Pertussis ana - zizindikiro ndi chithandizo pa magawo onse a matendawa

Kuyambira miyezi itatu, ana adapatsidwa DPT kangapo. Chimodzi mwa zigawo zake ndi pertussis microbial maselo (mu zochepa zamtundu). Popanda katemera, mwayi wamwana wopeza mabakiteriyawu ukuwonjezeka kwambiri, monganso kuopsa kokhala ndi mavuto oopsa.

Pertussis - Kodi matendawa ndi chiyani?

Dzina la matendawa limabwera kuchokera ku French "la coqueluche", mawu onomatopoeic omwe amatanthauza tambala kulira kapena kufuula kwa nkhuku. Mu mankhwala, pali tsatanetsatane yeniyeni ya chifuwa chokhwima - matenda oopsa opatsirana opuma, omwe amachititsidwa ndi mabakiteriya enieni. Matendawa amadziwika ndi ndondomeko ya catarral kuphatikizapo zowawa zapasmodic za chifuwa chachikulu.

Osowa chifuwa - Zimayambitsa

Kutupa uku kumayambitsa ndodo ya gram-hasi, yomwe imafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi madontho a m'madzi. Wothandizira chifuwa cha chifuwa ndi briteria ya aerobic Bordetella pertussis. Sizimasiyana mu chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe, kutentha ndi mvula zimakhala zabwino kwambiri pa moyo wake, zomwe zimatanthawuza nyengo yomwe imakhala yotentha (makamaka masika ndi autumn). Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti panthawi yoyenera ana amatha, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha matenda ndi zosavuta kumayambiriro kwa matendawa. Apo ayi, mavuto aakulu akhoza kuchitika.

Pertussis - nthawi yopuma

Pambuyo pocheza kwambiri ndi munthu wodwala, mwanayo sakhala ndi zizindikiro za matenda. Pertussis mwa ana oyambirira amapita mobisa. Mabakiteriya amatha kuponyera timadzi timene timapuma, ndipo pochita ntchito yofunikira amamasula poizoni omwe amachititsa zizindikiro zina. Nthawi yosakaniza ndi ya masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi atatu (9)

Kodi ndi choopsa chotani chifuwa chokhwima?

Popanda chithandizo cham'tsogolo, matenda omwe amadziwika amachititsa mavuto aakulu. Makamaka akhanda, chifuwa chowopsa chimakhala choopsa kwa ana, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo m'maana ndi zovuta kuzipeza ndi kusankha. Pakati pa ana a miyezi yoyamba ya moyo, pali mwayi waukulu wa zotsatira zowononga. Chowopsa ndi chifuwa chokhwima ana:

• chibayo ;
• kuleka kupuma;
• kulumpha;
• wosamva;
• phokoso;
• matenda a khunyu;
• kugwa kwa mapapo kapena lobe yake;
• kugonjetsedwa kwa lilime;
• kusokoneza eardrum;
• emphatic;
• pneumothorax;
• chithandizo;
• paresis wa mitsempha yambiri;
• hernia (inguinal, umbilical);
• bronchiolitis ndi ena.

Zizindikilo Zomwe Zimapweteka Mwana

Chithunzi cha kachipatala mwamsanga mutatha kutenga matenda ndipo nthawi yopuma imakhala palibe. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za chifuwa chowombera zimapezeka pambuyo pa masiku 4-20 kuchokera nthawi ya matenda. Kuwopsa kwawo ndi kuchuluka kwake kumadalira momwe mwanayo aliri komanso momwe ntchito yake imatetezera. Chizindikiro cha chidziwitso chimagwirizana ndi siteji yake.

Nthawi za Pertussis

Pali magawo atatu olimbikitsa a chitukuko cha matendawa. Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo zimadalira nthawi ya kupita patsogolo kwa chifuwa cha ana. Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ndi makolo zimanyalanyazidwa. Choyamba, pertussis ikufanana ndi ARI kapena ARVI. Zotsatira za kutupa kwa matenda opatsirana:

1. Catarrhal (prodromal). Matenda a ana ndi okhutiritsa. Kuwonjezera kutentha kwa thupi, pali malaise, nkhaŵa, kusokonezeka kwagona. Pali chifuwa chouma ndi kutentha kofooka, kumutu kwa mutu.
2. Spasmodic. Zizindikiro zowonjezereka, chithandizo choyenera sichingathandize. Panthawiyi amadziwika ndi chifuwa cha chifuwa. Kutanganidwa kwa mwana kumamva kumverera kummero, mantha, kupanikizika mu chifuwa. Kutenthedwa koopsa kumakhala kolimba kwambiri, kumapuma ndi kupuma komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Panthawi ya kuukiridwa kwa ana, nkhope imatha, mitsempha ya pakhosi imayamba kutupa, mitsempha ya m'maso imawonekera, pali salivation ndi kunyoza, nthawi zina khungu limakhala losalala. Pambuyo pokopa mpweya, kachilombo kakang'ono kooneka bwino kameneka kamakhala kosalala.
3. Kupeza (kuthetsa). Ndi mankhwala oyenera, kuchepa kwa zizindikiro kumachepa pang'onopang'ono. Ana ali ndi zofooka zochepa, koma kufooka, kukwiya ndi kukakamiza kulipo kwa nthawi yaitali. Kutalika kwa gawo ili ndi masabata awiri mpaka 8.

