Chodabwitsa pakati pa wamaluwa ndi chomera chodabwitsa chomera, chokula kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe - ntchito sizimavuta, koma imafuna zikhalidwe zina. Mu mapu a masamba awa ali ndi mapuloteni ambiri ndi mavitamini, ascorbic ndi folic acid, chitsulo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika, cosmetology ndi mankhwala (makamaka othandiza kwa ashuga).
Kodi chomera cha okra chimawoneka bwanji?
Kuti mumvetse mtundu wa masamba obiriwira ndi okra, yesani kulingalira wosakanizidwa wa zukini, tsabola ndi tsambo la nyemba. Chomera chaka chilichonse chimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 40 mpaka 2 mamita (ndi nyengo yabwino komanso kukula), ndi phesi lakuda limene pali nthambi zambiri, zomwe zimakhala zobiriwira, zobiriwira, masamba odulidwa. Zipatsozo ndizowonongeka, zofanana ndi pod ndi tsitsi lopweteka pang'ono (lalitali kwambiri ndi mapeto ake), ndi nandolo mkati, kudula - imawoneka ngati pentagon yomwe ili ndi pakati.
Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga
Pali mitundu yambiri ya okra, yosiyana (yochokera kumayiko ena ndi kumudzi), kukula, kukula kwa kamwana, mtundu wake, kukula kwake. Mwachitsanzo, timapereka ndondomeko ya ora, yomwe imakhala yowonjezereka kwambiri:
- Sopilka (kuchapa pakati). Chomeracho chimakula pakati pa masentimita 100 mpaka 110, kukula kwache kufika pa 2.65 masentimita. Zipatsozo zimakhala zisanu, ziŵiri, ndipo zimakula mpaka masentimita 20 m'litali.
- Dibrova (pakati pa kucha). Mitengoyi ndi yochepa, kutalika kwake kufika pa masentimita 80, tsinde lalikulu ndi 2 masentimita. Chipatsocho chingakhale ndi masamba 7-9, chimakula kufika masentimita 21 m'litali.
Mitundu yochepa yomwe imayimira mchitidwe wa ndiwo zamasamba, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kukula ndi dothi, ndizo mitundu:
- Velvet yoyera, yobiriwira velvet - ndi yotchuka kwa minda yathu ya ndiwo zamasamba, yoyenera, mosiyana ndi mitundu yachilendo.
- Velvet yofiira ndi yochedwa mosiyanasiyana, yokongola kwambiri, fruiting imayamba pambuyo pa masiku 70
- Blondie - amatanthauza mitundu yoyambirira yakucha, kulonjeza, kugonjetsedwa ndi chimfine
- Nyenyezi ya Davide - yotchuka kwambiri, yayitali, zipatso zochepa, mpaka masentimita 8.
Kubzala okra ndi mbewu
Pasanapite nthawi, kwa mwezi ndi theka, musanabzala okra m'nthaka, fesa nyembazo m'mitengo yokonzedweratu. Ndizomveka kuyamba kuyamba kukonzekera mu April woyamba kapena wachiwiri. Kukonzekera (kuviikidwa kwa maola awiri) nyemba zomwe zimabzalidwa mu bokosi lokonzekera (chidebe), kuya masentimita 1.5, kuyika galasi pamwamba kapena kutambasula filimu yoonekera.
Monga dothi, tengani dothi, peat ndi mchenga wosakanizidwa muyeso la 2: 2: 1, mutengeke mu uvuni. Imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri ndizo zomwe kukula kwa mbewu za okra kuchokera ku mbande zimapangidwa mu makapu ndi peat, ziwiri kapena zitatu (kusiya mphukira imodzi, wamphamvu kwambiri). Ayenera kuikidwa mu chidebe chodziwika (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa). Mu nthaka yokonzedweratu, imbani mbande mwachindunji m'magalasi, kotero mizu ya mbewuyo idzakhala yosakhudzidwa kwambiri.
Tikufika pamalo otseguka
Musanabzala okra kuchokera kumbewu pamalo otseguka, gwirani mbewuyi kwa maola angapo m'madzi otentha kapena njira yothetsera kukula kwa mizu. Kufika kumayenera kuchitika nthaka itatha. Atapanga maenje omwe akuya masentimita 3-4, onetsetsani bwino ndikusakaniza mbeu 2-3 mmalo mwake, kuwaza ndi nthaka. Kutalikirana pakati pa mabowo kumachokera pa 25-30 masentimita (ngati zosiyana ndizochepa) ndi 50-60 (zazitali zomera). Mukamera okra kuchokera ku mbeu, mutabzala, mutaphimba mabedi ndi filimuyi, ndikukoka pazitsulo zowakumba.
Zomwe zimabzala okra
Kulima kwa okra kuchokera ku mbewu kumayambira masiku 30-45 musanadzale malo otseguka m'munda. M'madera ena, chisanu chimatha pokhapokha pa 20 May, makamaka kummwera, mbande kapena mbewu zimabzalidwa pambuyo pa 10 May. Dothi lofunika kutentha mozama lomwe ndilofunika kuti zitha kutuluka sizingafike poyerekeza ndi 14-15 ° C. Akatswiri ena amatsenga amalangiza mbande za okra m'masiku oyambirira a June, nthaka itatha.
