M'madera pafupifupi gulu lililonse lerolino pali manager. Mawu ozoloŵera, koma sikuti aliyense akumvetsa yemwe ali ndi manager? Pambuyo pomaliza maphunziro, diploma sikuti nthawi zonse imasonyeza kupepuka kochepa, koma thandizo la katswiri pa ntchito yopanga kampani sizingatheke kuchepetsedwa. Udindo waukulu wa manejala ndi bungwe la ntchito.
Mtsogoleri - ndani uyu?
Otsatira ambiri akusukulu akuganiza kuti yunivesite idzayitanji. Kodi ndi koyenera kuphunzira pa Faculty of Management? Kodi mtsogoleri ndi wotani? Lingaliro la "kasamalidwe" linawonekera mu Chirasha posachedwapa, koma anthu omwe anatha kagulu kena ka antchito anali nthawizonse. Mosasamala kanthu kachitidwe ka kampaniyo, mutuwo uyenera:
- tengani antchito;
- kuphunzitsa antchito pantchito ina;
- kufalitsa ntchito zothandizira;
- Kuwunika chilango ndikuyang'anira ntchito ya timu;
- kukhala woimira kampani pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana za m'munda.
Makhalidwe a manejala
Malo alionse omwe amagwira ntchito amafunikira makhalidwe ena ochokera kwa wokondedwa. Izi zimadalira molingana ndi fano la bwanayo ndi bungwe lonse. Makhalidwe apamwamba omwe manejala ayenera kukhala nawo:
- Luso lophunzira (muyenera kuzindikira mwamsanga ndi kusanthula chidziwitso) ndi chikhumbo cha kuphunzira chidziwitso chatsopano.
- Maganizo osagwirizana (ndikofunikira kuti tithe kuyenda mofulumira ndikusintha mwatsatanetsatane njirayi ndikupeza yankho loyambirira ku vuto lomwe likuchitika, chifukwa mpikisano pamsika ukhoza "kupulumuka" mwachinyengo ndi othandiza).
- Mphamvu yowunika mkhalidwe ndikugawa ntchito zomwe zimayambitsa cholinga.
- Khalani otsimikiza (ngati munthu sangathe kupanga malingaliro ndi "kusokoneza", ntchito yake ya bwanayo idzatha, osayambe).
- Kupsinjika maganizo (munthu amene amakwiya ndi mawu alionse kapena, pang'onopang'ono, amachepetsa manja ake poyamba kulephera, sangathe kutsogolera gulu ndi kampani kuti apambane).
Mameneti ndi ati?
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mameneja:
- ndalama (yodalirika ndalama);
- pa ogwira ntchito (amasankha antchito);
- Mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti yopititsa patsogolo ntchito (akuonetsetsa kuti pulojekiti yatsopano ikuyambira);
- kugula (udindo wa zipangizo zopangira);
- pa malonda (amapereka malonda ndi kukweza katundu ku msika);
- pa kupanga (kuyang'anira kupanga);
- pa malonda (omwe amayang'anira malonda a katundu).
Ndi ndani yemwe ali woyang'anira payekha? Amenewa ndiwo akatswiri omwe amapereka malamulo awo kwa antchito wamba kupyolera mwa mamembala oyambirira. Utsogoleri wapamwamba ndi oyang'anira pamwamba. Iwo ali ndi udindo waukulu kwambiri pa zochitika za firm. Amene akukonzekera maphunziro, ndibwino kumvetsetsa kuti ntchitoyi ikuyamba kukula kwa ntchito, ndipo pang'onopang'ono kupeza maluso a manejala, mukhoza kukwera mtsogoleri.
Woyang'anira Zamalonda
Ntchitoyi imayamba kuyenda bwino, monga woyang'anira chiyanjano ayenera kuyankhulana nthawi zonse ndi anthu a zochitika zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku umunthu wapamwamba kupita kwa antchito a boma. Kuti izi zitheke, anthu a-PR ayenera kukhala osiyana ndi malo ena amtundu ndi kusankha njira yolankhulirana. Udindo waukulu wa woyang'anira malonda ndi awa:
- kuyanjana ndi mauthenga;
- kutenga nawo mbali pamisonkhano ndi semina;
- Kukonzekera kwa ntchito pakupanga malonda othandiza kulengeza katundu ndi ntchito;
- chitukuko cha zolinga za makampani otsatsa malonda ndi chiwerengero cha ndalama zapadera;
- kupanga mapulani;
- kulenga zolemba zamalonda, zolemba;
- mapangidwe a lingaliro la kulengeza, lopangidwa kwa omvetsera omvera;
- Kupititsa patsogolo timabuku, malonda, mgwirizano ndi nyumba zosindikizira;
- kupanga ndi kukweza malo a makampani ndi mabungwe.
Woyang'anira Zamalonda
Ndi ndani yemwe ali woyang'anira malonda ndipo amachita chiyani m'moyo weniweni? Katswiri uyu ali ndi udindo wa malonda ndi malonda a kampaniyo. Pofuna kugulitsa malonda, ayenera kudziwa zomwe wogula amakonda komanso zomwe amakonda. Udindo waukulu wa woyang'anira malonda ndi kusanthula chiwerengero. Deta yolandila imalola kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ya mtengo ndikupanga zoweta zopangira. Popeza phindu likuwonjezeka molingana ndi chiwerengero cha makasitomala atsopano, bwanayo ayenera kudziwa momwe malonda amachitira bungwe.
