Mapuloteni mu mkodzo - zomwe zimayambitsa, matenda ndi mankhwala a proteinuria

Mapuloteni ndizo zomangamanga zazikulu m'thupi la munthu. Maselo a puloteni alipo m'thupi linalake, ndipo ngati amachepetsa kapena akuwonjezeka, wina akhoza kunena za kuphwanya ntchito zina za thupi. Pazifukwa ndi zolakwika za chiwonetsero chotere monga mapuloteni mu mkodzo, tiyeni tiyankhule moonjezera.

Mapuloteni mu mkodzo - amatanthauza chiyani?

Pochita kafukufuku wamkulu wamakono, mapuloteni amafufuzidwa kwenikweni, chifukwa ichi ndicho chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri cha matenda. Mitsempha yomwe imapangika mu impso poyeretsa kuchokera ku magazi ikhoza kukhala ndi mapuloteni okhaokha, omwe ndi ofooka kwambiri, omwe ali pamlingo wa mphamvu zotulukira ndi njira zoganizira. Ndimagwiritsidwe ntchito kachitidwe kowonongeka kwa impso, maselo a mapuloteni, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, sangalowe mu mkodzo, kotero chinthu choyamba chimene mapuloteni mumtsinje amatanthawuza kusagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala odzola.

Mapuloteni mumkodzo, omwe chiwerengero chawo sichiposa 0.033 g / l (8 mg / dl) mwa anthu abwinobwino, amayi omwe ali ndi pakati amatha kudziwika ngati 0.14 g / l, omwe amawoneka ngati abwino. Mfundo izi zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera sulfosalicylic acid. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti chithunzi chodalirika sichingaperekedwe ndi mapuloteni m'magulu amodzi, koma ndi mapuloteni tsiku ndi tsiku mu mkodzo, wotsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu yonse ya madzi yomwe imatulutsa impso tsiku limodzi.

Proteinuria - mitundu ndi njira za chitukuko

Mkhalidwe umene mkodzo umawonetsera mapuloteni pamtundu wopitirira kuposa momwe amatchedwa proteinuria. Pankhaniyi, thupi limatayika magawo 150 mg a mapuloteni pa tsiku. Syndrome ya proteinuria ikhoza kukhala yeniyeni (yogwira ntchito) kapena matenda, ndipo nthawi zonse imakhudzana ndi kusagwira ntchito kwa mkodzo.

Ntchito yomanga thupi

Kuwonjezereka kwa kanthawi kochepa m'kati mwa mkodzo, umene umadutsa woipa, nthawi zina umawonedwa ndi anthu abwinobwino pazifukwa zina. Pakadali pano, njira zothandizira pulojekiti zogwira ntchito sizinafotokozedwe bwino, koma akukhulupirira kuti izi zimachokera ku kagwiridwe kake ka feteleza popanda kusintha kwasintha. Pulosiological proteinuria imagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:

1. Orthostatic proteinuria (postural) - amadziwika ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi thupi la asthenic atakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kapena atayenda, ndipo atakhala pamalo apamwamba salipo (kotero, m'mawa amatha mapuloteniwa).
2. Chiwopsezo chimatsimikizika pa nthawi ya malungo, kuphatikizapo kuledzera kwa thupi.
3. Zakudya Zakudya - pambuyo podya chakudya chochuluka, kukhuta ndi mapuloteni.
4. Centrogenic - chifukwa cha kuukira kwadzidzidzi, kukambirana kwa ubongo.
5. Maganizo - ali ndi nkhawa zambiri, osokonezeka maganizo.
6. Kugwira ntchito (proteinuria) kumabwera chifukwa cha kuumirira kwambiri thupi, maphunziro (chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwa kanthawi magazi) impso.

Pathological proteinuria

Mapuloteni okwezeka mu mkodzo akhoza kukhala amphongo ndi extrarenal. Njira zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a impso zimachokera ku njira zosiyanasiyana, malinga ndi zomwe:

1. Glomerular proteinuria - imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa phokoso glomeruli, kuchuluka kwa permeability ya glomerular basal nembanemba (muchuluka kwambiri kuchokera ku magazi mu mkodzo wothira pulasitiki mapuloteni).
2. Tubular proteinuria amayamba chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimapezeka m'matumbo amtunduwu chifukwa cha matenda a anatomical kapena opaleshoni, omwe amatha kubwezeretsa mapuloteni otayika, kapena kuti mapuloteni amasokonezeka ndi epithelium ya tubular.

Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa fyuluta ya glomerular, glomerular proteinuria imagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:

1. Selective proteinuria - imapezeka ndi chotupa chaching'ono (nthawi zambiri chimasinthidwa), chodziwika ndi kulowa mkati mwa mapuloteni okhala ndi thupi lolemera.
2. Non-selective proteinuria - amasonyeza zilonda zopweteka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangidwira m'magazi a glomerular.

