Matenda okhudza kupuma ndi kupatsirana ndi madontho a m'mlengalenga kuchokera kwa munthu wina ndi mnzake amasonkhanitsidwa kukhala gulu lokhazikika la SARS, zomwe zizindikiro zake zimasiyana, koma pitirizani pang'onopang'ono. Anakonzedwa ndi nthawi yochepa yophatikizapo. Mawonetseredwe am'chipatala ali ofanana, ngakhale ali ndi kusiyana kosiyana ndipo munthu aliyense amasamutsidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Kodi ARVI ndi chiyani?
Kwa magulu, matenda opatsirana omwe ali a DNA ndi a RNA omwe ali ndi mavitamini, amaphatikizapo matenda oposa 200. Amagwirizanitsa ndi dzina lodziwika bwino: odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana (monga momwe amavomerezera kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV). Izi ndi matenda ofala kwambiri kwa anthu a mibadwo yonse. Ziri zosavuta kutenga kachilomboka, kuwala kumachitika chaka chonse, koma nthawi yoopsa kwambiri ndi yophukira-yozizira.
Mankhwala amachititsa munthu kupuma matenda opatsirana
Matenda opatsirana amachititsa kuti thupi likhale ndi ma prokaryotes: mabakiteriya, chlamydia, mycoplasmas. Powonongeka maselo a epithelium, amayamba kuwawononga. Ambiri mwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ali ndi ribonucleic acid, opanda DNA, ndipo zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti majeremusi apange zilembo zimapezeka mu RNA. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mabanja a mavairasi amachititsa ARVI, matendawa amachititsa mavairasi ngati awa:
- ma rhinoviruses ndi reoviruses (oposa 110);
- Fuluwenza ya mitundu itatu (A-C);
- parainfluenza (4 mitundu);
- adenoviruses (oposa 40);
- RSV (serotypes 2);
- enteroviruses monga Coxsackie , ECHO ndi ena
Kugawidwa kwa matenda opatsirana kwambiri a mavairasi
Ngati simukugwirizana ndi njira zodzipatula, chiwerengero cha ARVI chikhoza kufika 30% kapena kuposa. Kawirikawiri, amaposa matenda ena onse padziko lapansi ndipo ali otheka kwambiri. Matenda amafalitsidwa kudzera mumlengalenga: pamene akukhathamiritsa, akudumpha, kulankhula, kumasula tinthu ting'onoting'ono tampeni ndi ntchentche (mwachitsanzo, pamene akulira). Komanso, kachilomboka kamalowa mu thupi kudzera mmanja, chakudya, zinthu zapanyumba. Mmene chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhalira, chiwopsezo chochepa: ngati matenda amapezeka, munthuyo adzachira mofatsa.
Matenda oopsa opatsirana pogonana - zizindikiro
Kwa akulu ndi ana, zizindikiro za ARVI ndizofanana. Matenda a Catarrhal amayamba ndi pang'ono malungo, thukuta, youma ndi pakhosi , ndi malungo. Zizindikiro zina zowopsa za matenda opatsirana pogonana pachigawo choyamba:
- coryza;
- kupukuta m'maso, misonzi;
- kutsokomola, kunjenjemera;
- chisokonezo chagona;
- mitsempha yowonjezereka;
- kuwonjezereka kwa zipsinjo zosatha;
- kusintha kwa mawu.
Pambuyo pake, chikhalidwe choterechi chimakhala ngati mabala, mapwetekedwe, kupweteka, kupweteka kowonjezeka pammero, ndi zina zotero. Zowonjezera kuti munthu ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi mtundu wake, zizindikiro zimasiyana. Izi ndi zizindikiro monga kuyambira kwa matenda, chitukuko chowonjezereka, zochititsa chidwi zochititsa chidwi (edema, mphuno, chifuwa, etc.). Kuzindikira kuti matendawa amachitidwa ndi dokotala ndipo amapereka chithandizo choyenera cha mankhwala pofuna kuchotsa zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa.
