Funso la mahomoni omwe alipo, akhoza kubwera pamaso pa munthu pokhapokha atapezeka kapena kusowa kwa zinthu zogwira ntchitozi zidzatengera zotsatira za thanzi labwino. Zisanayambe, anthu ochepa amaganiza za mankhwalawa, omwe amakhalapo mthupi mochepa, koma kusewera kwambiri.
Kodi mahomoni ndi opangidwa kuti?
Kuti mumvetse zomwe ma hormone ali mwa anthu, muyenera kudziwa tanthauzo lawo ndi magawo awo. Izi ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri omwe amapangidwa mochepa kwambiri, koma izi ndi zokwanira kufunika kwake. Zinthuzo sizikhala motalika, zimayang'aniridwa ndi dongosolo lamanjenje ndi mankhwala ena, omwe, ngati kuli koyenera, amachititsa kapena kuchepetsa kupanga.
Mahomoni ochulukitsitsa amapangidwa ndi ziwalo zapadera - magalasi amkati kapena osokonezeka. Pamodzi ndi zonsezi ndi dongosolo logwirizana. Komanso, mahomoni amapangidwa ndi chiwindi, impso, placenta, GIT, maselo olemera. Zozizira za Hormonal:
- chithokomiro, chithokomiro cha adrenal, gland pitiriitary, epiphysis, hypothalamus, thymus (thymus gland) - mkati mwachinsinsi;
- mphukira , gonads (mayesero, mazira a m'mimba mwake) - kusungunuka kwapadera.
Kodi mahomoni ndi mitundu yanji:
- zochokera ku amino acid (adrenaline, norepinephrine);
- mapuloteni a polyunsaturated fatty acids (prostaglandins);
- peptides ( insulini , kukula hormone);
- steroids (cortisol).
Kodi mahomoni, amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Kutsekedwa kumapangidwira kuyendetsa njira za thupi - zikhoza kuyerekezedwa ndi makiyi omwe amayenda kudzera mu kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kake ndi "kutsegula zitseko" - yambani ntchitoyi. Ndi ntchito yotani yomwe yakhazikitsidwa mwa izi kapena motero kumadalira "kuyika" ndi kuchuluka kwa chinthu. Osati popanda chifukwa ndi liwu lachi Greek "hormone" limamasuliridwa kuti "kukopa" kapena "kukondweretsa".
Kodi mphamvu ya hormonal ndi yotani?
- kupereka zofunikira mu thupi;
- kulimbikitsa kapena kulepheretsa ntchito iliyonse ya thupi - mwachitsanzo, chitetezo chokwanira, kukula kwa minofu ndi mafupa;
- kulamulira ndi kayendedwe ka njira - mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa thupi, ukalamba, nthawi ya mimba ndi kubala;
- chikoka pamtima;
- Kukonzekera kwa thupi kwa zinthu zachilendo - kutha msinkhu, mimba;
- lamulo la chilakolako cha kugonana, chilakolako;
- zokopa kapena kuchepetsa kufa kwa maselo.
Kukula kwa mahomoni kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakunja ndi zamkati:
- chikhalidwe;
- thupi la thanzi;
- zotupa zopangira mahomoni;
- zilonda zamkati zamkati;
- kunenepa kwambiri kapena kuchepa;
- chilengedwe;
- nyengo;
- chisokonezo;
- zaka;
- zizoloŵezi zoipa - kusuta, kumwa mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
- amayi - mlendo wamwezi uliwonse, mimba, kusamuka kwa nthawi, nthawi yobereka pambuyo pake.
Mahomoni a gland adrenal
Zilonda za adrenal ndi mapira awiri omwe ali pamwamba pa impso. Ubongo, womwe uli mkati mwa gland adrenal, umatulutsa mahomoni opsinjika - adrenaline ndi norepinephrine. Ntchito yawo ndi kuonjezera chiwerengero cha kupweteka kwa mtima, kuonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuwonjezeka kwa kagayidwe ka magazi. Adrenal cortex imapanga magulu angapo a zinthu zomwe zimachititsa malo ambiri:
- mineralocorticoids - chinsinsi chokha cha gulu ili kulowa mu kayendedwe ka circulation - aldosterone - chimayang'anira kayendedwe ka mchere wa madzi;
- glucocorticoids - kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka kagayidwe kachakudya, kupitirira kwake kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri, chitukuko cha shuga, zilonda zam'mimba;
- androgens ndi estrogens - omwe ali ndi udindo pa kutha msinkhu, kukonzekera mimba ndi kubala kwa akazi, kupanga spermatozoa mwa amuna.
