Kodi mungasamalire mphesa bwanji kugwa?

Chochita ndi mphesa m'dzinja - ndilo funso, losangalatsa, mosakayika, aliyense wavotcher wothandizira. Kuti timvetse momwe tingasamalirire kugwa kwa mphesa, malangizo athu athandizidwe.

Mphesa kusamalira m'dzinja

1. Mu September, kuthirira kuyenera kuyimitsidwa. Izi zidzalola mpesa kuphuka mofulumira ndikuwonjezera ubwino wa magulu. 10-14 masiku asanafike kucha, ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba omwe amachititsa kuti mitsinje iwonongeke. Koma pofuna kusokoneza chakudya, masamba oposa 5 sangathe kuchotsedwa ku gulu lililonse.
2. Ngati nthawi yokolola isanakwane, nyengo isintha kwambiri ndipo palibiretu kuti mphesa zonse sizidzatha, zina zimachotsedwa. Izi zidzatenga gawo limodzi la mbeu.
3. Kudulira mphesa m'dzinja ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu zomwe zikukhudzana ndi kusamalira zomera. Amadulidwa kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October ndi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa November ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala pamodzi ndi malo ogona m'nyengo yozizira. Kudulira mphesa kumayendera zolinga zingapo: choyamba, kukula kwa mpesa ndi kukolola kwa mbewu zimayendetsedwa; kachiwiri, mphesa zowonongeka zimakhala zovuta kuziphimba m'nyengo yozizira. Mlimi, yemwe amapanga masitepe oyambirira okha mu viticulture, ndi bwino kutchera mphesa molingana ndi dongosolo la Guyot. Pambuyo podziwa bwino mbali zonse za dongosolo lopangidwira, munthu akhoza kupita ku zina, zovuta kwambiri.
4. Kukolola mphesa, pita kumalo ake osungira m'nyengo yozizira . Njira yosavuta komanso yakale kwambiri yopulumutsa mpesa kuchokera kuzizira ndi kudzaza ndi dziko lapansi. Njira yodalirika yopulumuka ndi mphesa, motetezedwa m'nyengo yozizira mothandizidwa ndi "kukwera kwa mpweya", pamene chomera chobzala pansi chimakhala chotetezedwa ku nyengo yomwe ikuwombera ndi matabwa, udzu ndi dothi. Mphesa zokololedwa zimamangidwa m'mitolo ndipo zimayikidwa pamtunda wa trellises. Nthaka pansi pa mphesa imadulidwa ndi wosanjikiza (10-15 cm) wosanjikiza wa masamba kapena humus.
5. M'dzinja, wolima mphesa ali ndi ntchito ina yofunikira - kukonza mphesa ku matenda ndi tizirombo. Pogwiritsa ntchito munda wa mpesa mpaka masika, wolima munda amatha kudzipangira yekha ulesi ndi zokolola, chifukwa matendawa amatha kubisala bwino pamodzi ndi mphesa zotetezedwa, ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengo adzapitiriza kuvulaza. Mphesa zingakhudzidwe ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a tizilombo, mabakiteriya ndi fungal, koma nthawi zambiri pali mildew, imvi ndi yoyera zowola, oidium. Pewani iwo amathandiza kupopera mphesa kugwa ndi fungicides kapena njira ya mkuwa sulphate. Musanayambe kupopera mbewu, chotsani masamba owonongeka ndi mbali za mpesa, zomwe ziyenera kutenthedwa.
6. Kuyika maziko a mphesa zabwino m'chaka chotsatira kungatheke ndi chithandizo choyenera kudya. Kodi kudyetsa mphesa mu kugwa? M'masiku oyambirira a mwezi wa September, m'pofunikira kupanga maonekedwe apamwamba a mphesa. Mu khalidwe lake amayamba kutulutsa madzi a superphosphate ndi potaziyamu mchere pa mlingo wa 20 ndi 10 g / m². Pazitsulo izi, mukhoza kuwonjezera chimodzi mwazigawozi: boron asidi (2.5 magalamu), manganese sulfate (2.5 magalamu), nthaka ya sulfate (2 magalamu), ammonium molybdate (5 magalamu). Mukhoza kupanga feteleza onse mu mawonekedwe owuma ndi m'madzi (40 malita a madzi pa 1 m2 ya mpesa). M'dzinja kukumba kwa nthaka m'munda wamphesa mungapange organic feteleza (zitosi mbalame, manyowa, kompositi). Musachite izi kamodzi pa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Ndi periodicity yomweyo kumapeto kwa autumn, asanakhale pogona m'nyengo yozizira, mphesa zimadyetsedwa ndi potashi ndi phosphorous feteleza (25 gm ya potassium sulfate ndi superphosphate pa 1 mamita a mpesa). Dyetsani bwino mphesa monga izi: pamtunda wa masentimita 50 mpaka 80 kuchokera ku chitsamba kukumba dzenje kapena ngalande 50 cm yakuya, kupanga feteleza ndi kukumba mmenemo.