Chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda opatsirana omwe ndi ovuta kuchiza. Matendawa ndi osavuta kuteteza, choncho, njira zothandizira komanso zowunikira nthawi yake ndizofunikira kwambiri pakamenyana ndi bacillus. Kodi Diaskintest ndi gawo lotani lomwe limasewera m'zaka zamakono - izi ndi zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi.
Njira zochizira matenda a chifuwa chachikulu
Matenda a Mycobacterium kapena ndodo Koch ndi mabakiteriya akale kwambiri, m'masiku akale matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya amatchedwa "kumwa" kuchokera ku mawu akuti "kufota". Matendawa sanawonongeke: ngakhale osauka kapena olemera. Zikudziwika kuti pakuphunzira za mapiramidi a Aigupto, zochitika za matendawa mwakuya kwambiri zinapezekanso mwa amayi asanu ndi limodzi (10) mwa khumi (10) mwa mafarao. Wokongola wa Koch ndi wolimba kwambiri kumalo akunja. Nthendayi yokha, chifuwa chachikulu chimafalitsidwa ndi madontho a m'mlengalenga pamene akukhathamanga, akudula, kulankhula ndi wodwala ndi mawonekedwe otseguka.
Masiku ano, mycobacterium imasokoneza anthu komanso chaka chilichonse chiwerengero cha matendawa chikuwonjezeka. Mbali yofunikira pakuzindikira koyambirira, yomwe imathandizira kuti chithandizo chitheke bwino, ndicho chidziwitso cha chifuwa chachikulu. Pakadali pano, njira zowunikira izi ndi izi:
- Kuyang'anitsitsa maso, kudziwika kwa madandaulo.
- Mafilimu ( kutuluka kwa magazi ) - amachitiramo maulendo awiri. Njirayi imakulolani kuti muwone ngati mapapu akukhudzidwa kapena ayi.
- Mapulogalamu a pakompyuta - njira yamakono ikuwonetseratu momwe zimakhalira m'mapapo.
- Chikhalidwe cha mabakiteriya chimakhala njira yophunzitsira, koma imatenga nthawi yaitali, kukula kwa mabakiteriya kumayamba pa tsiku la 20 - 60. Kufesa kumathandiza kuzindikira mphamvu ya mabakiteriya ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso odana ndi chifuwa chachikulu, chomwe ndi chofunikira kwambiri pa njira ya chithandizo.
- Maphunziro a magazi ndi mkodzo ndi osaphunzira pang'ono ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi njira zina.
- Zowonjezera mayesero angasonyeze kuchititsa chidwi (kutengeka) kwa thupi ku chifuwa cha mycobacterium, kuphatikizapo:
- Kuyeza kwa tuberculin - kumatchedwa kuti Mantoux ;
- mayesero ovomerezeka Pirke (osagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa);
- kuyesa chifuwa chachikulu cha Diaskintest.
Mantoux kapena Diascintest?
Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha matendawa kwa ana, chaka chilichonse, m'mabungwe akuluakulu a zaumoyo, ogwira ntchito zachipatala amadziwika ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa subcutaneously Tuberculin, yomwe ndi tuberculoprotein - yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ku moto wakupha mycobacteria wa chifuwa ndi chifuwa cha munthu. Mayeso a chifuwa chachikulu - Mantoux reaction, amapita molingana ndi mtundu wotsutsa, kuchititsa kutupa ndi mapangidwe a papules pamalo a utsogoleri.
Diaskintest ndi mawu atsopano pakudziwika kwa chifuwa chachikulu. Ndiyenera kumwa mankhwala otani? Kodi pali kusiyana kapena ubwino wa izi kapena njira yotani? Kuti timvetse izi, tifunikira kulingalira mbali za njira ziwirizi:
- Tuberculin ndi kukonzekera mwachilengedwe komwe kumayambitsa vuto linalake. Mayeso a Mantoux amayankhidwa pambuyo pa maola 72. Zoipa za njirayi ndizochitika mobwerezabwereza, zomwe sizikutanthauza kukhalapo kwa mycobacterium m'thupi. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhalanso ndi vuto.
