Down Syndrome ndi imodzi mwa matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha majini. Zimapezeka ngakhale pa siteji ya ma oocyte kapena umuna kapena nthawi ya kusakanizika pakati pa umuna. Komanso, mwanayo ali ndi kromosome yowonjezera 21 ndipo motero, mu maselo a thupi palibe 46, monga momwe amayembekezera, koma ma chromosome 47.
Kodi mungadziwe bwanji matenda a Down during pregnancy?
Pali njira zingapo zozindikiritsira matenda a m'thupi pamene ali ndi mimba. Zina mwazo - njira zowonongeka, ultrasound, kuyang'ana kwa mimba . Zoonadi, Down's syndrome ikhoza kupezeka m'mimba mwa mwanayo basi mothandizidwa ndi njira zosokoneza:
- chorionic biopsy pamasabata 10-12 - zotsatira zimapezeka pambuyo pa masiku angapo. Komabe, njirayi ndi yoopsa chifukwa ikhoza kuyambitsa kuperewera kwadzidzidzi m'matatu 3%;
- placentocentosis pamasabata 13-18 - zotsatirazi zidzauzidwa kwa inu patatha masiku angapo. Kuopsa kwa mavuto ndi chimodzimodzi - 3-4% amatha kumangoyenda padera;
- amniocentesis pa masabata 17-22 - pakadali pano chiopsezo chotenga padera ndi pafupifupi 0,5%;
- Cordocentesis pa masabata 21-23 - 1-2% ya milandu imatha padera.
Ngati panthawi yomwe akudwala matenda a Down's isokonezeka, zimatheka kuthetsa mimba kwa milungu isanu ndi iwiri.
Inde, chiopsezo cha kuperewera kwadzidzidzi - kubwezera kosangalatsa kwachidziwitso, makamaka ngati zikutanthauza kuti mwanayo ali bwino. Choncho, sikuti zonse zimathetsedwa pazochitika zoterezi. Pokhala ndi mwayi wochuluka, matenda a Down akhoza kuweruzidwa ndi zotsatira za kufufuza kwa ultrasound.
Kuchokera kwa mwana wosabadwa ndi Down syndrome
Zizindikiro za matenda a Down panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba zimakhala zovuta kudziwa ndi chithandizo cha ultrasound, popeza kuphunzira kotereku kumapereka kuzindikira kuti ndiyodalirika kokha mwachidziwikire matenda aakulu a matupi. Komabe, pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe adokotala angaganize kuti mwanayo ali ndi chromosome yowonjezera. Ndipo ngati panthawi yofufuzira mwanayo ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda a Down, kuphunzira kwawo palimodzi kudzawathandiza kuphatikizira chithunzi chofunikira ndikuzindikira trisomy 21 ndi mwinamwake.
Kotero, izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Kukulitsa khalala (kukula kwakukulu kwa khola la khola lachiberekero kapena kusungunuka kwa madzi osakanikirana kumbuyo kwa fetal khosi). Kawirikawiri, mankhwalawa sayenera kupitirira 2.5 mm kuti awerenge mmimba komanso 3 mm kuti ayese kupyolera pamtambo. Phunziroli likuchitidwa pa masabata 10-13;
- kutalika kwa mafupa a mphuno za mwana - kumatsimikiziridwa mu trimester yachiwiri. Hypoplasia wa mafupa amkati amapezeka m'mwana aliyense wa 2 ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome;
- chikhodzodzo chofutukuka;
- zochepa;
- Tachycardia yokwanira (zilonda zoposa 170 pamphindi);
- Kuphwanya maonekedwe a magazi m'matope oopsa.
Ngati mwapeza chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo pa ultrasound, izi sizikutanthauza kuti peresenti ya kubadwa kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a Down. Mukulimbikitsidwa kuti muyesedwe limodzi la mayesero a labotale omwe tawatchula pamwambapa, pamene mkazi kupyolera mu mimba pamimba amatenga zamoyo.
Ultrasound ndi yophunzitsa kwambiri pa nthawi ya masabata 12-14 - panthaŵi imeneyi katswiri angathe kuzindikira molondola kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo ndi thandizo kuti atenge zowonjezera zofunikira.
Kuyeza kwa matenda a Down - kulemba
Njira ina yodziwira matenda a Down's pregnancy ndi kachilombo ka magazi kamene mayi woyembekezera atengedwa kuchokera mu mitsempha. Kufufuza kwa amayi apakati a Down's syndrome kumaphatikizapo kutsimikiza kwa magazi ake a alfa-fetoproteins ndi hormone hCG.
Alfafetoprotein ndi mapuloteni omwe amapangidwa ndi feteni ya fetus. Ilo limalowa magazi a mkazi kudzera mu amniotic fluid. Ndipo mlingo wochepa wa mapuloteniwa ukhoza kusonyeza kukula kwa Down syndrome. Ndikofunika kwambiri kupenda izi pamasabata 16 mpaka 18.