Mahomoni otchedwa Hormones
Chithokomiro cha pituitary ndi kachilombo kakang'ono, kukumbukira nyemba. Kodi ma hormone a pitujini ndi zinthu zotani zomwe zimapangidwa ndi posterior kapena loterior lobe wa gland, ndi udindo waukulu mwa ntchito za thupi mwa kulamulira ntchito ya ambiri gland mapuloteni. Pambuyo pake phokoso la pituitary secrete oxytocin, lomwe limapangitsa kuti chiberekero chikhale chopweteka pa nthawi ya ntchito, kupanga mkaka, ndi vasopressin, kulamulira diuresis.
Hormone yamatenda (lobe anterior) ya somatotropin imakhudza kukula kwa mafupa, minofu ndi ziwalo. Kusanthana kwa mahomoni - omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lizikhala ndi khungu, kamene kamayambitsa matenda, kachakudya. Kuonjezera apo, zinthu zakuthambo zomwe zimayambitsa:
- zokopa za zizindikiro za adrenal, chithokomiro ndi kugonana;
- kuchepetsa madzi;
- kusungidwa kwa minofu ya adipose ndi malo ake.
Mahomoni a hypothalamus
Hypothalamus ndilo pakatikati pa ubongo. Mahomoni a hypothalamus amachititsa kuti munthu asamachite izi: zilembo zimachepetsa ntchito yake, kumasula - kulimbikitsa. Zotsatira zake, zinsinsi izi zimakhudzanso chithokomiro, zilonda za adrenal, glands zogonana. Komanso, hypothalamus imapanga mahomoni oxytocin ndi vasopressin. Zochita za mahomoni ena a hypothalamus sizowonekera.
Mahomoni a zikondamoyo
Mphukirayi ndi chiwalo cha kusakanikirana, komwe kuli malo otchedwa retroperitoneal. Kuphatikiza pa kusungunuka, kapangidwe kameneka kamaphimba mavitamini a m'mimba, omwe ndi ofunika kuwonongeka kwa chakudya m'mimba. Mahomoni akuluakulu a zikondamoyo:
- insulini - imayambitsa mlingo wa shuga, kuyendetsa njira zogawidwa ndi kupatsana pakati pa ziwalo ndi ziwalo, kusowa kwa homoni kungayambitse matenda a shuga;
- c-peptide - imatenga mbali mu thupi lakumaga thupi, ngati homoni iyi ilibe vuto, shuga imatha kukhalanso;
- glucagon - imameta lipids, imalimbikitsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, normalizes cholesterol, imayambitsa kudzipiritsa kwa chiwindi, imayambitsa magazi;
- somatostatin - imalepheretsa kupanga mahomoni ena, mwachitsanzo, insulini, somatotropin, imaletsa mapangidwe a michere.
Mahomoni otentha a chithokomiro
Chithokomiro (dzina la mayiko onse - chithokomiro) chitsulo - chiwalo chomwe chimagwira ntchito mwakhama malamulo ndi kuyanjana kwa njira zomwe zimachitika m'ziwalo zonse za anthu. Icho chimatchedwa "violin yaikulu" mu gulu la oimba la zizindikiro zosiyana siyana mu thupi. Mukafunsidwa kuti mahomoni a chithokomiro ndi otani, mukhoza kuyankha m'mawu amodzi - uwu ndi moyo, popanda iwo kugwira ntchito kwa thupi sikutheka.
Thanzi la chithokomiro linaphunzitsidwa ndi madokotala omwe anakhalapo zaka mazana ambiri apitawo, ndipo kale anawona kudalira kwa kukula kwake pa kuchuluka kwa ayodini komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuonjezera apo, kukula ndi thanzi la thupi kumadalira makamaka zaka, kugonana, nyengo, malo okhala, zakudya zakudya, kukhalapo kapena kusakhala ndi zizoloŵezi zoipa, ma radioactive, ndi kumwa mankhwala ena.
Mahomoni akuluakulu a chithokomiro ndi triiodothyronine (ali ndi ma molecule atatu a iodine) ndi tetraiodothyronine kapena thyroxine (muli ma molecule 4 a iodine), omwe ali ndi T3 ndi T4. Mu thupi, T4 imasinthidwa kukhala T3, yomwe ndi yomwe imayambitsa njira zamagetsi. Ndi zakudya zowonjezereka za ayodini, kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni a chithokomi amatha. Kuonjezera apo, ayodini amafunikanso kuti apangidwe zinthu zina zofunika - dopamine, adrenaline. Kutulutsa mahomoni a chithokomiro kumayendetsedwa ndi hypothalamus ndi ululu wa pituitary, komanso ubongo.
