Nyumba zambiri ndi nyumba zili ndi zipinda ndi maluwa. Komabe, mukhoza kukongoletsa nyumba yanu ndi minda ina yobiriwira komanso yothandiza. Mukufuna kudziwa bwino kulima nkhaka pawindo? Njirayi ndi yosavuta ndipo ikhoza kukhala yowonetseratu zochitika za banja lanu lonse.
Nkhaka pawindo - mitundu
Ngati mukufuna kuti muzikhala ndi nkhaka zatsopano, mukukula ndi nyumba yanu, choyamba, muyenera kusankha nkhaka zabwino za khonde ndi zenera. Pambuyo pake, panyumba, ngati kulibe kuwala kokwanira, si mbewu iliyonse yomwe ingapangire bwino ndi kubereka. Nkhaka mitundu kukula kwa nyumba ayenera kukhala ndi zotsatirazi katundu:
- Kulekerera ndi mthunzi n'kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ngakhale kumwera kwazenera-sill, zomera zimalandira kuwala pang'ono kusiyana ndi wowonjezera kutentha kapena pamsewu;
- khalidwe lodzichepetsa - khalidwe lofunika la zomera zapakhomo, chifukwa choyimira pansi pawindo ndi mawindo kunja kwawindo sizingapangitse chomera kukhala cholimba ndi cholimba;
- Kukhoza kwa nthambi kumathandiza kuti asonkhanitse mbewu zambiri za nkhaka.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka zowonjezera m'nyumba. Mukhoza kugula mbewu za parthenocarpic, ndiko kuti, kudzipitsa mungu, hybrids. Nawa ena mwa iwo:
- F1 Chipinda chawindo, chiri ndi kukoma kokometsera ndi kosangalatsa;
- F1 Elizabeth - ali ndi zikopa zazikulu pamaguchi;
- F1 Patty, F1 Primadonna - zipatso sizikhala ndi zowawa;
- F1 kalembedwe ka Chirasha - ali ndi nkhaka, amayamba fruiting kwambiri oyambirira.
Akatswiri amalangiza kuti kulima nkhaka pazenera njuchi-poipitsidwa hybrids, omwe amadziwika ndi wapadera shadowiness:
- F1 Relay, F1 Olimpiki, F1 Marathon ali mtundu wazimayi wa maluwa ndipo amafunika pollination;
- F1 Wopikisanayo ali ndi mndandanda wa mazira ochuluka, akulimbana ndi matenda;
- F1 Faust, F1 Kutalika-kutalika kwa hybrids, kuwonjezereka kwa mthunzi wa mthunzi, akulimbikitsidwa kufesa koyambirira (pakati pa mwezi wa February);
- F1 Flagship ndi F1 Arbat imafesedwa mu March, izi ndizochapa ndi zobala mitundu.
Kodi mungabzala bwanji nkhaka kunyumba pawindo?
Alimi ambiri amathawa akufuna kuphunzira momwe angabzala nkhaka pawindo. Kuti mukolole ndiwo zamasamba obiriwira, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena:
- Poika mabokosi ndi nkhaka m'nyumba, mawindo omwe amayang'ana kum'mwera, kum'mwera chakum'maŵa kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo ndi abwino kwambiri;
- M'nthawi ya dzinja ndi nyengo yachisanu, m'pofunika kukonza kuunikira kwa nkhaka ndi nyali za fulorosenti; chifukwa chaichi munthu akhoza kugwiritsira ntchito ziwonetsero, magalasi ndi ngakhale zojambula zosavuta, kuziyika kuti kuwala kufike pa zomera zakula;
- Nkhaka siikonda ma drafts, kotero muyenera mosamala ventilate chipinda.
Kodi nkhaka zimakula bwanji pawindo?
Kukula nkhaka kunyumba pakhomo, mbewu zawo ziyenera kumera. Izi zidzafulumizitsa kutuluka kwa mbande. Mbewu yophimbidwa ndi nsalu kapena kuikidwa pakati pa zigawo zingapo za pepala la chimbudzi ndi kupopera nthawi zonse, osati kulola nsaluyo kuuma. Mbeu zouma ziyenera kuikidwa pamalo otentha, kumene kutentha kuli pafupi + 28 ° C. Pafupi masiku awiri kenako, mphukira zazing'ono zidzawonekera. Mbewu izi zitabzalidwa chimodzimodzi m'makapu apulasitiki, kukulitsa pansi mpaka 1-2 masentimita. Kotero inu mudzakula mbande, zomwe zidzasinthidwe muzipinda zambiri.
