Munda uliwonse wa ndiwo zamasamba uyenera kukula masamba obiriwira komanso abwino monga beets, kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera pambuyo pake akuchitidwa poganizira malamulo ena. Chomeracho chimakula ngati chaka chimodzi, mizu yamtengo wapatali si yochepa kwa kabichi ndi kaloti. Ichi ndi mbewu yaulimi, yomwe imadziwika m'mayiko ambiri.
Momwe mungalitsire beets musanadzalemo?
Mitengo yapamwamba ya tebulo yofiira imakula kuchokera ku mbewu kapena kupyolera mu mbande. Amasonkhanitsidwa m'magazi, omwe ali mu chipolopolo chofanana, kuchokera pamene mphukira zisanu zimatha. Pofulumira kumera, chipolopolocho chikhoza kuwonongedwa pasadakhale. Njuchi zisanabzalidwe zimagwedezeka kwa tsiku, kotero kuti mphukira imapezeka posachedwa. Kuti tichite izi, kukula kokometsa (mwachitsanzo, epin) kapena kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa kumathandiza. Mbewu zikasambitsidwa ndi madzi ofunda ndikuyika nsalu yonyowa kwa tsiku kapena awiri. Panthawi imeneyi iwo adzaphuka, ndipo kumera padziko lapansi kudzadutsa mofulumira.
Kodi mungabzala bwanji beets kumtunda?
Pofuna kuti mbeu ikhale yolemera beets, kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera kumapangidwa ndi thanzi, lotayirira nthaka pang'ono kapena osalowerera ndale. Otsogolera abwino adzakhala anyezi, tomato, nkhaka, nyemba. Kulima beets sikuchitika m'munda pambuyo kaloti, mbatata kapena kabichi kwa zaka pafupifupi zitatu. Pakuti kasupe kuvulaza kuwonjezera 20-30 g wa sulfuric acid ammonium, 20 g wa ammonium nitrate, 15 g wa potaziyamu kloride kuphatikiza 30-40 g wa superphosphate pa 1 m 2 . Kuonjezera kubereka kwa gawo lapansi, 2-3 makilogalamu a simple humus pa m 2 amagwiritsidwa ntchito .
Njere za kubzala beet pamalo otseguka
Kukula kwa muzu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchulukitsa kwa kubzala - kutalika kwa mtunda pakati pa mbande zomwe zikukula, zikuluzikulu za masamba zidzakula (koma zazikulu sizingatheke kuzigwiritsa ntchito). Momwe mungabzalitsire beets ndi mbewu kuthengo:
- jambulani mzere, kupita masentimita 4 ndi mtunda wa masentimita 20;
- Mitsempha ya moisturize, mbewu imayikidwa mwa iwo payekha ndi pakati pa zitsamba 2-3 masentimita;
- mbewu zimathiridwa pa dziko lapansi;
- Palibe chomera chokha chomwe chimakula kuchokera ku nodules, kotero kuti pamene mphukira zazing'ono zikuwonekera, ziyenera kuthyoledwa.
Bzalani mbande za beet pamalo otseguka
Ngati beet yabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwaderalo, kubzala ndi kusamalira kumbuyo komweko kumapangidwa kudzera mu mbande. Njirayi idzapewa kupopera mtsogolo kwa mabedi ndikupeza zokolola zabwino kwambiri kwa milungu itatu kuchokera pa nthawi yomweyi. Momwe mungabzalitsire beet mbande pamalo otseguka:
- zikumera zimapanga mwezi umodzi musanadzalemo pa malo;
- Mbewu yomwe inafalitsidwa ndi kumera nthawi yayitali imabzalidwa mabokosi omwe ali ndi gawo lapansi la zakudya, zomwe zisanayambe kuvala ndi Phytosporin. Kuzama kwa kukwera - masentimita 2-3, zitsulo ziyikidwa pawindo, chophimba kuchokera ku dzuwa, kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha;
- Kusamalira mbande kumaphatikizapo kuthira nthaka, kukhazikika bwino;
- Kuwaza mbande mu siteji ya masamba osakanikirana, kugawaniza mphukira kukhala m'magawo osiyana. Pofuna kupewa mphukira, mukhoza kuyamba kuziika mu makapu a peat. Ngati mmera umabala popanda picks, ndiye kuti iyenera kuthyoledwa;
- mutatha kuika mbande bwino ndikuphimba ndi cellophane kwa masiku awiri oyambirira kuti mupeze mizu yabwino;
- mukamera masamba awiri okhwima mu mbande, amaloledwa kupita pansi.
