Kodi kuwaza tomato ku matenda?

Mwamwayi, tomato timakonda akhoza kuonekera pa matenda osiyanasiyana pa ulimi, zomwe zimangowonjezera kufooketsa ndi kuchepetsa zokolola, koma ngakhale imfa ya zomera. Koma choopsa kwambiri n'chakuti matenda ena omwe amabwera ndi spores wa bowa amakhudza mabedi chaka ndi chaka. Ndicho chifukwa chake simungakhale pansi, ndipo muyenera kutenga zina kuti muteteze zomwe mungathe kuzikolola. Choncho, tidzakuuzani zomwe mungapange tomato ku matenda osiyanasiyana.

Phytophthora mu tomato

Kawirikawiri, pambuyo pa mvula yambiri, zimayambira, masamba ndi zipatso zosapsa zili ndi mawanga ofiira. Kotero imodzi mwa matenda owopsa kwambiri a phwetekere - phytophthora ikuwonetsedwa. Mwa mankhwala amtunduwu, timalangiza kuyesera kupopera mbewu mankhwala ndi phulusa yankho, yomwe imakonzedwa kuchokera ku 300 g ya mankhwala ndi 10 malita a madzi. Kwa izo mukhoza kuwonjezera 15-20 g wa sopo wosweka zovala. Zina mwa mankhwala atsopano kuchokera ku matenda, tomato ndi phytophthora ndi othandiza Phytofluorin-M, yomwe imadzipukutira m'madzi molingana ndi malangizo. Zotsatira zabwino pa zizindikiro zoyambirira za phytophthora zimaperekedwa ndi mankhwala "Oxihom". Mu chidebe cha madzi, mapiritsi awiri okha a mankhwalawa amatsitsidwa.

Leaf mold

Kawirikawiri chifukwa chokwera kwambiri m'mafilimu opanga mafilimu, mbande imapezeka ku nkhungu. Matendawa amawonetseredwa ndi maonekedwe a mkati mwa masamba a zomera za chida chofiirira cha mtundu wofiirira. Ngati tikulankhula za momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha motsutsana ndi matenda oterewa, kuphatikizapo kuuluka mobwerezabwereza ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuthirira mabedi, zimalimbikitsa kupopera ndi njira yapadera. Zimapangidwa kuchokera ku malita 10 a madzi, supuni imodzi ya sopo, ndi supuni imodzi ya mkuwa sulphate. Kuphatikiza apo, tomato nthawi zina amatha kuthiridwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mwachitsanzo, Chingwe, chimene supuni zitatu zimadzipiritsika mu 10 malita a madzi.

Vuto lozungulira

Vertex zowola, zomwe zimawoneka chifukwa chosoŵa chinyezi ndi calcium yochulukirapo, zimawonetseredwa ndi maonekedwe a zipatso za mdima wofiira kapena mawanga wakuda. Kuwonjezera kuthirira, phwetekere kupopera mbewu ku matenda amasonyezedwa. Mchere wamchere wamchere (10 malita a madzi a 15-20 g wa mankhwala) ndi abwino.

Mosaic

Pakajambula, pamene masamba a phwetekere aphatikizidwa, ndipo zipatsozo zimakhala ndi mawanga a chikasu, chikasu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pachifukwa ichi, njira yothetsera potassium permanganate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa matenda a phwetekere pamtunda. Zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku 1 g ya zinthu ndi chidebe cha madzi. Kumera mu wowonjezera kutentha kumalimbikitsidwa kupopera ndi yankho la mkaka wambiri. Madzi amodzi amakhala osakaniza ndi lita imodzi ya mkaka ndi supuni 1 ya urea. Kupopera mbewu kotereku kumachitika katatu masiku asanu ndi awiri.

Dry spotting

Dry spotting, kapena alternaria, ikhoza kusiyanitsidwa ndi mawanga akuda, pang'onopang'ono kukula kukula. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa makani. Mungathe kuthana ndi vutoli ngati mukuchita zowononga kapena mukamagwiritsira ntchito mabedi pa zizindikiro zoyamba. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa kuti musamalire phwetekere matenda monga Phytosporin-M, Readzol , Champion, Bravo. Pamene tchire timayamba kudwala kachilomboka, zomera zoyandikana nazo zimayambitsidwa ndi phwando la phwetekere, lomwe liri ndi katatu: monga chowongolera chamoyo, kukula kwa tizilombo komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Msolo wakuda

Ndi phesi lakuda, pamene ziwalo zonse za mmera zimadzazidwa ndi mawanga wakuda, njira zitatu zothetsera zimatchulidwa. Choyamba ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi chisakanizo cha msuzi pa anyezi ndi calcium nitrate . Mu lita imodzi msuzi kusungunuka 1-2 g wa saltpeter. Zotsatira zabwino ndizo mankhwala a mabedi ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (0,5 g amatengedwa pa lita imodzi ya madzi). Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu kwa tomato, Kupha fungicide kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. 40 g wa mankhwalawo amasungunuka mu chidebe cha madzi.