Yerusalemu atitchoku - kulima, zida za peyala yadothi

Bzalani nsonga yamatabwa ya Yerusalemu yamtengo wapatali ndi yopanda ulemu pa dacha, kulima kwachibale cha "mphutsi" cha mpendadzuwa sikungatenge nthawi yambiri ndikuthandizira kupeza chakudya chokoma ku chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Peyala ya pansi ponena za zakudya zowonjezera sizomwe zili zochepa kwa mbatata, koma ili ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri komanso zakudya zamakono.

Kodi aritchoke ya Yerusalemu ikuwoneka bwanji?

Amwenye a ku Brazil a mafuko a Tupinamoas ndiwo oyamba kulengeza chikhalidwe cha chakudya kwa anthu a ku Ulaya. Apolisiwo anazindikira mwamsanga ubwino wa zomwe anapezazo ndipo adawathandiza kufalitsa dziko lapansi padziko lapansi. Chomera cha Artichoke cha Yerusalemu ndi choyenera kukula pa chakudya, chimbudzi chingadye. Ndi kufalikira kwa mbatata, kutchuka kwake kwacheperachepera, koma chifukwa cha kutentha kwachisanu kukaniza nthaka yamera imakula momasuka pa makontinenti onse kuthengo.

Pali mbewu zofiira, zachikasu, zoyera komanso zofiira za Yerusalemu zamtundu wotchedwa artichoke, zofanana mofanana ndi ginger rootlets. Kulawa kwakukulu amaimira chinthu china pakati pa turnips, katsitsumzukwa, atitchoku kapena kabichi kabokosi, koyenera kupanga mbale zambiri zokoma. Mbali yomwe ili pamwambayi ndi yofanana ndi tsinde la mpendadzuwa, lomwe liri pafupi kwambiri. Zimayambira ndi villi yochepa, kutalika kwake kumafikira pakakula mamita 3, maluwa a orange amakhala pamwamba.

Chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe chonse ndi Yerusalemu atitchoku, kulima kobiriwira kumapereka silage, haylage, chakudya chosakaniza. Kuchokera ku tubers mupange saladi, mbale yophika ndi yophika, zakudya zamzitini. Mizu imayendetsedwa ndi akalulu, nkhumba, nkhosa ndi ng'ombe, imayamwitsa mkaka bwino ndikuwonjezera kulemera kwawo. Kugwiritsira ntchito artichoke ku Yerusalemu kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha mtima, mchere wamadzi, kuchepa kwa magazi, ndi kuchepa kwa asidi. Chipatso cha chomeracho chimalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ngati chithandizo chothandiza mu matenda a shuga.

Yerusalemu atitchoku - mitundu

Kusiyanitsa mitundu ya zomera zachitsulo, kupanga mtundu waukulu wobiriwira, koma mizu yaing'ono ya Yerusalemu ya attichoku, ndi mitundu yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito chakudya ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola za tubers. Pali zomera zam'mbuyo ndi zam'mbuyo, mitundu ina imabzala osati kale kuposa mwezi wa November ndipo si yoyenera nyengo yozizira. Pakali pano, zopitirira mazana atatu za hybrids ndi cultivars za chikhalidwe ichi zakula. Mitundu yoyambirira yokongoletsera, yomwe idalandizidwa pang'ono m'dera lathu, imatulutsidwa.

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya atitchoku yaku Yerusalemu:

1. Leningrad - mtundu wam'mbuyo, koma zoyera zogwiritsidwa ntchito zamtunduwu zimatha kuphulika kumpoto kwa West-West wa Russia, zoyenerera nyengo yosungirako yozizira.
2. Omsk woyera - mitundu yobiriwira, imayambira kukula kwa mamita 2, mzu wa masamba ndi wolemera kwambiri kufika 50-55 g.
3. Skorospelka - imapanga timipira tomwe timayera bwino, kukolola mbewu kumayambiriro, zimasiyana ndi kukula kwa chisanu.
4. Mitengo ya mbewu ya Vulgothsky ya chikasu, yaitali, zokolola - kuposa 100c / ha. Mitundu yambiri ya Yerusalemu yamtundu wotchedwa artichoke ingakulire ku North-West ndi kumpoto kwa Russia.
5. Chidwi - mitundu yosiyanasiyana idzakondwera ndi mafani omwe amamera chomera m'madera otentha. Ziŵerengero za artichoke ya Yerusalemu ndizamphamvu, zimakhazikika, zimabereka ndi nyengo yakucha.
6. Dzuwa - kutha msanga, tubers limakula kufika 60g, baka ndizamphamvu. Mtundu wa artichoke wa Yerusalemu, ukukula pa zinthu zotheka kumadera ambiri.
7. Pasko - kutseka mofulumira, tchire pamwamba, timapanga mizu yolima ndi mtundu wa 80 g.
8. Zomwe mwapezazo ndichedwa, ololera, zoyenera kumadera akum'mwera.
9. Nkhani Zachilengedwe Zowonjezera VIR - zokolola za peyala ku 35t / ha, artichoke ya Yerusalemu ikhoza kukulirakulira.
10. Volzhsky 2 - amapanga zipatso za peyala zoboola, zoyera ndi zofiirira mawanga, zosagwira kutentha, zopatsa 200t / ha.

Mmene mungamere Yerusalemu atitchoku?

Aritchoku Yaku Yerusalemu imakula monga chaka ndi chaka kapena chaka chochuluka chamapiri pamalo amodzi osankhidwa. M'minda imasankha njira yoyamba, koma kwa kanyumba pali njira iliyonse yomwe ingatheke malinga ndi cholinga chomwe wolima masamba adzipangira okha. Kusankha bwino kwa dothi la peyala ladothi ndi pH 6.0-7.7, chomera ichi chikukula bwino pa loam kuwala. Kubzala atitchoku ya Yerusalemu ndi zofunika pa dzuwa mabedi kapena mu mdima wandiweyani. Mukhoza kukula peresenti pa dacha, ndipo mumalowetsa mpanda.

Kubzala tuba Yerusalemu atitchoku

Pofuna kusankha momwe mungamangire artichoke ku Yerusalemu, kusankha bwino ndi kuchiza ma tubers kumathandiza kwambiri. Tengani kawirikawiri kukula kwake ndi nkhuku dzira mizu ndi kuzifotolera mu njira ya manganese mdima wofiira. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, n'zotheka kukonza tubers mu Zircon stimulator, kukula kumera ndikufulumizitsa kukula kwa mphukira. Mu mizere iwo amakhala mu masentimita 30, amakula ndi mtunda pakati pa mizere - mpaka 80 masentimita, malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana. Kuzama kokhala peyala yadothi ndi 12-15 masentimita. Ngati atitchoku ya Yerusalemu yayuma asanayambe kubzala, imayambitsidwa poyikamo m'madzi.

Yerusalemu atitchoku - kubzala mbewu

Kuchulukitsa mbewu kwa chikhalidwe ichi ndi amateurs sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pakulima, ndikoyenera kubzala mitundu yatsopano pamene kugula zinthu mwa makalata. Ndikoyenera kuyembekezera zaka zingapo kuti mupeze zokolola zonse za peyala yadothi motere. Artichoke ya Yerusalemu mukamadzala ndi kubzala mbeu m'chaka choyamba ndi bwino kukula muzitsamba, chifukwa cha chilimwe mudzayamba kuphuka kapena kutentha. Kumapeto kwa nyengo timakumba mizu yaing'ono ndikuiika m'nthaka.

Atitchoku ya Yerusalemu - kubzala nthawi

Panthawi yophukira, ntchito imatha masabata angapo asanakhale ndi khola la chisanu. Pambuyo poyikira tubers mu ngalande, nthaka imapangidwa ndi rakes. Kulima artichoke ku Yerusalemu nthawi yamasika kumagwirizana ndi kubzala mbatata, m'madera ambiri amayamba kutulutsa kuchokera kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April atatha kutentha nthaka, motsogoleredwa ndi nyengo.

Yerusalemu atitchoku - chisamaliro ndi kulima

Tikulimbana ndi mbewu yolimba kwambiri yomwe imakula m'madera ambiri ngakhale ngati namsongole, koma osasamala zomera zimapanga mbewu zochepa zomwe sizikhala ndi mtengo wapatali. Mu funso la momwe mungamere Yerusalemu atitchoku kumalo otseguka, nkofunikira kukwaniritsa zinthu zingapo zofunika zomwe zimathandiza kupeza zokolola zamuyaya za mapeyala apadziko lapansi.