- Kodi Diaskintest ndi chiyani kusiyana ndi Tuberculin? Ichi ndi mankhwala opangira. Njira yothandizira ndi yofanana ndi Tuberculin, chitsanzocho chimayesedwa pambuyo pa maola 72. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimapezeka pokhapokha ngati matenda a chifuwa chachikulu cha mycobacterium chifuwa cha thupi ndizochitika pokhapokha ngati ali ndi matenda kapena matenda opatsirana, omwe sali odwala matendawa. Kwa ma mybabacteria ena omwe samayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu, sipadzakhalanso kanthu monga edema ndi papules, mosiyana ndi tuberculin.
Zojambulajambula - zokonzekera
Posankha njira yochizira chifuwa chachikulu ndi njira yatsopano, makolo amafunsa mafunso nthawi zonse: kodi mankhwala a Diaskintest ndi chiani, angapangidwe bwanji, angaperekedwe kwa mwana wamng'ono kuti adziwe? Ngati tiyang'anitsitsa Diaskintest, zomwe zikukonzekera pa mlingo wa 0.1 ml ndi izi:
- mapuloteni oyeneranso CFP 10-ESAT6 - 0,2 μg - chinthu chachikulu;
- potaziyamu phosphate monosubstituted;
- sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
- sodium chloride;
- phenol;
- polysorbate 80;
- madzi a jekeseni.
Kodi Diaskintest ndi yotani?
Chiyeso cha Diaskintest kuti chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chidziwike ndi dokotala kuyambira zaka chimodzi. Ndondomekoyi iyenera kukhala namwino wophunzitsidwa bwino kapena odwala matendawa omwe akuloledwa kuyesedwa. Mankhwala a tuberculin amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zidutswa zochepa zazing'ono zopanda oblique. Zofunika! Musanayambe kumwa mankhwala, tsiku lomasulidwa ndi tsiku lomaliza liyenera kuyang'aniridwa.
Njira yothandizira. Wodwala amakhala pansi, ndipo pamwamba pake pamakhala mankhwala a aseptic (70% ethyl mowa), ndiye khungu lakumtunda limatengedwa ndi kufanana ndi pamwamba pake, namwino amakoka 0,1 ml wa mankhwala. Pambuyo pake, mtundu wa papule wonyezimira (7-10 mm) umapangidwa pakhungu. Pambuyo pa diaskintest, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umawonedwa kwa mphindi 10, kuti mutetewe mavuto.
Kodi n'zotheka ku Diaskintest yonyowa?
Mayeso a Diaskintest omwe adalowetsa Mantoux apambana, koma malamulo ali ofanana. Malo ogwiritsira ntchito katemera ayenera kukhala owuma kwa maola 72, kukhudzana ndi madzi kungayambitse matenda ndikupangitsa kuti anthu asamayende bwino. Ngati katemera akadakonyowa, izi ziyenera kuuzidwa kwa dokotala. Ngati pali mankhwala akuluakulu atatha kuyanjana ndi madzi, dokotala akulamula kuti adziwenso kachiwiri kuti apeze zotsatira zodalirika.
Diaskintest - kuyesa zotsatira
Kodi Diaskintest ndi chiyani pofufuza zotsatira zabwino kapena zoipa, ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazidziwitso? Zotsatira za mayesero zimawerengedwa pambuyo pa masiku atatu (maola 72). Dokotala kapena namwino amagwiritsa ntchito wolamulira wowonetsera kuti azindikire gawo lopambukira la ma hyperemia ndi kulowerera, ngati kulikonse. Hyperemia imangoganiziridwa ngati palibe kulowa mkati. Pamene Diaskintest ikuchitidwa, zotsatira zake zimayesedwa malinga ndi zomwe a Ministry of Health akuziika ndipo adalowa mu ndondomeko ya zamankhwala.
Diaskintest ndizolowereka
Diaskintest - chizoloŵezi cha ana kapena chitsimikizo cha ubwino ndi kupezeka kwa mycobacterium yopweteketsa thupi m'thupi ndi kusowa kwachithunzi pambuyo pa matendawa. Ngati patapita maola 72, zotsatira zake sizili bwino, ndiye kuti palibe mankhwala kapena matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda m'thupi.