Bamia - kukula
Malangizo a akatswiri odziwa bwino momwe angaperekere okra ndi osavuta, chifukwa chomera sichitanthauza khama lililonse. Pali zochitika zingapo zophweka, zomwe zikuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi zokolola zabwino:
- Yesetsani kuthira nthaka musanayambe kubzala, pakadali pano, palibe feteleza yowonjezera yomwe ikufunika. Ngati mukulephera kukula kwa zomera, mukhoza kuwamwetsa, kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi, zovuta, feteleza.
- N'zosatheka kuthira nthaka, makamaka nthawi yapitayi.
- Pofuna kulimbikitsa olimba, tchitsani zazikulu pamtunda wa 50, 60 cm kuchokera pansi.
- Kwa mitundu yayitali, perekani chithandizo.
- Phiri laling'ono limayambira pansi, limamasula nthaka.
- Kukula kwa okra mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pansi pa filimu, kumapatsa zomera nthawi zambiri.
Zonsezi zosavuta kupanga zimakhala zovuta kwambiri za agrotechnical njira zowonjezera okra, kusunga kwawo kudzaonetsetsa kuti chomera chikhale chitukuko chabwino ndi zochuluka. Musamabzala okra pamphepete mwa madzi, kapena malo omwe madzi akuyandikana ndi pamwamba, asankhe malo okhala ndi nthaka yomwe imapangitsa kuti chiberekero chisafike.
Kodi okra amakula bwanji?
Kukula kwa chikhalidwechi n'kofulumira. Ora ndi thermophilic, kotero ili pafupi ndi biringanya. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri, komwe kumalola kuti chomera chikhale bwino, ndi 23-26 ° C, pamene kutentha kumatsikira mpaka -16 ° C, okra imakula ndikukula, ndipo ikamasula, imatha. Ogorodniki, kugawana zochitika, momwe angakulire bamya pa dacha, amalimbikitseni kubzala mbande. Ku Bamia, kukula kwa zomera zowonjezera kumatheka kokha mu malo otentha omwe akuwotcha kapena m'madera otentha kwambiri. Dziko lodzala limasankha bwino, lopanda mphamvu.
Masamba chomera chomera - nthaka
Choncho konzani dothi m'dzinja, limbeni ndikulimera ndi organic, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu mankhwala, humus. M'chaka, kukumba kachiwiri ndi Kuwonjezera wa ammonium nitrate . Zabwino kwambiri za ndiwo zamasamba ndi chernozem, m'madera omwe simumatero, amagwiritsa ntchito wowonjezera kutentha kapena pogona pa filimuyo, amakhulupirira kuti chomera chimakula pamtunda wambiri, kupatula dongo, saline kapena mvula yambiri. Ora okalamba kuchokera ku mbewu kumalo osamalidwa amawasamutsa kunthaka, ngati mukuchita mosamala, popanda kusokoneza mizu yachonde ya mbeu.
Okra chomera - kuthirira
Zomera zamasamba zokha sizimasowa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse, ziyenera kuchitika kamodzi pa masiku asanu, ngati palibe mvula. Ulamuliro uwu wa kuthirira mpaka nthawi ya fruiting, mutatha kuthira nyemba zoyambira pazitsulo, muyenera kuthirira kawiri pa mwezi. Kuthirira moyenera, musadwale kwambiri kuti mizu ya okra isayambe kuvunda.
Masamba chomera chomera - pamwamba
Kudyetsa ndi kukula kwa okra kumapangidwira kuti pang'onopang'ono kukula, kuchepa kwa nthaka kawiri kapena katatu, nthawi yomwe yisanayambe kuoneka kwa ovary. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi ndikumvetsa kwa feteleza mchere, mlingo umatengedwa osachepera. Poyamba fruiting, feteleza imachitidwa kamodzi, chifukwa chaichi potaziyamu nitrate imagwiritsidwa ntchito .
Nthawi yamaluwa yamaluwa imayamba mu July, maluwawo ndi aakulu, okongola kwambiri, amapezeka mu tsamba la axilum, komwe kamwana kamene kamapangidwa, maluwa okongola omwe amaoneka okongola. Chovala choyamba pamwamba pa mchere, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mukangoona masamba, ngati dothi likukonzekera bwino pobzala mbande kapena mbeu.
Mafuta - chisamaliro
Malingana ndi alima ndiwo zamasamba, kubzala ndi kusamalira okra sizovuta, koma zipatso za zomera zimakhala ndi makhalidwe apadera. Chikondi chotentha, chomera chakumwera, chabwino, chisamaliro choyenera, chimakula bwino ndikupereka zokolola zambiri, kutali ndi kukhala kummwera. Kubzala bwino kumachitidwa ndi mbande, chifukwa mbewu zimakhala ndi nthawi yaitali yoyamera (kuyambira masabata atatu mpaka 4), ndipo zimakhala ndi nthaka yofunda, yotentha bwino.
Kuzisamalira nthawi zonse, kusamba mopitirira malire, osaganizira za ozra za kuuma kwa nthaka, ndizofunikira mwezi woyamba, m'tsogolomu chisamaliro chosamalitsa sichinali chofunikira. Kuthirira okra kuyenera kukhala ngati kuli chilala, ngati dothi lakhala louma, kuthira nthaka ndi yofunikira mpaka masentimita 40. Patapita nthaŵi, namsongole ndi kumasula nthaka, chakudya ndi madzi - izi ndizomwe mungachite kuti okra ifunike.