Zotsatira za mahomoni a chithokomiro:
- kuonjezera kutentha kwa thupi;
- kuchitidwa kwa kaphatikizidwe ka maselo a mapuloteni kumanga maselo atsopano;
- Kukula kwa kukula kwa thupi, kutha msinkhu ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo la mantha ndi ubongo;
- Kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka kagayidwe ka shuga, kuwonjezeka kwa mlingo wa shuga chifukwa cha mapangidwe a amino acid ndi mafuta;
- kutsekemera kwa mafuta akuyaka kuchokera kumadzi;
- mapangidwe a magazi particles - erythrocytes.
Mahomoni a parathyroid
Gulu la parathyroid lili pambuyo pa chithokomiro, ndipo lili ndi matupi angapo osiyana-siyana - kuyambira 2 mpaka 6. Mahomoni a parathyroid ndiwo amachititsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino (hormone ya parathyroid) komanso imakhala m'magazi a calcium (hormone ya parathyroid). Gulu la parathyroid lili ndi mapulogalamu, ndipo kuchepa kwa kashiamu kumatulutsa kutuluka kwa hormone ya parathyroid, ndipo kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizizizira m'magazi ndipo limachepetsanso njira yochotsera.
Mahomoni a gonads
Mahomoni amtundu wa amuna ndi akazi amadziwitsa mbali zonse zokhudzana ndi kubadwa kwa mwana: kutha msinkhu, kupanga spermatozoa ndi mazira, mimba, lactation ndi zina zotero. Estrogens ndi androgens zimapangidwa ndi njira yomweyi, koma zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Kodi mahomoni ndi abambo otani pakupanga thupi lachikazi:
- Pogwiritsa ntchito mahomoni otha msinkhu, atsikana amayamba kukhala ndi estrogen ndi progesterone.
- Mahomoni aakazi amachititsa kuti chikhalidwe chachiwerewere chiyambike komanso kuyamba kusamba, kukonzekera thupi la mkazi kuti akhale ndi mimba ndi kubala.
Kodi mahomoni amphongo ndi gawo lawo mu thupi lachimuna:
- Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana akatha msinkhu, anyamata amayamba kupanga mahomoni amphongo, omwe amodzi ndi a testosterone.
- Mahomoni amphongo amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi chilakolako chachiwerewere cha amuna - kukula kwa thupi molingana ndi mtundu wamwamuna, kutsekemera kwa mawu, kukula kwa ziwalo za thupi, kukula kwa tsitsi ndi nkhope, kupanga spermatozoa.
Momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa mahomoni?
Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa msampha, muyenera kuyankhulana ndi munthu wina yemwe amatha kudziwa kuti ali ndi vuto kapena kuperewera kwakukulu ndikupereka mankhwala okwanira. Njira yolondola komanso yodalirika kwambiri yodziwira kuti mumakhala ndi ma hormone ndikutenga magazi. Kuti zotsatirazi zikhale zolondola, nkofunika kutsatira malangizo a dokotala musanayese yesero - mipanda ina ya zitsanzo zimatengedwa m'mawa popanda chopanda kanthu, ena - mkati mwa maola 24.
Kodi kulephera kwa mahomoni ndi kotani?
Chinthu chothandizira munthu wodwala matenda opatsirana pogonana angakhale ndi kulephera kwa mahomoni ndiko kusokoneza ntchito ya onse otchedwa endocrine system. Zotsatira zopweteka zimakhala ndi kusowa ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni. Chifukwa cha izi ndi zifukwa zingapo, popeza ntchito yoyenera ya endocrine ndiyo zotsatira za kugwirizana kovuta pakati pa mapulogalamu a mitsempha ndi mapuloteni a endocrine.
Zizindikiro za kulephera kwa mahomoni zingakhale:
- kulemera kapena kulemera;
- kusintha kwa chilakolako ndi kudya;
- kusabereka, kulephera kwa akazi;
- kufooka kwakukulu, kutopa kwakukulu;
- kuda nkhawa;
- kumangiriza mu kukumbukira;
- kupwetekedwa mtima, kupweteka mutu, kupanikizika;
- Kusasinthasintha kosasinthasintha kumasintha, kuzunza, kukhumudwa;
- kukula kwa tsitsi;
- zovuta mu ntchito ya m'mimba;
- Kuwonongeka kwa khungu ndi tsitsi - maonekedwe a ziphuphu, kuthamanga.