Kusiyanitsa kwa kugonana nthawizonse kwakhala ngati chinthu chamanyazi, chotsutsidwa ndi anthu ndi zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Kuchokera kosavulaza, kubweretsa nkhawa zambiri kwa munthu yemweyo amene akuvutika ndi kuvulaza, koipa ndi kovulaza ena. Anthu omwe ali ndi zilakolako za kugonana nthawi zonse ankakopeka ndikusokoneza anthu.
Psychology ya zolakwika za kugonana
Zolakwika za kugonana kapena zolemba zapadera zinayamba kuwerengedwa m'zaka za m'ma XIX. yemwe anayambitsa zachiwerewere ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo a ku Austria, R. Kraft-Ebing, pa ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri yakuti "Kugonana maganizo" akulongosola zadzidzidzi panthawiyo komanso zolakwika zachiwerewere zachilendo. Katswiri wina wodziwika bwino wa matenda a maganizo, dzina lake Z. Freud, pophunzira za psychology za zolakwika za kugonana , adalenga magawo a chitukuko cha libido za munthu, kupyola muzigawo izi, pazifukwa zina umunthu wa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana amamangika (kukonza) ndikukula zolakwika za kugonana.
Gawo la Libidinal la chitukuko cha malo olakwika malinga ndi Z. Freud:
- pakamwa (kuyambira kubadwa mpaka zaka ziwiri) kuyamwa pamatenda a amayi kumabweretsa chisangalalo ku mkwiyo wa zovomerezeka zamlomo;
- anal (kuyambira zaka 1 mpaka 3) - kuchotsedwa kwa m'mimba ndi chikhodzodzo kumalimbikitsa chitukuko cha anal erogenous zone;
- phallic (zaka 3-5) - kudziimira kwa amuna;
- (5 - 12 zaka) - socialization;
- chiwerewere (zaka 12-18) - chidwi ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Zifukwa za zolakwika zogonana
Chifukwa chake pali mapangidwe a izi kapena zowonongeka, m'njira zambiri zimakhalabe zinsinsi, makamaka zimakhudza zowopsya, monga necrophilia - kukhumba mitembo. Kaya zolakwika zogonana zimafalikira ndi cholowa, kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa majeremusi am'menemo akhala akutsutsana, kufikira atapangitsidwa mapulogalamu apakati a mayi, omwe amachititsa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Zolakwika zina zonse zimaonedwa kuti zinapezedwa.
Zifukwa zambiri zokhudzana ndi kugonana:
- mimba yayikulu;
- kusokonezeka pakubeleka;
- matenda opatsirana (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism);
- kusokoneza kwa kusakaniza kwa mahomoni;
- kuledzeretsa ndi zinthu zonyansa;
- matenda;
- nkhanza za makolo.
Mitundu ya zolakwika za kugonana
Pali zigawo zosiyana zokhudzana ndi kugonana, nthawi zonse zowonjezeredwa ndi zatsopano. Mu ICD-10, mitundu yotsutsanayi ikufotokozedwa:
- chiwonetsero - chisangalalo cha kusonyeza thupi lamaliseche kwa alendo;
- Kusokoneza chifuwa - kusakaniza munthu wina, popanda kudziwa kwake pofuna kupeza chisangalalo chogonana;
- gerontophilia - kukopa kwa okalamba;
- coprophilia ndi chilakolako cha zinyansi;
- zoophilia (kugonana) - kukopa nyama;
- fetishism ndi chinthu chovala, chinthu chomwe chimatanthauza kugonana chimakhala chinthu chosangalatsa;
- kukhumudwitsa - kuchititsa mnzake kuvutika kuti apeze zosangalatsa;
- masochism - kupeza chisangalalo mukamva zowawa ndikuchititsidwa manyazi.
Zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana zikuphatikizapo:
- necrophilia - lamulo la kugonana ndi miyimba, kuchuluka kwa necrosadism ndiko kusakondweretsa ndi kudya ziwalo zoberekera ndi zimbudzi za munthu wakufayo;
- zoosadizm - chilakolako cha kupweteka kuti alandire chisangalalo poyambitsa kuvutika;
- pedophilia - kukopa kwa ana.