Zomwe zimabzala beets panja
Beetroot ndi chikhalidwe cha thermophilic, sikuli kofulumira ndi kufesa kwake. Muzule mbewu mu kasupe, mochedwa April - oyambirira May, pamene mubzala beets poyera pansi bwinobwino. Panthawiyi, kutentha kwapakati kumakhala pamwamba + 16 ° C, ndipo nthaka mpaka 8-10 masentimita yatha kutentha mpaka 8-10 ° C, yomwe ndi yofunikira kuti pakhale chitukuko chonse cha mbewu. Ngati chodzala chachitidwa mofulumira kwambiri, ndiwo zamasamba zitha kukhala pansi pa chisanu ndipo osamangiriza - kambewu kameneko kadzamasula maluwa otalika ndi masamba amphamvu.
Mbande zotsamira miphika, nayenso, sizothandiza, mwinamwake mizu idzafika pansi pa chotengera ndikukhala ndi mawonekedwe osasintha. Chotsani icho pansi pakati pa May. Kufesa kwa nyengo yozizira beet kungakhoze kuchitika mu autumn kumapeto kwa October. Mutabzala mbeu mwachikhalidwe, m'deralo derali liri ndi peat kapena humus.
Kodi beet imakula nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Zina mwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kulima beets ndi kumera, perekani izi: Kupititsa patsogolo mbeu, chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa nthaka. Ngati mbeu yobzalidwa idabzalidwa, mphukira zoyambirira zikhoza kuyembekezedwa masiku atatu pambuyo pake. Mukamabzala zinthu zowuma, mbewu zimabzalidwa masiku 6-8. Koma izi zikuyenera kukhala kuthirira mowolowa manja. Ngati chisamaliro chokonzekera ndi chosakwanira, ndiye kuti maonekedwe amamera amatha masiku 12-15.
Beet ikukula pansi
Pofuna kukulira beet lalikulu ndi zokoma pa siteti, kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera kumakhala ndi kuthirira moyenera, kupalira, kupangira, kumenyana ndi ziphuphu. Chisamaliro chothandiza chidzakuthandizani kusonkhanitsa zokolola zabwino. Mmene mungakhalire beets poyera - zinsinsi:
- Kutsekemera kwa mabedi pakatha kuthirira ndi kumvula mpaka 4-6 masentimita kumafunika kuti chiwonongeko cha dziko lapansi chiwonongeke, chomwe chimalepheretsa kusinthana kwa mizu ya mbewu;
- Ngati owazidwa ndi udzu wouma, namsongole, kumasula ndi kuchepetsa chikhalidwe adzakhala ndi zochepa;
- kotero kuti masamba ali obiriwira ndi okoma, chitsamba chimatulutsidwa kangapo pamwamba pa nsongazo ndi mankhwala a mchere - 1 tbsp pa 10 l madzi;
- mu autumn, chisanu chisanayambe, zipatso zimachotsedwa. Iwo amatulutsidwa, kutsukidwa, kudula nsonga;
- Sungani zamasamba bwino pa 0 ° C - / + 2 °.
Chisamaliro cha beet chikuwombera
Chisamaliro cha njuchi pamalo otseguka chimakhala chisamaliro chapadera chokula zomera zachinyamata. Namsongole amatha kutulutsa mphukira zazing'ono, zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono mpaka mawonekedwe oyambirira 4-5. Chomeracho chimatuluka ndikukhazikika kumbuyo pamene chitukuko chimakula. Pofuna kumenyana namsongole musanayambe kubereka mbewu, mabedi amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mafuta a talakita - 35-50 g pa 1 m 2 . Mukamera masamba awiri oyambirira a masamba kuchokera ku udzu wosafunikira, derali limamwetsedwa ndi yankho la ammonium nitrate - 3 makilogalamu pa chidebe cha madzi.
Kodi mungamwetse bwanji beets pamtunda?
