Nkhumba kubzala mbeu pamtunda - zophweka zoyenera kwa oyamba kumene

Kufesa mbewu za mandimu kumalo otseguka bwino ndipo munda wanu kumapeto kwa nyengo inali yodzala ndi zipatso zazikulu za lalanje, muyenera kudziwa zoyenera kusamalira chikhalidwe cha mavwende. Chomera chodziwika ndi chofalachi sichitha kutchedwa chopanda nzeru, koma zolakwika pakufesa zimatha kusintha kwambiri zokolola zake.

Momwe mungabzalitsire mbewu za dzungu pamalo otseguka?

Dzungu linawonekera ku Dziko Lakale chifukwa cha okonda ndi oyendetsa ngalawa omwe ankafuna kukula pa munda wamunda zipatso zabwino za zomera zosangalatsa zomwe ankakonda. Pachifukwa ichi, chikhalidwe cha herbaceous chosiyana ndi chosiyana ndi zomera za ku Ulaya zikukula m'madera ozizira, kutentha kwambiri kwa thermophilic. Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, malamulo odzala maungu ndi mbewu amapangidwa, omwe amalepheretsa kupewa zolakwa zokhudzana ndi kuzizira kwa mbewu, imfa imamera kuchokera ku tizirombo, chilala ndi matenda.

Mitundu yambiri ya dzungu yadziwika - muscat, yaikulu-fruited ndi yovuta. Muscat mitundu ina yabwino kwambiri kukoma, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika za zophikira mbale. Iye amakonda kwambiri kutentha ndi kuzizira zigawo zakula makamaka ndi mmera njira. Mitundu yambiri yobala zipatso pamtunda ndi yotchuka kwambiri, yotchuka chifukwa cha zipatso zake zokoma za mpendadzuwa, zipatso zake zimasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali mutatha kukolola. The zovuta yophika maungu ali tebulo cholinga, iwo amayamikira kwa mwamsanga kusasitsa ndi zokoma zamkati.

Zokolola za Muscat Zokolola:

• Peyala ya golide;
• Arabatskaya;
• Watsopano;
• Vitamini;
• Pearl;
• Gilea;
• Koma.

Zofuna zosiyanasiyana za dzungu:

• Gymnose;
• Chibulgaria;
• Gribov chitsamba;
• Spaghetti;
• Amondi;
• Danka Polka;
• Dziko.

Large-fruited dzungu kuti lotseguka pansi:

• Titani;
• Mkazi wachi Russia;
• Amodzi-mapaundi;
• Marble;
• Sangalala;
• Centner;
• Wamng'ono;
• Atlant.

Otsitsiratu a dzungu pamalo otseguka

Cholinga chodzala mbewu za dzungu pamalo otseguka sichidzapereka zotsatira zabwino, ngati mabedi ali ndi chikhalidwechi ali m'malo omwe nthawi yayitali idakula nkhaka kapena sikwashi. Chifukwa chake chiri mu matenda wamba ndi tizirombo zomwe zimayambitsa dziko lapansi ngakhale zitatha kukumba mwakuya sizikuwonongeka m'nyengo yozizira. Popanda kusintha kwabwino kwa mbeu, iwo, pofika kutentha, mwadyera adagonjetsa zipatso za zipatso, makamaka kuchepetsa zokololazo.

Okonzeratu bwino a dzungu kuthengo:

• chikhalidwe;
• kabichi;
• mizu yokolola;
• mbatata;
• tirigu wachisanu;
• chimanga cha silage;
• zitsamba zowoneka bwino.

Kodi kudzala dzungu pamalo otseguka m'chaka?

Ngati simukugwirizana ndi nthawi yobzala mbewu za dzungu pamalo otseguka, ndiye kuti nyengo yathu, mphukira yofooka ikhoza kuvutika ngakhale kuchokera kufooka kasupe chisanu. Iyenera kuwerengedweratu molondola pamene kuopsya kwa chisanu chakumapeto kudutsa m'deralo. Kugwira ntchito pa mabedi kumayamba ndi kutentha kotentha, malingana ndi deralo, kubzala kwa dzungu kumachitika kuyambira May mpaka pakati pa June. Zokolola zimamera bwino pa 25 ° C, pamene kutentha kumatsikira ku 14 ° C ndi pansipa, chitukuko cha mtundu wobiriwira mu ma vwende.

Momwe mungasankhire mbewu za dzungu kubzala?

Mbeu zomwe zimapezeka sizimakhala zovomerezeka nthawi zonse. Kawirikawiri, amalonda osakhulupirika amagulitsa mukulumikiza ndi zinthu zokongola zomwe amajambula zithunzi zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe zimadzinenera zosiyanasiyana. Njira yabwino ndiyo kudzala dzungu ndi mbewu zako pamalo otseguka, zomwe zimakupatsani ndalama zambiri m'munda waukulu. Ndikofunika kudziwa malamulo a kusonkhanitsa kwawo ndi njira zosungirako, kotero kuti kasupe ogwira ntchito pa bedi idapambana ndi kupereka zotsatira zomveka.