Woyang'anira zachuma
Kampani iliyonse ili ndi ndalama zambiri ndipo imafunikira katswiri yemwe angayang'ane ndi kuyisamalira. Ntchito ya mtsogoleri wa zachuma ndikutaya ndalama za malonda. Ntchito ya katswiri ndi cholinga chopeza ndi kuwonjezeka nthawi zonse likulu la malonda. Udindo wa ntchito zachuma za kampaniyo umagwera kwathunthu kwa bwana.
Mtsogoleri wa Zamalonda
Katswiri wodziwa kupanga malonda atsopano, kusanthula msika, ndondomeko zogwirizanitsa, mitengo, malonda, kupanga malonda ndi kupanga zofunikira zake zimatchedwa woyang'anira mankhwala. Pogwira ntchito, ayenera kuyankhulana ndi magulu a malonda ndi maluso, malo opangira. Ntchito za wogulitsa katunduyo zimadalira mtundu wa bungwe.
Mtsogoleri wa Project
Kodi mtsogoleri wa polojekiti ndi ndani? Katswiri yemwe amayang'anira ntchito inayake (kupanga, kuika patsogolo, kukonza ntchito, kulamulira, kulankhulana, kuthetsa mavuto mwamsanga) amatchedwa project manager. Ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro a kasitomala panthawi inayake, pogwiritsira ntchito njira zomwe zilipo komanso zothandizira. Ayenera kupanga ndondomeko ya chitukuko, kukonza gulu, kukhazikitsa kulankhulana pakati pa timu ndi wogula, kuthetseratu kusokonezeka konse komwe kumachitika ndikuperekanso maulamuliro panthawi yomwe mwagwirizana.
Mtsogoleri Wogula
Zogula katundu wa zipangizo kuchokera kwa makampani ogulitsa pansi pazifukwa zabwino kwambiri za bungwe ndicho chinthu chachikulu chimene wogulitsa wogula amachita. Makampani ambiri opanga makampani amakonda kukonzekera akatswiri achinyamata, chifukwa amatha kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane zatsopano zogwiritsa ntchito malonda komanso kusintha nthawi yomweyo. Monga lamulo, zosankha zimaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi malingaliro olingalira komanso luso lakulumikizana. Zochitika mu malonda zimalandiridwa.
Woyang'anira Zam'tsogolo
Kodi manewa ndi ndani kuti akonze zochitika zosiyana? M'makampani onse amakono pali otsogolera zochitika zomwe akugwira nawo ntchito pokonzekera zochitika. Mtsogoleri wogwira ntchito angathe kupanga phwando lachigwirizano, bizinesi, kupititsa patsogolo padera pofuna kulimbikitsa mankhwala kapena ntchito. Ntchito yaikulu kwa katswiri ndikulingalira lingaliro loyenera, chifukwa chochitika chirichonse chiri cholinga chokwaniritsira cholinga china.
Crisis manager
Udindo wa mtsogoleri mu bungwe kuti awulule kuvutoli ndi lokwezeka kwambiri. Ena amakhulupirira molakwa kuti akatswiri oterewa amafunika kokha pamene kampani ikupita mofulumira. Mtsogoleri wotsutsana ndi mavuto akufunika kuti athetse vutoli, ndipo bungwe silinayambe kuyenda, koma mwamsanga linasuntha. Makampani ambiri, atakhala ndi nthawi zovuta, amakhala ndi akatswiri oterewa, ena - kuitanitsa akuluakulu a mabungwe apadera kuti ayang'ane ndikukonzekera momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mapulani.
Woyang'anira masewera
M'maseŵera, monga m'madera ena ogwira ntchito, pali akatswiri osiyanasiyana. Sikuti amangoti, makoloji kapena alangizi. Kupikisana kwakukulu kwa msika kunachititsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale ngati mtsogoleri wa masewera. Kukhalapo kwa mapangidwe a mabungwe kumatanthauza kufunikira kwa akatswiri a magulu osiyanasiyana, ndipo aliyense wa iwo amachita zinthu zina. Mphunzitsiyo ali ndi luso loti:
- bungwe la timu;
- kusankhidwa kwa antchito ndi othamanga;
- Kupititsa patsogolo mapulogalamu ndi ndondomeko zamakiti;
- ntchito ndi mafani.
Kodi mungakhale bwanji bwana?
Woyang'anira bwino, choyamba, ayenera kuyankhulana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana. Kudziwa za psychology kudzamuthandiza, chifukwa sikuli kovuta kupeza chinenero chimodzi ndi mlendo. Woyang'anirayo ayenera kumvetsa zomwe zilipo osati zoipa, ngati chidziwitso chimapangidwa. Zinthu zoterezi sizinaphunzitsidwe ndi manejala, koma chidziwitso chomwe chinapangidwa ndi maluso apangidwe chidzakuthandizani kukhala katswiri pa bizinesi yanu. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kukumbukira kuti luso lothandiza limabwera ndi chidziwitso.
Ndikofunika kukhala ndi makhalidwe a utsogoleri ndi chidaliro m'mawu anu ndi zochita zanu. Ngati simukumva ngati mtsogoleri ndi mtsogoleri, izi siziyenera kudziwika ndikumvetsetsani ndi omvera anu. Kuphatikizana kambiri ndi mapulani adzasintha kudzidalira kwanu, ndipo mumakhulupirira nokha . Ndikofunika kukumbukira lamulo limodzi: "Nthawi zonse pitirizani kulamulira maganizo anu ndi mkhalidwe wanu." Pambuyo pake, monga lamulo, mphindi yakuchotsedwa pa ntchito ikubwera.