Mitundu yotsatilayi yotsatizanayi siyikugwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika mu impso:

1. Proteinuria wafalikira (prerenal), yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha kupanga kwambiri ndi kusonkhanitsa m'magazi a m'magazi a mapuloteni omwe ali otsika kwambiri maselo (myoglobin, hemoglobin).
2. Postrednaya - chifukwa chochotsa mu mkodzo, fyuluta yam'nsalu, ntchentche ndi mapuloteni omwe amatha kupweteka ndi kutupa kwa mkodzo kapena tsamba la chiberekero.

Sungani proteinuria, yomwe imakhalapo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni m'mitsempha popanda kusokoneza ubongo, zizindikiro zina kapena zovuta zina. Odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi vuto la impso patatha zaka zingapo. Kawirikawiri, mapuloteni amamasulidwa pamtunda wosachepera 2 g patsiku.

Proteinuria - magawo

Malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mu mkodzo, pali magawo atatu a proteinuria:

• Kufotokozedwa pang'ono (kosapindulitsa) - 150-500 mg pa tsiku;
• pofotokoza mwachidule - 500-2000 mg pa tsiku;
• owonjezera proteinuria - oposa 2000 mg patsiku.

Mapuloteni m'makina amachititsa

Poganizira chifukwa chake mapuloteni mu mkodzo amapezeka kwa nthawi yayitali, tidzatha kulemba zosiyana zomwe zingatheke kuwonongeka kwa impso komanso matenda ena. Zomwe zimayambitsa mapuloteni mu mkodzo ndi awa:

• chodabwitsa;
• pyelonephritis ;
• matenda a impso a polycystic;
• amyloidosis a impso ;
• chithandizo;
• chifuwa chachikulu cha impso;
• lupus nephritis;
• chowopsa cha tubular necrosis;
• kukana kwapakati kwa kupatsirana kwa impso;
• kupweteka kwa mitsempha yamphongo;
• malingaliro a impso;
• kuvulaza impso.

Zifukwa za matenda osokoneza bongo:

• kupitirizabe kupanikizika;
• Matenda opweteka komanso otupa a machitidwe okhudza zachilengedwe;
• Kuwopsa kwa poizoni;
• shuga ndi shuga m'zinthupidus ;
• matenda oopsa a magazi;
• kuwotcha kwakukulu;
• khansa yamapapo ;
• zotupa zopweteka za m'mimba.

Kulimbana - Proteinuria

Kuchokera mu kafukufuku wotere, monga proteinuria tsiku ndi tsiku, akulimbikitsidwa nthawi zonse kwa odwala matenda osiyanasiyana a impso. Kwa anthu ena onse, kufufuza kumeneku kumaperekedwa ngati kuwonjezeka kwa mapuloteni okhutira kumapezeka pamene mukuyezetsa mkodzo. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupereka zofunikira pa kafukufuku pofuna kupewa zotsatira zosakhulupirika.

Daily proteinuria - momwe mungayesere?

Ngati mukufuna kudziŵa kuti proteinuria tsiku ndi tsiku ili bwanji, momwe mungatengere mkodzo, malamulo otsatirawa athandiza:

1. Patsiku la kusonkhanitsa zinthu zowonongeka, kumwa ndi zakudya zowonjezera ziyenera kudziwika, zosasintha.
2. Chidebe chosonkhanitsa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito wosabala, ndi mphamvu ya malita atatu, osungunuka bwino.
3. Mmawa woyamba gawo la mkodzo sikupita.
4. Mndandanda womaliza wa mkodzo umapangidwa ndendende maola 24 mutangoyamba kumene.
5. Musanayambe kukodza, muyenera kuchapa maonekedwe anu ndi madzi ofunda ndi njira zowononga kwambiri popanda zonunkhira ndikupukutira ndi thaulo la thonje.
6. Kumapeto kwa mkodzo, pafupifupi 100 ml ya zinthu zowonongeka zimaponyedwa mu mtsuko watsopano wosabala kuchokera ku mphamvu yonse ndikuperekera ku labotale mkati mwa maola awiri.

Proteinuria ndi chizolowezi

Amakhulupirira kuti chizoloŵezi cha mapuloteni mu mkodzo wa munthu wamkulu wathanzi, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa patsiku lopumula, ndi pafupifupi 50-100 mg. Kuchulukitsa chiwerengero cha 150 mg / tsiku ndi chifukwa chachikulu cholira phokoso ndikupeza chifukwa cha kupotoka, zomwe zizindikiro zina zogwiritsira ntchito zingathe kulembedwa. Ngati mkota wa phunziroli umapangidwa motsatira zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, mlingo wa malirewo umakhala pa 250 mg / tsiku.

Mapuloteni mu mkodzo - mankhwala

Popeza kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mu mkodzo si matenda odziimira okha, koma chimodzi mwa mawonetseredwe a matenda, ndikofunikira kuchiza matenda omwe amachititsa matenda oterowo. Njira zothandizira zikhoza kukhala zosiyana kwambiri, malinga ndi mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa, matenda okhudzana ndi matenda, zaka. Kawirikawiri pamene matendawa amakula bwino m'thupi, proteinuria imachepa kapena imatha.