Kugula kwa mbeu ya dzungu:

1. Cholinga chathu, tiyenera kusankha chachikulu, chowoneka bwino, chooneka ngati chofanana ndi dzungu.
2. Ndizofunika kubzala mbewu zamagawi padera pamtundu wonsewo, kuti asasankhe mtundu wa polima.
3. Ndizosafunika pansi pa tchire, zomwe mukukonzekera kugwiritsira ntchito kuswana, kuti mupange mankhwala owonjezera a feteleza.
4. Dulani dzungu pamaso pa chisanu ndikuziika mosamala kuti zisungidwe.
5. Patapita mwezi, mukhoza kusankha mbewu, siziyenera kusungidwa mkati, zidzakula ndi yosungirako nthawi yaitali.
6. Dulani dzungu ayenera kukhala pang'ono kumbali, kuti asawononge mbewu.
7. Pambuyo pazitsulo, inoculum imatsukidwa ndi madzi, imayika ndodo imodzi pa nsalu yowuma ndipo imayidwa pansi pa malo apinda. Kuyanika muvuni kumachitika mofulumira, koma kungasokoneze kumera kwa mbewu za dzungu.
8. Sungani mbewu musanadzalemo poyera pansi mu mapepala envulopu kapena matumba ang'ono.
9. Kutentha kotentha kwa pafupifupi 14-16 ° C.

Momwe mungayambire mbewu za dzungu kubzala?

Pofuna kukhala ndi mavuto ochepa kumalo osatseguka pansi pa zovuta komanso kuonjezera mphamvu ya kumera, zimalangizidwa kuti zikhale ndi mbeu za dzungu popanda kubzala. Pambuyo potsatira njirayi, amasonkhana pamodzi, amayamba kukula mwamphamvu ndi tizirombo. Kukula kumayambira pazigawo zingapo:

1. Mbeu zopanda kanthu, zosavuta komanso zosawerengeka zimakanidwa mukamasankha.
2. Kwa masiku angapo musanayambe kugwira ntchito panja, inoculum ili ndi zaka 2-3 m'madzi otentha mpaka 50 ° C.
3. Kenaka, ikani nyemba mu nsalu yonyowa kapena nsalu.
4. Kuti mbewuzi zisamaume, mukhoza kuziphimba ndi thumba la pulasitiki, lomwe nthawi zonse limachotsedwa kuti likhale lopuma.
5. Kuyamera kumapangidwanso kutentha.
6. Mbewu zikamera mphukira mpaka 3 mm kutalika, timayamba mofulumira kutsika pamtunda.

Kudzala dzungu pamalo otseguka ndi mbeu kumapeto

Ogorodniki kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yogawa mbeu. Kuya kwa mbewu ya dzungu yomwe ili pamalo otseguka kumadalira kuyika ndi dothi. M'nthaka yochepa nthaka imakhala masentimita 8, mu nthaka yolemera - osapitirira masentimita 5-6. Chiwongolero ndi malamulo a kubzala dzungu zimadalira kukula kwa maluwa:

1. Mitundu ya mitundu - 70x70 cm.
2. Kwa mitundu ndi kukula kwa lashes - 140x70 masentimita kapena 140x140 masentimita.
3. Kubzala kwa mitundu ndi zimayambira yaitali kumachitika molingana ndi chiwembu - 180-210x100-180 masentimita.

Feteleza wa dzungu mukamabzala

Chifukwa cha kutalika kwakukulu pakati pa tchire, ndi zomveka kugwiritsa ntchito fetereza ku dzungu pamalo otseguka pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse, popanda kufalitsa zinthu zothandiza pa malo onsewa. Mungagwiritse ntchito njira yotsatirayi yokonzanso zitsime:

1. Kompositi - mpaka 1 chidebe.
2. Superphosphate - mpaka 20 g.
3. Potaziyamu fetereza - mpaka 10 g.
4. Saltpeter - mpaka 10 g.
5. Wood phulusa - mpaka 1 chikho.

Kodi mungaike chiyani pafupi ndi dzungu?

Mwachikhalidwe m'minda yapafupi pafupi ndi dzungu, chimanga chimakula , chifukwa chaichi, mitundu yolekerera ndi mthunzi ndi yoyenera ntchito. Chabwino pafupi nawo nyemba, nandolo kapena nyemba. Yesani kugawa mabedi ndi mavwende osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zukini, kapena sikwashi amatha kufukuta ndi maungu, kutaya kukoma.