Zosokoneza Zoipa
Chiyeso cha chifuwa chachikulu pogwiritsira ntchito Diaskintest ndi chodziwitsa kwambiri, kulondola kwake ndi 90%. Ndi mayesero oipa, palibe kulowa mkati ndi malo opangira jekeseni, koma nthawi zina, zotsatira za kutuluka kwa mandimu zikhoza kuwonedwa, ngati kugogoda kwake ndi kukula kwake kosapitirira 2 mm. Kusakayikira (zotsatira zabwino zabodza) - matupiwa sali oyenera, dokotala amapatsidwa zina zowonjezera, kapena kulengeza mobwerezabwereza kwa Diaskintest patapita nthawi.
Zosangalatsa Zosangalatsa
Kukhalapo kwa kachilombo ka bacillus mu thupi kumaonetsa kusintha kwa khungu pa malo opangirako jekeseni: pali chithokomiro chachikulu ndi kulowa mkati. Chosavuta kumvetsa mwa mwana chimayesedwa molingana ndi magawo otsatirawa:
- Kuchita bwino - kulowetsa (papule) wa msinkhu uliwonse;
- zofooka zabwino - papule mpaka 5 mm;
- Mankhwala othandiza - mapulogalamu mpaka 9 mm;
- anafotokozera - 10 - 14 mm;
- hyperergic - kuchokera 15 mm.
Zojambulazo - zotsatira
Thupi laumunthu liri lokha, choncho kunena kuti, sipadzakhalanso zotsatira - sizingatheke. Diaskintest ya mankhwala ndi yotsika kwambiri ndipo siimayambitsa mavuto ena m'thupi, koma ndi:
- kutentha kwake kumadzulo;
- kusokonezeka kwa mankhwala (kutupa kwa nasopharyngeal mucosa, dyspnea, reddening ya sclera ya diso, kuyabwa pa malo opangira jekeseni, kawirikawiri thupi lonse);
- kulemera kwa mutu;
- kwa akuluakulu, kusintha kwapanikizidwe kungachitike;
- Kuchitidwa molakwika ndi njira yowonongeka kwambiri ya Diaskintest, imapezeka ndi munthu wina aliyense amene amachititsa kuti thupi lake likhale ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Physiologically imawonetseredwa kuti ipangidwe mkati mwake kuposa 15 mm, khungu limatentha, zilonda zimapangidwa, zilonda za m'khosi, zotupa zimatha. Kuchita mwadzidzidzi kungakhale chisonyezero cha zomwe zimachitika m'kati mwa thupi, zofunikiratu zosiyana ndizofunika.
Zamatsenga - zosiyana
Mankhwala aliwonse ali ndi zotsutsana ndi Diaskintest ndi zosiyana. Kuzindikira kwa mankhwalawa kumatsutsana pazotsatira zotsatirazi:
- pa nthawi yopatula anthu ku sukulu;
- pambuyo pa matenda osamutsidwa mkati mwa miyezi itatu;
- kufooketsa chitetezo;
- matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo;
- khunyu mu anamnesis;
- ndi kukhudzidwa kwowonjezereka kwa mwana wa Diaskintest mankhwala kapena wamkulu sichikhazikitsidwe;
- Matenda a khungu pamalo opitirira (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis ).
Osavuta kwa anthu akuluakulu
Akuluakulu a chifuwa chachikulu cha Diaskintest amalembedwa pambuyo pa zotsatira zokayikitsa za fluorography, kusanthula bwino ndi zizindikiro zina (chifuwa, kutupa kwa maselo a mitsempha) monga chithandizo chowonjezereka. Potsatira zotsatira zake, kukula kwa papule sikugwira ntchito yovuta, ngati kulipo, kumasonyeza kale kuti kukhudzana ndi mycobacterium ya chifuwa chachikulu cha TB kukuchitika ndipo zamoyo zimakhala pachitetezo cha matendawa kapena posachedwapa kachilomboka.