Kusiyanitsa kwachiwerewere kosazolowereka:
- Dendrophilia - zokondweretsa kusemphana kwa ziwalo zoberekera za mitengo;
- enemophilia - kutsegula madzi mkati mwa chiberekero kapena kubwezeretsa zimayambitsa chisokonezo;
- merintophilia - munthu yemwe amakumana ndi zokondweretsa kuti asungunuke ngati mzimayi wokhala ndi zotchinga;
- axillism - chisangalalo chimapindula poganizira za mitsempha ya axillary, kutsekemera kwa fungo la thukuta ndi kukangana kwa ziwalo zochepetsera zakugonana;
- Plushfiliya - kukhutira ndi kugonana chifukwa cholankhulana ndi anyamata oseŵera.
Zolakwika za kugonana kwa amayi
Kupotozedwa kwa chiwerewere pakati pa akazi aakazi ali ndi makhalidwe awoawo. Kugonjetsa kugonana kwa amayi:
- Kusakondana - kukopa kwa mkazi kugonana;
- chachikazi masochism - kulandira kupuma kwa chiwerewere pakugwira kapena kugunda;
- nymphomania - kukopa kosayenera kwa amuna;
- autoerotism (matenda a Havelock-Ellis) - kukakamiza kugonana kwa clitoris ndi madzi ambiri, m'mudzi wotsatirayo zimakhala zovuta kupeza chizolowezi chodziwika ndi mwamuna.
Zosachita zachiwerewere mwa amuna
Kulephera kwa amuna kuli kofala kwambiri kusiyana ndi zolakwika za kugonana kwa amayi. Zolakwika za kugonana zomwe zimakhudza kugonana kwakukulu:
- kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndiko kukopa kwa chinthu chogonana, pakati pa madokotala palibe lingaliro lodziwika ngati izi ndizokhazikika kapena ayi;
- Kutengeka kwa chiwerewere - kugonana kwabwino pa kuvala zovala za amai, pamene mwamuna akhoza kugonana ndi amayi;
- Voyeurism - kufufuza pazokambirana za anthu ena, izi zikuphatikizapo kuyang'anira zolaula;
- morphophilia - chikondi cha akazi olemera kwambiri;
- macroginophilia - kukopa kwa amayi a mamita awiri komanso pamwamba pa kukula;
- pygmalionism - kukonda kugonana ndi mafano, zidole.
Zotsatira za zolakwika ndi zopotoza
Kusiyanitsa kugonana kumabweretsa zovuta ndi zovuta mu ubale wa munthu ndi anthu. Zolakwika zambiri, monga pedophilia, necrophilia, sadism (kugwiriridwa ndi kuvulazidwa) ndizolakwa kapena zimapanga chithandizo choyenera cha maganizo. Kawirikawiri, kupotoza kowala kumabweretsa mavuto a maganizo kwa munthuyo mwiniwake, kumamupangitsa kukhala wosokonezeka komanso wosakhoza kupeza zosangalatsa zachiwerewere.
Kodi n'zotheka kuchiza kupotoza?
Ziphuphu zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi zothandiza kuthetsa ngati wodwala akuzindikira kupotoka. Kuchiza kumachokera pa umunthu wa munthu payekha. Njira yodzidzimutsa-khalidwe, hypnotherapy inadziwika bwino. Pazirombo zoopsa, pharmacotherapy imayikidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso odwala.
Mafilimu okhudzana ndi kugonana
Mutu wa zolakwitsa za kugonana wakhala wokondweretsa:
- "Lolita" Adrian Line (1997) - mwinamwake filimu yotchuka kwambiri ponena za zolakwa za kugonana
- "Zithunzi makumi asanu za imvi" Johnson (2015).
- "Mlembi" Steven Sheinberg (2002).
- "Stonewall" (1995) - lingaliro lalikulu la filimuyi - "achiwerewere ndi anthu."
- "Mwezi Wowawa" Roman Polanski (1992) - chikondi ndichisoni kapena masochism?
- "Necromancy" ndi Jörg Butggerait (1987).
- "Chikopa Chosazizwitsa" ndi Gregg Araki (2004) ndi filimu yowonetsa mmene mavuto aunyamata amasinthira miyoyo.