikika pakati pa anthu zimagawidwa kuti:

• chisamaliro;
• kuyanjana;
• zovomerezeka.

Ndi chizindikiro choyang'anira iwo amagawanika:

• chomera;
• somatotrophic.

Mwachidziwitso cha chilengedwe iwo amatchedwa:

• chakudya;
• chitetezo;
• chiwerewere;
• chiwonetsero;
• wokongola.

Mitundu ya chiletso cha reflexes ya conditioned

Akatswiri a zamaganizo amanena kuti kutetezedwa kwa ziwalo zolimbitsa thupi ndizo mitundu yambiri - congenital ndi kupeza. Yoyamba imagawidwa mu subspecies izi:

1. Chiwonongeko cha kunja - chikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha kuyima kwa chikhalidwe chomwe chilipo kale, pamene zochitika zowonongeka.
2. Pambuyo pake - ikhoza kuwoneka pansi pa zizindikiro zamphamvu. Zimadziwika kuti pali malembo ena pakati pa mphamvu ya chikhalidwe chokhazikika ndi mtengo wa yankho, "lamulo la mphamvu". Choncho, chizindikiro cholimba ndi champhamvu kwambiri.

Kupuma kwazing'ono nthawi zambiri kumagawidwa muzigawo zotsatirazi:

1. Kuzimitsa - kungatheke pamene chizindikiro chogwiritsidwa ntchito chikugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndipo sichikulimbikitsidwa. Poyamba, vutoli limakhala lofooka, ndipo patapita kanthawi limatha. Patapita nthawi, amatha kuchira.
2. Kutsekeka kochepetsedwa kungathe kuchitika panthawi ya chigamulo cholimbikitsika kwa mphindi imodzi kapena zitatu poyambira pa kuyambira kwachitidwe cha chizindikiro chovomerezeka. Pakapita nthawi, kutuluka kwa chikhalidwe chokhazikika kumatha kusunthira pa nthawi yokhazikika.
3. Kusiyanasiyana - kungapangidwe pokhapokha kuwonjezeredwa kwa chikoka, chomwe chili pafupi ndi chikhalidwe chimodzi.

Kuposa momwe chikhalidwe chimakhalira chosiyana ndi osagonjetsedwa?

Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya malingaliro:

1. Maganizo ovomerezeka, mosiyana ndi omwe sagonjetsedwa, amatchedwa kuyankhidwa mwa moyo payekha. Zosagwirizana - congenital, zomwe zingalandire.
2. Zosagwirizana - mitundu, ndiko kuti, ndizosiyana ndi oimira mitundu ina. Zovomerezekazo ndizokhaokha.
3. Zosagwirizana ndizokhazikika ndi zokhoza kukhalabe ndi moyo, ndipo zowonjezera - zosakhala zamuyaya komanso zowoneka, zowonjezera ndikutha.
4. Zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa zingapangidwe pa maziko a zosagwirizana ndizo.
5. Ngati zosavomerezekazo zimapangidwa pang'onopang'ono kumagulu a m'munsi, zimakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha ntchito zapamwamba za dongosolo la mitsempha .
6. Maganizo osamvetsetsana amawoneka ngati akutsutsana ndi zovuta zilizonse ndizokhazikitsidwa bwino, ndipo zokhazokha zikhoza kuwoneka pazinthu zilizonse.
7. Zolingalira ndizochitapo kanthu pa zovuta zenizeni, ndi zofunikira - kuzinthu za zokopa.

Kodi ndi zinthu zotani zomwe zikufunikira kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino?

Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kufotokozera kwa conditioned reflex kumachitika pazifukwa zina:

1. Chikhalidwe chabwino cha thupi.
2. Kusasowa kwa mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito yogwira ntchito.
3. Zambiri zachisangalalo cha zosavomerezeka kapena zosagwirizana bwino.
4. Kuthamanga kwa chikhalidwe chotsitsimutsa.

Kodi mungatani kuti mukhale ndi maganizo abwino?

Aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi ndi momwe angakhazikitsire maganizo oyenera ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti kulingalira kotereku kumapangidwa palokha pokhapokha pali zinthu zofunika komanso zosamvetsetseka. Mwachitsanzo:

1. Mu chipinda cholowera kwa zaka zambiri kuwombera kunali kumanja. Pambuyo pokonzanso, anasunthira kumanzere kwa khomo, koma munthuyo akufuna kufufuza njirayo kwa nthawi yayitali - izi ndizo zonse zomwe zimakhazikika.
2. Kuyendetsa galimoto kumachokera ku zokhazikika. Chilichonse, kusinthana, kusinthana kwa magetsi, kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi - malingaliro opindulitsa omwe amapezeka panthawi zina. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito bwino ndi kosasinthika pa nkhaniyi kumatchedwa kuyendetsa galimoto.
3. Kufupikitsa nthawi pakati pa phokoso lochokera pistol yoyamba ndi kuyamba kwa kayendetsedwe kake, kuyamba kofulumira komanso kotheka bwino, zomwe, mwachitsanzo, zimathandiza kwambiri mu sprint, kotero kuyamba kwa kuwombera kumaphunzitsidwa pokhapokha kukhazikitsa chikhalidwe chokhazikika.

Nchifukwa chiyani chikhalidwe chingawonongeke ndi nthawi?

Zimadziwika kuti zokhazokha zimakhala zowonongeka pamene zovuta zowonongeka sizingathe kuyanjana ndi zokopa zosadziwika. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati chotsitsimutsa chikhoza kukhala chodziimira, popanda chopanda chilolezo, ndiye kuti vutoli limatha. Zomwe zimapangidwira bwino zimapezeka, koma sizimangobereka, choncho sizikhoza kudziphatika zokha, komanso zimazimitsa.