Pepala la beet - kukonda chinyezi, kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera kuganiza kuti kuthirira moyenera, kulingalira za miyendo. Mbewu zabwino kwambiri ndi nthaka yonyowa, koma zimatha kulekerera kuchepa kwa madzi kwa nthawi yaitali. Kusasunthika kopanda madzi kumayambitsa mapangidwe a zipatso zosaoneka bwino, popanda kukoma kokoma. Kuthira kwakukulu kwa nthaka youma kumayambitsa masamba. Madzi ambiri omwe amapezeka m'madzi amachititsa kuti ziwonongeko ziwonongeke. Beet kuthirira panja:
- onetsetsani chikhalidwe pamene dothi lamanzere lauma;
- Panthawiyi masamba amathirira pafupifupi 3-4 nthawi, amathira ndowa 2-3 pa 1 m 2 ;
- Kutsekemera kumachitika mwa njira yokonkha, kuti atsitsimutse masamba a chomera, m'mawa kapena madzulo;
- Ngati malowa sakhala ndi mulch , atatha kuthirira nthaka kumasulidwa tsiku lotsatira;
- kwa theka la mwezi isanafike kukonzekera kukolola, kuyimitsa kwaimitsidwa, komwe kumapangitsa kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mu chipatso ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chawo.
Beet decimation poyera pansi
Beet chikhalidwe ndi kukula kwa mbande kuswa, monga mbewu imodzi, mphukira zingapo kukula kwambiri. Mmene mungakhalire beets kutchire - kupatulira:
- Nthawi yoyamba mphukira ikudutsa pamene masamba awiri oyambirira akuwonekera. Masewera achoka pamtunda wa 3-4 masentimita. Zipatso zina zimasunthira kumalo ena - panthawiyi zimakhazikitsidwa bwino.
- Njira yachiwiri ikuchitika pamene mbande zazing'ono zimalimbikitsidwa ndipo mizu imakula kukula kwa 1.5 masentimita - chotsani chomera chimodzi kwa masentimita 6 mpaka 10. Izi ndizofunika kupanga zobiriwira zamasamba - osati zazing'ono osati zopambana.
- Ndondomekoyi ndi yabwino kwambiri mutatha kuthirira kapena mvula pa tsiku la mitambo.
Kupaka pamwamba kwa beetroot
Kuti akule tebulo lokoma beet pa mabedi, kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera kumagwiritsanso ntchito kavalidwe ka organic. Kuchokera muzigawo za mchere mu zipatso zingapange voids. Mbali za beet kukula: pamwamba kuvala:
- Pambuyo poyamba kupatulira, chomeracho chimafunikira mphamvu kuti zikhale ndi rosettes. Kuchita izi, kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwake, feteleza feteleza amafunika: njira yothetsera njuchi zamadzimadzi 1:10 kapena mullein 1: 8 - 12 malita a bolt pa 1 m 2 . Amalowetsedwa m'katikati mwa masentimita 5 kuchokera ku mphukira. Ngati chipatso chimakhala kukula kwa mtedza, nitrojeni mmenemo imasonkhanitsa kale mu mawonekedwe a nitrates.
- Pamene nsonga pazomera zidzatsekedwa, muyenera kupanga potashi: kudula phulusa (1 st pa 1.5 mamita 2 ) ndi madzi pedi.
- Boron ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali cha zipatso. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwake, mizu yokolola ili ndi mabala a bulauni. M'chilimwe, mvula yamkuntho, madzi amawaza ndi asidi osakaniza - 5 g pa 10 malita a madzi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta beet
Masamba abwino a chikhalidwe amakhala ndi dothi lopanda mawanga. Maonekedwe a fungal maonekedwe, zoyera, imvi, zakuda zakuda, zachikasu, bulauni zimatulutsa matenda a beets. Chomera chingakhudze powdery mildew , phorosis, bulauni kapena muzu zowola. Njira yabwino ndikuchitira tchire ndi fungicidal mankhwala - Phytosporin kapena Bordeaux osakaniza pa ndende ya 1%.
Za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, achikulire a chilimwe nthawi zambiri amadetsedwa ndi ntchentche za ntchentche, nsabwe za m'masamba, utitiri, shchitovidki, nsomba. Njira yabwino yopewera tizilombo tidzatha kupalira mzere wa mizere, yophukira yakuya. Pamene nsabwe za m'masamba zikuwonekera, kuchotsa izo zidzakuthandizani kuthetsa yankho la anyezi, mankhwala a Iskra . Ntchentche zikhoza kuchotsedwa ndi Carbophos, ndipo utitiri umatha pambuyo kuthirira masamba omwe ali pamwambawa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa. Ndi zotupa, bakiteriya 1% yothetsera bitoxybacillin kapena 0.5% ya homelin idzathandiza. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu odzudzula Shining ndi Baikal kumawonjezera chitetezo cha zomera ku zirombo.