Kulima nkhaka pawindo lawindo, bokosi kapena mphika umene umabzala madzi akuyenera. Pansi pa izo muyenera kutsanulira crumb kapena miyala ya njerwa ndi wosanjikiza wa masentimita awiri, ndiyeno - choyamba, chimene mungagule m'sitolo kapena kuphika nokha. Nthaka yosakaniza kubzala nkhaka ayenera kukhala ndi chapamwamba chomera chonde cha dziko lapansi, peat, humus. Kwa makilogalamu 5 a nthaka yotere ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera 1 galasi la phulusa ndi supuni imodzi ya choko.
Mu mbale yokonzedwa motere timabzala nkhaka zakula, zomwe zili ndi masamba 3-4. Pa nthawi yomweyi, m'pofunikira kutsitsa nsonga ya rootlet, yomwe imalimbikitsa kupanga maphukira atsopano pa chomera. Ngati simukufuna kukula mbande, mukhoza kufesa mbewu za nkhaka kulowa m'bokosi ndi nthaka, kuziphimba ndi filimu ndikuyiyika pamalo otentha. Ndi kutuluka kwa mbande, chidebe chokhala ndi mbande chiyenera kuikidwa pawindo lazenera, poyambira pansi pazitsulo zonse zotentha. Pafupi ndi zomera, muyenera kuyika nkhwangwa yomwe mudzamangirire nkhwangwa.
Kodi mungakonde bwanji nkhaka pawindo?
Panthawiyi, kusamalira nkhaka pawindo muyenera kukhala bwino kwambiri:
- Madzi ayenera kuthiriridwa tsiku ndi tsiku, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi okhazikika kutentha kwa ichi;
- M'mawa, maulendo angapo pamlungu amalimbikitsidwa kupopera zomera, monga kuyanika kungayambitse kufalikira kwa ovary lonse;
- Ngati mizu ya zomera ikuwonetsedwa pamwamba pa nthaka, iyenera kukonzedwa ndi nthaka;
- Kamodzi pamlungu nkhaka zimadyetsedwa ndi mchere zowonjezera;
- Pakani nkhaka m'kupita kwanthawi, popanda kubweretsa zomera kuti zifooke.
Kodi mungayende bwanji mitengo yamakono pawindo?
Njuchi-zonyansa hybrids wa zoweta nkhaka ayenera kupanga yopanga pollination. Ndi bwino kuchita izi m'mawa. Kuphwanya maluwa amphongo (osasowa), tiyenera kuwatsogolera mofatsa pestle yaikazi (perianth yake imaoneka ngati nkhaka yaying'ono). Mothandizidwa ndi maluwa amphongo, azimayi awiri akhoza kupatsidwa mungu. Kuti pollination ikhale yowonjezereka bwino, mukhoza kulima chomera chimodzi cha F1 Hercules kapena, F1 Gladiator pafupi ndi nkhaka zanu. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa nkhaka pawindo, patapita masabata awiri pa zomera ayenera kuonekera zipatso zoyamba.
Kodi mungakonde bwanji nkhaka pawindo?
Monga momwe chiwonetsero chimasonyezera, ndizotheka kukula nkhaka kunyumba kunyumba pawindo ngati zonse agrotechnical miyeso ikuwonetsedwa. Pa yaikulu nkhaka phesi, mwamuna maluwa kapena dzenje maluwa kukula, ndi akazi mawonekedwe pa ofananira nawo mphukira. Pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula, amagwiritsa ntchito nkhaka. Njirayi imayamba pamene mbewuyi ili ndi masamba 4-5:
- imitsani ndi kuyika trellis pamwamba, kumene mumangiriza kukula nkhaka mapesi;
- kuti apange zokolola zamtunduwu ayenera kudula chitsamba pamwamba pa masamba 6, kusiya masamba atatu okha (a hybrids) kapena amodzi (kwa mitundu ina);
- masamba onse ofooka ndi owuma ayenera kuchotsedwanso.
Kodi mungamange bwanji nkhaka pawindo?
Oyambitsa alimi a kunyumba ayenera kudziwa kusamalira nkhaka pawindo ndi momwe angamangirire kukula nkhaka. Njira yosavuta yowokera pazenera ndi galasi lokhala ndi maselo akuluakulu, ndiyeno chomeracho chidzagwedezeka, kumamatira ku zothandizira. Ngati munabzala bedi mukamabzala mbande, ndiye kuti mapeto a chingwe chochepa akhoza kumangirizidwa, ndipo mapeto ena amatha kuyika pamwamba pazenera. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wopangidwa ndi khosi komanso chingwe chowongolera.