Kokani ndi chifuwa chokhwima

Mphamvu ndi chikhalidwe cha chizindikiro ichi cha matenda zimadalira nthawi yomwe imachitika. Choyamba, chifuwa chowuma choyendayenda chikuyendetsa chifuwa cha ana, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo chakumayambiriro nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa, chifukwa makolo amazindikira kuti mwana ali ndi matenda monga chimfine kapena hypothermia. Pang'onopang'ono, chithunzi cha clinic chimakula. Matenda a chifuwa chotsamwitsa amachititsa chifuwa ndi zotsatirazi:

• zovuta zazifupi zochepa (2-15 miyendo);
• kupezeka kwapadera - mpweya wopumira pamodzi ndi kulira;
• cyanotic nkhope mtundu, puffiness;
• chitukuko cha kutupa;
• kupuma pang'ono kumasiya;
• Kutupa kwa mitsempha ya magazi pamutu, nkhope pamaso;
• Kutuluka kwa nthiwatiwa yotchedwa vitreous sputum kumapeto kwa chiwonongeko;
• chilonda pa thula la lilime;
• mawu osasunthika;
• kusanza.

Kuthamanga ndi chifuwa chofufumitsa

Palibe zizindikiro zodziwika kapena zachinsinsi pakhungu lomwe lafotokozedwa. Ndizovuta kwambiri m'madera ena omwe amadziwika kuti akutsokomola, zizindikiro za mwana nthawi zina zimaphatikizapo kuthamanga kwa magazi. Imeneyi ndi nthenda yochepa ya magazi, yomwe imachokera ku kupweteka kwa capillaries mu epidermal wosanjikiza pamene akukakamira. Pang'onopang'ono amadzikonza okha.

Kuzindikira kwa pertussis

Pali njira zingapo zowonetsera kukula kwa matendawa. Poyamba muyenera kuwona madokotala:

• wothandizira;
• otolaryngologist;
• matenda opatsirana pogonana.

Pambuyo pokambirana ndi anamnesis, akatswiri adzapititsa mwanayo ku labotori kapena maphunziro apadera. Njira yayikulu yodziwiritsira ntchito ndiyo kufufuza chifuwa chotsegula chifuwa kuti athetse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Monga gawo la phunzirolo, smear kuchokera ku pharynx kapena spectorum sputum pamene ndondomeko ya chifuwa imatengedwa. Kufufuza uku kuli kokhazikika m'masabata oyambirira a matenda. Patangotha ​​mwezi umodzi, bacterium Bordetella pertussis sangathe kudzipatula.

Kuwonjezera apo, magazi a pertussis amafufuzidwa m'njira zingapo:

1. Kusanthula kwakukulu. Ndikofunika kuzindikira zizindikiro zapadera za kutupa thupi - matupi apamwamba a leukocyte ndi ma lymphocytes.
2. Kusanthula kwa Immunoenzyme (ELISA). Kuyesera, zomwe zimatsimikizira kapena kutsutsa kupezeka kwa chifuwa.
3. Zomwe zimachitika mwachindunji ndi osadziwika bwino (RPGA ndi RNGA). Ma antibodies kwa odwala causative wa matenda amavumbulutsidwa.
4. Mapuloteni otchedwa polymerase (PCR). Kulima mabakiteriya mu sing'anga chamchere kwa masiku angapo.

Pertussis - mankhwala

Mankhwalawa amafunika kokha ndi mawonekedwe apakati ndi amphamvu a matendawa, kuwuza ana. Chithandizo choyenera cha chifuwa chokhwima mwa ana chikuchitidwa pakhomo ndi ndondomeko zotsatirazi:

1. Akhazikitse mwanayo mpaka atapatsirana.
2. Kuyeretsa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa chipinda cha mwana.
3. Sungani kutentha ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 18-20.
4. Kuthamanga mobwerezabwereza, kutsimikizira mpweya wa mpweya.
5. Zambiri zolimbitsa thupi ndi maganizo.
6. Zakudya zochepa zokhala ndi calorie yokwanira mavitamini ndi mchere. Ndi zofunika kwa chakudya choyera, kuzipereka kokha.
7. Zambiri zakumwa.
8. Kuyenda maola 1-2 1-2 pa tsiku (ngati mwanayo siwopereka kachilombo).

Kodi chifuwa chimakhala chiani?

Ngati matendawa amatha popanda mavuto, palibe zofunikira zomwe zimayenera kutengedwa.

Njira zosavuta kuti athetse chifuwa ndi chifuwa chokhwima

1. Zonjezerani chinyezi mu chipinda.
2. Bweretsani mwanayo mofulumira.
3. Bzalani mwanayo ndikuupangire patsogolo.
4. Bwezerani kumbuyo kuti muthandize kutsuka kwachibwibwi.
5. Ikani cold compress pamphuno.