Matenda a Adenovirus - zizindikiro
Nthawi zina matenda opatsirana amakhala ndi fever (kuchokera madigiri 37.5-38), omwe amalumphira mwamphamvu, akudziwitsa za matendawa, ndipo amatha masiku angapo - kuyambira 4 mpaka 10. Choncho adenovirus imadziwonetseratu, zizindikiro zake pambali pa kutentha kwakukulu:
- kusanza kapena kutsekula m'mimba, chifukwa kachilomboka kamakhudza m'mimba;
- edema wa maziso ndi kunyoza;
- conjunctivitis;
- chifuwa - choyamba chouma, kenako chimbudzi, chokhala ndi mimba;
- kusokonezeka kwa minofu;
- kudzikuza kwa toni;
- ululu pakumeza.
Kupuma mankhwala Syncytial Infection - Zizindikiro
Matenda aakulu a chiwombankhanga, chifuwa cha syncytial infection, nthawi zonse chimakhudza kapweya wam'munsi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timachulukanso m'matumbo, choncho amatchedwa dzina lake. Chinthu chachikulu cha PC-matenda ndi chakuti ngati simulandira chithandizo choyenera, ndizotheka kupanga bronchitis kapena chibayo. Pakati pa chitukuko cha matendawa, amadziwonetsera okha. Mtundu uwu wa SARS umasonyezedwa ndi zizindikiro:
- chiwonongeko chokwanira - kutentha kwakukulu pa madigiri ena, osakhalanso 37,5-38;
- chifuwa chouma chosasokonezeka;
- malungo, kusintha kwa mawu;
- mpweya wochokera mu mphuno;
- mphamvu zam'mutu zolimbitsa thupi.
Matenda a Rhinovirus - zizindikiro
Wothandizira matendawa ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kamene sikhala ndi kachilomboka. Imakhala yofooka kwambiri ku zinthu zakunja, koma imachulukira mosavuta kumalo ozizira ozizira, kotero chiwerengero chazomwe chimagwa chimagwa m'nyengo yachisanu, yozizira, kumayambiriro kwa masika. Matenda a Rhinovirus amakhudza mchere wamkati. Madzi amadzimadzi amayamba kugawanika, kenako amawunduka. Zizindikiro ndi izi:
- chills;
- kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa kutentha;
- kupopera;
- Kusokonezeka kwa minofu ndi kupuma kovuta;
- kulalira;
- mapulogalamu.
Kodi kutentha kumakhala kotani kwa ARVI?
Kachilombo kamalowa m'thupi, chitetezo chimayamba. Kutentha kwakukulu kuwonjezera kwa ARVI, kukana matenda, kawirikawiri, madigiri angapo - amasungidwa mkati mwa 37 oC. Koma malungo akhoza kuwonjezeka, zizindikiro zimadumpha kufika 39-40 ° C. Chilichonse chimadalira mphamvu ya chitetezo, zaka za wodwala (kutentha ndi kosavuta kwa ana), mtundu wa kachilombo. Zina mwa matenda a malungo sizimayambitsa. Pamene njira ya matendayi ndi yachilendo, ndi ARVI kutentha kumachitika masiku 2-3. Nthawi zina:
- Pafupifupi masiku asanu ndi chimfine.
- Masiku asanu ndi limodzi ndi adenovirus.
- Mpaka masiku 14 ndi parainfluenza.
Ululu mu ARVI
Matenda opatsirana amachititsa munthu kupuma, koma zizindikiro zimatha kuwonetsa mosiyana, zimayambitsa zokhumudwitsa komanso zopweteka, zomangira. Kawirikawiri amadzimadzi komanso ammutu mu ARVI, chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa magazi komanso kuledzeretsa kwa thupi. Kupweteka kumawonjezereka pambuyo phokoso lopweteka, kupukuta kwa mutu. Ngati matendawa akudutsa mwakachetechete, kugona tulo ndikokwanira kuchotsa zizindikiro zosasangalatsa. Ndi malungo ndi kuledzeretsa kwakukulu, zowonjezereka zowonjezereka zikufunika: kutsuka mphuno, kutentha kozizira, kupaka minofu ya akachisi.