Kodi mungamwetse nkhaka pawindo?
Nthawi zina anthu omwe adasankha kulima ndiwo zamasamba, funso likhoza kuchitika, kangati kuti amweke nkhaka pawindo. Zomerazi zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri kuthirira, koma muyenera kudziwa kuti patsiku la dzuwa, mumatha kuchepetsa zomera patsiku, koma mvula imayenera kuthiriridwa mochepa. Ndi bwino kuthirira nkhaka madzulo kapena m'mawa. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, madzi a ndege asakhale amphamvu kwambiri, kuti asawononge mizu ya zomera.
Kuwonjezera nkhaka kuwindo
Kulima nkhaka pawindo sangathe kuchita popanda chakudya chawo chowonjezera. Koma chifukwa cha ichi muyenera kudziwa zomwe mungadyetse nkhaka pawindo. Yambani kuthirira mbewu izi pafupi masabata awiri mutabzala. Mungagwiritse ntchito, mwachitsanzo, nitroamophous kapena kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa mumadzi otentha. Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zomera ayenera kuthiriridwa, zomwe zidzateteza mizu yawo ku zotheka kuyaka. Chakudya chotsatira chimachitidwa panthawi yosankha mbande ndi zina - panthawi ya maluwa. Pamene maluwa amaoneka, zomera zimadyetsedwa ndi ammonium nitrate ndi sulphate.
Nkhaka matenda pawindo
Nkhaka wamkulu kunyumba amakhala odwala kwambiri poyerekeza ndi omwe akukula mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena m'munda. Komabe, kulima nkhaka pawindo sizingatheke panthawi yabwino. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a nkhaka pawindo:
- Kuphwanya ulamuliro wa kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kutentha;
- kuthirira madzi ozizira kwambiri;
- Malo osadulidwa adasankhidwa kuti azikhala ndi nkhaka;
- Mukamagwira ntchito ndi chomera, zipangizo zomwe sizimatetezedwa.
Nchifukwa chiyani masamba amauma pa nkhaka pawindo?
Ngati zomera zanu zimayamba kuuma masamba, ndiye kuti, kukula kwa nkhaka pawindo kumachitika molakwika. Kuonjezera apo, matenda ena ndi tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa zomera zingayambitse kuyanika kwa masamba:
- Nsabwe za m'masamba - pofufuza mosamala pa nkhaka zamasamba mungathe kuona tizilombo ta parasitic, zomwe zimamwa timadziti ta masamba ndi nkhaka zingathe kufa. Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kuyika chomera ndi adyo kulowetsedwa kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ;
- Mphukira imuluka ndi tizilombo toononga, chifukwa chake nkhaka imatuluka chikasu pawindo. Mphutsi zake zimakhala m'nthaka ndikupita ku zomera zowonongeka, kuziwononga. Musanadzalemo nkhaka, sungani nthaka;
- Mzu wa zowola ndi matenda a fungal, omwe amayamba masamba omwe amayamba kuwuma, kenako mizu imavunda ndipo mbewu imamwalira. Pali nthendayi chifukwa chotsitsimula kwambiri kapena kuyanika kwambiri. Kulimbana ndi vutoli kungathandize kutsanulira nthaka yatsopano mu chidebe ndi chomera.
Yellowing nkhaka mbande pawindo
Kawirikawiri pali milandu pamene mbande za nkhaka pawindo zimatembenuka chikasu. Izi zimachitika pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana:
- Mbeu zochepa, mbande zazo zimakula ndifooka. Ngati izi zikupezeka, ndibwino kubwezeretsa nkhaka;
- nthaka yosayenera, yowonongeka, iyenera kusinthidwa ndikutsitsidwa;
- Kuthira kosakwanira kapena kokwanira kungayambitse kuyanika kwa mbande;
- kuphwanya kutentha ndi zojambula - chifukwa china cha chikasu cha nkhaka mbande.
Nkhaka zimakhala pawindo
Ngati nkhaka zapakhomo pawindo zikuyamba kufuna, ndiye kuti zikusowa chinyezi. Mu nthawi yotentha ayenera kuponyedwa pamsampha wamatsitsi. Usiku, kutentha sikuyenera kukhala pansi + 15 ° C. Mwinamwake simungamwe madzi zomera zokwanira. Choncho muyenera kusintha madzi okwanira. Dzuŵa likakhala lowala kwambiri masana, zomera zimayenera kuzimitsidwa, kuyika zojambulajambula kapena zolemba pamzere pazenera.