Mmene mungamere Yerusalemu atitchoku:

1. Titabzala tidzamasula nthaka, timachotsa udzu wobiriwira pabedi.
2. Mbande kuwonekera pambuyo masabata 2-3.
3. Kuwala koyamba kwa tchire kumapangidwa ndi nthawi yomwe mphukira imatha kutalika kwa 0.4-0.5 m.
4. Zitsamba zazikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi 1 mita ndi pamwamba pake ndizofunika kumangiriza waya kapena zothandizira matabwa.
5. Timakula tchire pamene zikukula.
6. Kudula maluwa kumathandiza kukula kuti zikhale zokolola zabwino zadothi.
7. Timamera Yerusalemu artichokes ndi mchere kapena kukonzekera.
8. Timakolola zipatso m'dzinja mpaka chisanu kapena masika.
9. N'zotheka kukonza gawo limodzi la bedi kuti likhale lokolola masika, ndikumbela mbewu yaikulu ndi kutentha, m'nthaka, mizu imakhala yabwino bwino. Pankhaniyi, simungaphonye ntchito za ntchito, mwinamwake ma tubers adzawombera ndipo adzataya zakudya zabwino.

Dziko lapansi pear Yerusalemu atitchoku - kuthirira

Mu nyengo yamvula Yerusalemu amadzimadzi amadzimadzi ndi odzichepetsa ndipo safuna kuthirira. Mu chilala, pamene kutentha kwachangu kumakhazikitsidwa kwa milungu ingapo, n'zotheka kuthandiza zomera, kutsanulira 15 malita a madzi pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polima kukonkha kapena njira yochepetsera ulimi. Timagwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi kutentha kwa 15 ° C mpaka 18 ° C, pamene tikukula Yerusalemu artichoke madzi okwanira m'mawa kapena madzulo ndi nthawi ya masabata awiri.

Chomera cha artichoke cha Yerusalemu - kuvala pamwamba

Mphukira ya mapeyala a nthaka akhoza kudyetsedwa ndi phulusa la mtengo ndi kuwerengera kufika 300 g ya mankhwala pa 1 m ^{2 ya} nthaka, monga njira ina, fetereza amchere ndi oyenera. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, momwe mungamere Yerusalemu atitchokako mudzikoli, simungathe kuchita popanda nayitrogeni ndi microfertilizers. Zinthu izi monga mawonekedwe amadzimadzi zimaphatikizidwa pa feteleza yachiwiri panthawi yopuma. Pambuyo kukolola kwadzinja, nthaka imamera ndi nitrogen-phosphorous-potaziyamu (10 g / m ² ), n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa okonzedwa bwino pamabedi.

Kodi tingatani kuti tilengeze atitchoku?

Kugula tuber ya mitundu yatsopano, sitidzakhala ndi zokolola zokwanira, choncho atitchoku ya Yerusalemu imakula pogawaniza mbewuzo muzuwo. Kulima mapeyala a nthaka ndi maso abwino, mukhoza kupeza mbande zonse. Ndikofunika kuchoka pazitsulo ziwiri mu zigawo za Artichoke ya Yerusalemu. Njirayi ndi yoyenera kubzala masika, m'dzinja siziyamikiridwa kugawaniza tubers.

Mitengo ya peyala yamtundu wa anthata - matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Nthaŵi zina pamakhala ziphuphu ku Yerusalemu artichoke, momwe mungamere chomera m'zaka zosasangalatsa?

1. Sclerotiniosis infects zimayambira, kuchititsa maonekedwe a chovala choyera. Zitsamba zopweteka zimalimbikitsidwa kutentha, ndi zoyala kuti zithetse "Immunocytophyte".
2. Kuyanika masamba ndi maonekedwe ofiira amachititsa alternaria, chithandizo cha mabedi ndi fungicides kumathandiza kupewa matendawa - Topaz, Bayleton, Skor, Topsin.
3. Medvedku , kuthamanga , tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo tina tikamalima tikuwonongeka ndi kukonzekera granulated - Boverin, Anti-Medvedka, RembeK.