Chochita ndi ARVI?
Matenda opatsirana kwambiri ndi otchuka, koma ndiyomwe muyenera kuyambitsa mankhwala nthawi, kuchotsa zizindikiro zake ndi zotsatira zake, kuti asayambitse mavuto. Lingaliro lodziwika kuti kutentha kulikonse pakokha pakatha mlungu sikulakwika, matendawa angakhudze ziwalo zina. Choncho, kachilombo ka HIV kamayenera kulamulidwa. Poyambitsa chifukwa cha matenda, munthu amathandiza thupi kulimbana nalo. Momwe mungachitire ndi ARVI? Mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti mapuloteni a chitetezo cha m'thupi apange chitetezo cha m'thupi.
Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati ndili ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za ARVI?
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda opatsirana odwala matendawa zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira. Kusokonezeka kwa msana, kupweteka kwa pakhosi, kufooka, malungo ndi zonse zomwe zimasonyeza kuti thupi likulimbana ndi matenda omwe alowa nawo. Maola angapo mutatha kuyanjana ndi kachilomboka mumakhala ndi matenda opatsirana a tizilombo, mankhwala ayenera kuyamba pomwepo. Kulimbana nawo pazigawo zoyamba kudzathandiza njira zoterezi:
- Samalani mphasa. Zamoyo zimasowa mpumulo ndi kutentha kwabwino.
- Mlengalenga mu chipinda ayenera kukhala watsopano komanso wothira. Kuyenda mumsewu kumaloledwa ngati kulibe malungo.
- Kuthetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi - tiyi, madzi ofunda, compotes, zakumwa za zipatso, mkaka.
- Perekani zakudya zabwino zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuchepetsa zakudya zonenepa, zonunkhira.
- Yesetsani kuchepetsa kutentha , osapitirira madigiri 38-38.5.
- Sungunulani ndi kutsuka ndodo yamphongo ndi yankho la furacilin, chamomile kapena mchere.
- Tengani mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - Ergoferon, Kagocel ndi ena.
Matenda opatsirana opatsirana kwambiri - kupewa
Ndisavuta kupewa matendawa kusiyana ndi kuthetsa zotsatira zake. Nkhaniyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pa nthawi ya miyezi yozizira. Kupewa kwa ARVI kumayambira ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha khalidwe. Pofuna kupeŵa matenda, makamaka panthawi zoopsa, muyenera kutsatira zowonongeka, kupewa odwala ndi owonjezera chitetezo chanu komanso kutsutsa matenda. Pamene ana ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa, amakhala ndi zifukwa zotsatirazi (makamaka panthawi ya ziphuphu):
- Pezani kuyankhulana ndi anthu ambiri.
- Musafune kupita ku dziwe ndi kuchipatala popanda kusowa.
- Ngati kukhudzana ndi wodwalayo akuyenera, kuvala chovala chovala, mask.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikumwalira ndipo timakhalabe achangu pamalo otentha, komwe kuli fumbi lambiri. Choncho ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse muzimitsa chipinda, mutadzaza ndi mpweya wabwino, penyani chinyezi, musamatsutse ndikusamba m'manja. Njira izi zothandizira ndizovuta kuposa masayiti a gauze. Thandizo lolimbana ndi mavairasi ndi mafuta ofunikira ofunikira, kupiritsa mankhwala m'thupi, mazira a ultraviolet.
M'nyengo yozizira, matenda opatsirana m'magulu, ma ARV amayamba makamaka kugwira ntchito, zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka ndi aliyense kamodzi. Matendawa amawonetsedwa mufooka, kugonjetsedwa ndi kapumidwe ka thupi, malungo. Sikuti anthu onse amadwala matendawa mosavuta, zovuta zimakhala zotheka, makamaka ngati simunayambe kuziwona mozizira kwambiri za chimfine ndikuyamba kukula kwa matendawo. Chithandizo cha panthaŵi yake ndi cholondola chimatsimikizira zotsatira zofulumira.