Mukhoza kuphunzira za mzimayi kuchokera m'mabuku osiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri mauthengawa amadziwika bwino komanso odziwika bwino. Tikukuwonetsani kuti muyang'ane dziko la minofu kuchokera kumbali yatsopano ndikuphunziranso zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa.
Kale, asanaikidwe mtembo, adamumitsa, chifukwa am'mimba ambiri omwe adapulumuka kufikira lero, kupereka mwayi kwa asayansi kuphunzira mbiri yofunikira yambiri. Tikukufotokozerani zodabwitsa zina za mzimayi zomwe anthu ambiri sadziwa.
1. Simukupezeka mummification
Ndi kulakwitsa kukhulupirira kuti ku Aigupto wakale kokha ana aamuna aamuna okhawo amamwalira. Ndipotu, aliyense amene anali ndi ndalama angathe kupanga njirayi. Mtengo wamtengo wapatali wokometsa ndi chifukwa chakuti njirayi inali yaitali komanso yambiri yomwe inkachitidwa ndi anthu osiyanasiyana: Thupi linayidwa mwachindunji, ziwalo za mkati zinachotsedwa, kukonzedwa ndi mafuta apadera komanso atakulungidwa ndi zingwe.
2. Thupi lapadera la thumba lagona
Okaona malo sangathe kulingalira zoyenda zawo popanda zikwama zagona, zomwe zimapangidwira kuti m'lifupi kuchoka kumwamba ndi zazikulu kuposa zochokera pansipa. Chifukwa chake, munthu wamkati mkati amakhala ngati mayi. Fomuyo inasankhidwa osati chifukwa chakuti wopanga adalimbikitsidwa ndi mimba pamene amapanga matumba ogona.
3. Mayi kujambula
Ku England, nthawi ina maofesi a m'mimba anali otchuka kwambiri, otsalira ake omwe anali osayenera, kotero anagulitsidwa chifukwa cha ndalama. Ambiri ogula, osamvetsetsa, anali opanga utoto. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti mabwinja a matupi akale anaphwanya mthunzi wobiriwira wobiriwira, wotchuka ndi ojambula. Zojambula za m'mmies zinali zovomerezeka mpaka 1960, ndipo zinasiya kutero osati chifukwa cha mawonekedwe abwino, koma chifukwa opanga anangokhala ndi mimba.
4. Woyamba kuti amwetse anthu ku South America
Ambiri amadziphatikiza ndi Igupto, koma kwenikweni, thupi loyamba lopaka thupi la Chinchorro ku South America. Chifukwa cha zomwe akatswiri ofukula zakafukufuku amakono amapeza, zinatsimikiziridwa kuti mayi akale kwambiri anaikidwa m'manda pafupi zaka zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo, ndipo izi ndizowirikiza kawiri monga momwe amapezeka mzimayi a ku Egypt.
5. Amayi osati anthu okha
Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale anapeza nyama zowakidwa popaka nyama, mbalame, njoka, amphaka, akavalo, anyani, mikango komanso mavu.
6. Mayi osakhalitsa
Ponseponse ku Ulaya, amapezeka m'mimba ambiri omwe achita mwangozi, ndipo apa tikukamba za matupi. Anthu adalowa mumsasa mwangozi kapena anali chilango. Mu chikhalidwe choterocho, thupi lidapangidwira mwachibadwa, popeza pali mankhwala ambirimbiri ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa thupi kukhala bwino.
7. Thupi lokha
Chifukwa cha njira zamakono zamakono, asayansi atsimikiza kuti chiwalo chokha chimene Aigupto akale anasiya mkati mwa mimba ndi mtima. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti iwo amakhulupirira kuti thupi ili ndilo likulu la nzeru ndi malingaliro, omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri m'moyo wam'tsogolo.
8. Mayi wa Mulungu
Malingana ndi nthano za Aigupto wakale, mayi woyamba m'mbiri yakale anali mulungu Osiris, koma asayansi sanapezebe mabwinja ake. Mwa njirayi, pambuyo pa kuikidwa mmanda kwa Osiris, maimmy ena anali atakulungidwa mu nsalu imene mulungu uyu anawonekera. Izi zinachitika kuti atsimikizire kuti anali wokonda kuchereza alendo kudziko lamdima.
