Maningitis amatanthauza kutupa kwa nembidzi za ubongo. Chifukwa cha matendawa chingakhale mavairasi, mabakiteriya ndi bowa, kotero kupweteka kwa matenda kumatha kudziwonetsera nokha m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Momwe mungazindikire matendawa panthawi yoyamba komanso nthawi yopempha chithandizo chamankhwala, tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a meningitis kwa ana
Mosasamala kanthu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zizindikiro za meningitis mu ana ndi zofanana kwambiri. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zowonjezereka, zomwe zikhoza kupezeka mu matenda ena. Matendawa amayamba ndi malungo, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi ndi kupweteka kwa mimba kumatha kufika 39-40 ° C, komwe kumaphatikizidwa ndi kupweteka kwa mutu. Ana amatha kukhala otha msinkhu, kapena, mosiyana, amanyengerera kwambiri. Pamene meningitis ikuwonekera, ululu wa minofu ndi kusanza kwambiri.
Mukhoza kudziwa matenda a meningitis ndi zizindikiro zingapo, monga: maonekedwe a pinki tsiku loyamba la matenda. Mphuno ndi meningitis imafalikira mthupi lonse ndipo imadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa magawo ang'onoang'ono a magazi. Pamene meningitis imakhala ndi mawu ochuluka a misampha ya occipital - mwanayo sangathe kupindika khosi kuti chifuwa chake chifike pamimba. Ndiponso, minofu ya mapeto ikumira. Kuti adziwe chizindikiro ichi, wodwalayo amaikidwa pamsana pake ndipo mwendo wake umapangika pazingwe zolumikiza. Pamene simukuthira mwendo, sikutheka kuti mutsegule mwendo. Kwa ana a chaka choyamba cha moyo, pamakhala chipolopolo chachikulu cha ma fontanel ndi kupukuta mutu.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo timene timakhala ndi zizindikiro zomwezo. Kuzindikira matenda a mitsempha kumafunika kokha ndi dokotala, kutenga matepi a msana.
Viral meningitis kwa ana
Mankhwala amtundu wotere amapezeka kawirikawiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amayamba ndi matenda a enteroviruses (Coxsackie virus ndi ECHO), mobwerezabwereza ndi mavairasi a mumps, herpes, mononucleosis kapena encephalitis. Matendawa amapezeka mwa kukhudzana ndi anthu odwala komanso kumayambitsa kukhetsa kwawo kuchokera pakamwa, mphuno, anus m'mphuno ndi pakamwa. Mavairasi amalowa m'mimba yoyamba ndi m'matumbo, kenako kulowa m'magazi. Malingana ndi madokotala, kukhala ndi munthu wodwala ndi kotetezeka, potsatira mosamala malamulo a ukhondo. Matendawa makamaka amakhudza anthu omwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi chogonjetsa matendawa.
Pakalipano, madokotala atsimikizira mwatsatanetsatane nthano yakuti meningitis ingadwale ndi hypothermia. Komanso, simungathe kupeza meningitis chifukwa chakuti nthawi yozizira simukuyenera kuvala chipewa - matenda amapezeka nthawi zonse m'chipinda chofunda.
Viral meningitis imatchedwanso serous meningitis (aseptic), zizindikiro zomwe ana amafanana ndi kuzizira kwambiri. Matendawa amatha pafupifupi sabata ndipo amatha ngati matenda onse a tizilombo tokha, popanda kupatsidwa chithandizo chapadera.
Bacterial meningitis kwa ana
Mankhwala a bakiteriya (purulent) amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya (ndodo ya chifuwa, pneumococcus, meningococcus). Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapatsirana ndi madontho a m'mlengalenga kudzera m'matumbo a m'mphepete mwa mmero ndi nasopharynx. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tikhoza kukhala pamtundu wa munthu wathanzi ndipo sitikuvulaza chirichonse, koma nthawi zina amachititsa ubongo popanda chifukwa kapena chifukwa cha zinthu zina:
- Kukhalapo kwa matenda a matenda pafupi ndi nembanemba za ubongo - sinusitis, purulent otitis;
- kutukumula kwamphamvu m'thupi, kumene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'magazi - chibayo, zilonda zam'mimba, abscess;
- matenda osokoneza bongo, pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'magulu a ubongo ndi kutuluka kwa magazi;
- zolepheretsa kubadwa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi.
Bacterial meningitis ndi matenda owopsa omwe amafunika kuchipatala mwamsanga. Mpaka pano, mchitidwe waukulu wa prophylaxis motsutsana ndi bakiteriya meningitis ndi katemera.