Ngati pali zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa oxygen, kutaya thupi, muyenera kutchula gulu lachipatala mwamsanga. Akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowonjezereka, momwe angaperekere chifuwa chowombera ana:

• chodziwitsira mpweya wabwino;
• jekeseni wa mavitamini apamwamba B1, B6 ndi C;
• kusamalidwa kwa seduxen.

Mankhwala ndi pertussis

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo angasankhidwe ndikusankhidwa ndi dokotala pokhapokha pokhapokha ngati pali chithandizo cha matenda, kukula kwake. Chithandizo cha pertussis kwa ana omwe ali ndi maantibayotiki amapangidwa kokha m'nthawi ya catarrhal. Pambuyo pake, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadulidwa mosiyana ndi thupi lathu. Agwiritsidwe ntchito:

• Flemoxin ;
• Ampicillin;
• Erythromycin;
• Augmentin;
• Kutchulidwa ;
• Gentamycin ndi ena.

Njira zina zamagetsi, momwe mungaperekerere chifuwa chokweza, fotokozerani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala awa pokhapokha ngati mankhwalawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• antitussives (Kodelak, Sinekod );
• Neuroleptics (Propazine, Aminazine);
• benzodiazepines (tizanidine, baclofen);
• mankhwala a antihistamine (Suprastin, Pipolphen);
• corticosteroid hormones (Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone).

Physiotherapy imathandizanso kuthetseratu chifuwa chokhwimitsa ana, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo zimatsogoleredwa ndi:

• mpweya woipa;
• kusisita kumbuyo ndi chifuwa, zomwe zimapangitsa expectoration;
• mpweya wozizira;
• nebulizer yosakanizidwa.

Kuphimba chifuwa - njira zamakono zochiritsira ana

Njira zonse zochiritsira zimayesetseratu kukonzanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku thupi. Chithandizo chofala cha chifuwa chokwera chimapangitsa zotsatira zotsatirazi:

• kuchotseratu kwapasimenti ya kapepala ka kupuma ndi zingwe;
• kusintha kwa kupuma;
• kuchepetsa zizindikiro za matenda;
• normalization ya kutentha kwa thupi;
• Kukupiza kotupa.

Chifuwa cha mankhwala cha chifuwa cha ana

Zosakaniza :

• Muzu wa elecampane ndi 100 g;
• zipatso za coriander - 100 g;
• zipatso ndi makungwa a chimanga - 100 g;
• Wotchuka wa St. John - 100 g;
• calendula maluwa - 100 g;
• ananyamuka m'chiuno - 100 g;
• masamba a eukalyti - 100 g;
• Peppermint - 100 g;
• madzi otentha - 500 ml.

Kukonzekera, ntchito

1. Sakanizani zosakaniza zonse.
2. Ikani mu thermos 2 tbsp. makapu a kusonkhanitsa.
3. Thirani madzi otentha.
4. Muziumiriza maola 8-10, mukhoza kuchoka usiku.
5. Sungani yankho.
6. Perekani mwanayo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kulowetsedwa kwa galasi 3-4 pa tsiku.

Imwani kuti muwachiritse pertussis

Zosakaniza :

• mkaka - 1 galasi;
• adyo - 5 malonda;
• uchi - 0,5 tsp.

Kukonzekera, ntchito

1. Peel adyo, kudula ana ang'onoang'ono.
2. Wiritsani mkaka kwa mphindi 3-5 (pa moto wochepa).
3. Sungani zakumwa, sungani ndi uchi.
4. Perekani mwanayo gawo lochepa masana.

Msuzi wa masamba kuchokera ku zizindikiro za chifuwa chowombera ana

Zosakaniza :

• masamba a plantain - 1 tbsp. supuni;
• madzi - 1 galasi;
• kupanikizana kwa chitumbuwa - kulawa.

Kukonzekera, ntchito

1. Thirani udzu wophika wouma udzu plantain.
2. Imani maola awiri.
3. Pewani mankhwalawa.
4. Kokoma ndi kupanikizana (mungasankhe).
5. Ana amapereka 1 tbsp. supuni ya mankhwala kwa mphindi 20 asanadye, 4 pa tsiku.

Prophylaxis ya pertussis

Njira yokha yotetezera matenda ndi katemera wabwino. Katemera wotsutsana ndi chifuwa chokwanira ndi DTP . Kuwonjezera pa matendawa, amathandiza kupewa matenda a diphtheria ndi tetanus. Jekeseni yoyamba ikuchitika pa miyezi itatu. Kubwezeretsa kumaphatikizapo njira ziwiri zowonjezereka, kusiyana pakati pa katemera ndi masabata asanu ndi limodzi. Mukhoza kutenga DPT ndi mankhwala ena:

• Tetrakok;
• Infanriks;
• Triazeliuvaks;
• Pentaxim;
• Tetraksim.