9. Mummy a Frankenstein
Asayansi mu 2001 pafupi ndi mabombe a Scotland adapezedwa amayi ambiri, omwe ali ndi zaka 3,000. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti amapangidwa ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Chifukwa cha chisankho ichi sichidziwikiratu, koma akukhulupirira kuti matupi adayamba kuikidwa m'madzi, ndipo patapita zaka 300-600 iwo anaikidwa mmanda ndipo, mwachiwonekere, ndi mfundo ya "zoopsa".
10. Woyamba analemba za mammayi a Herodotus
Munthu amene analemba koyamba mwatsatanetsatane za momwe kumayidyitsira magazi kumachitika ndi wolemba mbiri wachigiriki Herodotus. Zitachitika atapita ku Egypt kuzungulira 450 BC.
11. Khalani mummy
Amonke a ku Japan a Shingon anayamba kukonzekera kuchitidwa magazi mkati mwa moyo wawo wonse. Cholinga chazochita ndi kulowa mu kusinkhasinkha kwakukulu ndi kosatha. Kwa zaka 800, olemekezeka angapo apeza zotsatira zina mu nkhaniyi. Choyamba iwo anali kuchitapo kanthu kuyeretsa thupi ndi mzimu, ndipo anafunsa abwenzi kuti awaike m'matope ang'onoang'ono ndi chubu yomwe inkaonekera pamwamba ndi kupereka mpweya wabwino. Chotsatira chake, iwo anafa opanda mantha, koma ndi njala. M'zaka mazana ambiri, mandawo amayenera kutsegulidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti njira yotsitsimula imapindula.
12. zosangalatsa zodabwitsa
Zikuoneka kuti, mu nthawi ya Victori, anthu anali atasokonezeka kwambiri ndikuyang'ana zosangalatsa zachilendo, mwachitsanzo, zinali zotchuka pa nthawi imeneyo kugula m'mimba m'mapakati osiyanasiyana ndipo alendo anawonekera mwachidwi. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi imeneyo mummies anali chigawo chachikulu cha mankhwala ambiri, ndipo madokotala ambiri adatsimikizira odwala omwe amachiritsidwa.
13. Kufuula mummies
Pakafukufuku, asayansi adadziŵa kuti ena am'mimba anaikidwa m'manda ndi pakamwa pawo. Choncho nthano inayamba kufalikira pakati pa anthu kuti maimmy anaikidwa m'manda ndipo anthu anafa ndi ululu. Ndipotu, pakumeta thupi, pakamwa pake panatseguka mwachindunji kusonyeza kupuma mu moyo watha.
14. Chilango chachinyengo
Pali nthano ya Aiguputo, momwe manda onse anatembereredwa, ndipo chilangocho chidzagwera ndi anthu omwe amasokoneza mtendere wa akufa. Pali umboni wochuluka wosonyeza kuti akatswiri ena ofukula zinthu zakale anadwala kwambiri atagula, ndipo iwo anaphatikizidwa ndi kulephera. Pali zoona komanso imfa zomwe zinachitika panthawi yovuta. Nthano iyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafilimu ambiri a mbiri yakale.
15. Kuthamanga kwambiri
Pofufuza mimbayi, asayansi amapanga miyeso ndipo adatsimikiza kuti pamtunda kulemera kwa mabanki onse ndi kutsekedwa kwa mmmy kunali pafupi makilogalamu 2.5.
16. Kutentha kwa mzimayi
Mfumu ya England Charles II anali wotsimikiza kuti fumbi lomwe limaphimba mayi, liri ndi chinsinsi cha umoyo. Iye anali ndi angapo am'mimba mwake, kuchokera komwe adatolera fumbi ndikukaka mu khungu lake. Zimamveka, kuziyika mofatsa, zoopsa.
17. Masks olemera
Maonekedwe a amitundu ambiri a apharao anali odzaza ndi golide, omwe asayansi anapeza zamatsenga. Pali njira yomwe iwo anathandizira kulowa m'dziko lina. Chosangalatsa ndicho chigoba cha Tutankhamun, chomwe chinapangidwa ndi golide wangwiro. Ngati akadakonzedwa kuti adzigulitse, mtengo wake udzakhala pafupifupi $ 13 miliyoni.