Aliyense yemwe nthawi ina amakula maubereji m'munda wake amadziwa momwe zomerazi zingakhalire zosagonjetsa ngati zikhalidwe za kukula sizikugwirizana. Nkhani yaikulu yokhudzana ndi kulima chikhalidwe ichi cha banja la Solanaceae ndi chifukwa chake masamba pa mbande ya biringanya ndi zomera zazikulu zimatembenuka chikasu.
Masamba amatembenukira chikasu pa biringanya, monga nthawi yomwe mbeu siidabzalidwe pamtunda, komanso pa fruiting. Ndipo chikasu ichi chimasokoneza mwamsanga mbewuyi, chifukwa pambuyo pa chikasu, tsamba limatha ndi kugwa, kenako mbewu yonse idzafa.
Mukawona kuti masambawo akutembenukira chikasu pa mbande za eggplants, izi zikutanthauza kusowa kwa zakudya m'nthaka. Ndipotu, biringanya ndi chomera chofunika kwambiri potsata zinthu, ndipo mwamsanga pamene pali vuto, zomera zimangoyamba ndi chikasu cha masamba.
Njira zothandizira
Pofuna kuteteza vuto ili ndi mbande, ndikofunika kusankha nthaka yoyenera kubzala mbewu. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zolimbitsa thupi komanso kukhala olemera mu nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu. Maselo osakanikirana ndi alangizi a padziko lapansi sakuyenerera, monga munda wamaluwa wamba. Ngakhale cholakwika kwambiri chodzala mbewu za biringanya chingakhale choyambira chokhala ndi mapeyala apamwamba. Koma ngati simungathe kupeza nthaka yowonongeka bwino, ndiye kuti dziko lapansi lochokera ku mphutsi limakhala lopindulitsa kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, monga kale adadziwika, ichi ndi chiyambi chachikulu cha mbewu iliyonse.
Atubergines atabzalidwa pamtunda, patatha masabata angapo amafunika kuwonjezeredwa ndi feteleza ophatikizapo feteleza. Manyowawa ayenera kuchitidwa kangapo pa nyengo, kuti athetse kutenga mankhwalawa. Mavitrogeni othandizira ayenera kupatsidwanso ndi kuvala pamwamba ndi potaziyamu, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri zomera zonse ndipo zimayambitsa chikasu cha masamba.
Mwamwayi, palinso vuto limene chikasu cha masamba, makamaka m'munsi mwake, ndi belu yoyamba ya matenda aakulu monga fusarium. Monga momwe zimakhalira chikasu cha masamba a mbande, kuyamba kwa matendawa ndi chimodzimodzi - masamba apansi amakhala otumbululuka wobiriwira, kenako amatembenukira chikasu, kufota ndi kugwa. Pambuyo pa tsamba, nthambi yonse imawombera. Matendawa amakhudza mitsempha ya zomera.
Fusarium wilt ndi matenda a fungal omwe amalowa kudutsa mu nthaka yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka ku mizu ya chomera. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mbeu zomwe zili ndi matendawa. Ndiye chomera chikukula kale, ndipo monga lamulo, pachiyambi cha fruiting, imamwalira.
Kumalimbikitsa chitukuko cha Fusarium komanso nyengo: ngati pali nyengo yozizira ndi kutentha kwa mpweya kuposa madigiri 28, izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale bwino kwambiri pakukula kwa fungal spores.
Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda aliwonse a fungalani asanayambe kufesa mbewu, ayenera kuyankhidwa mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate ndikufesa mu nthaka yosungunuka. Pamene zomera zibzalidwa yotseguka pansi,
Pofuna kubzala majeremusi, malo pa malo ayenera kusankhidwa dzuwa popanda kuthekera kwa madzi. Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, komwe kumachitika nthawi zonse, muyenera kumasula pansi, chifukwa kupanda oxygen n'kovulaza mizu. M'pofunikanso kutsatizana ndi kusinthasintha kwa mbeu osati kubzala biringanya pambuyo pa nightshade, kusintha malowa pachaka. Pofuna kupewa matendawa, Trichodermine imawonjezeredwa ku chitsime chilichonse, ndipo ngati matenda amapezeka, chomeracho chimachotsedwa, ndipo otsalawo amathiridwa ndi Falcon.