Nthawi zambiri mawu oti "barbiturates" amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala onse omwe alipo. Ndipotu, ndizofunikira kokha gulu lina la njira. Mndandanda wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi waukulu. Ngakhale kuti mankhwala a gululi ali ndi zotsutsana zambiri ndi zotsatira zake, nthawizina popanda thandizo, ndizosatheka kuthetsa.
Njira yogwirira ntchito ya barbiturates
Mafutawa amapangidwa pa maziko a barbituric acid. Iwo anapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazo. Pakalipano, kuchokera ku mankhwala opitirira 2,000 omwe amadziwika kuti akugulitsa angakhale osaposa khumi ndi awiri. Amafotokozedwa ndi mankhwala olemetsa kwambiri.
Mabala a barbiturates ali ndi mphamvu zowononga, analgesic ndi hypnotic effect. Zoonadi, mankhwala ambiri a gulu la barbiturate amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala - ndithudi. Zoona zake n'zakuti mankhwala amachititsa kuti mantha asokonezeke, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
Zochita za barbiturates zikhoza kuyerekezedwa ndi momwe thupi limayendera mowa: poyamba, nthawi yachisangalalo ndi chisangalalo (malingana ndi lamulo ladziko ndi chikhalidwe cha umoyo waumunthu, siteji iyi ikhoza kutha kwa maminiti angapo mpaka maola awiri kapena atatu), atatha-tulo tofa nato, pambuyo pake akuvutika maganizo dziko losweka.
The pharmacokinetics pafupifupi pafupifupi barbiturates ali ofanana. Zinthu zowonongeka zimakhala mofulumira kwambiri ndipo zimangowonjezera ziwalo za m'mimba. Mu ziwalo zina, kufotokozera mwachinsinsi sikuchitika. Kwenikweni, zimbudzi zimatulutsidwa kuchoka ku thupi ndi impso, koma pakakhala mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala, katundu waukulu amagwera pachiwindi.
Mankhwala amasiyana pakutha kwachitapo. Oyenerera amasankhidwa malingana ndi vuto. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, wodwala wina athandizidwa kuti azikhala pansi pafupipafupi (mpaka maola asanu ndi limodzi), pomwe wina adzamva zotsatira zokhazokha kuchokera ku mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri.
Mankhwala ambiri ochokera mndandanda wa ma barbiturates amalembedwa m'mabuku otsatirawa:
- ndi kupweteka ndi kupweteka;
- kuthana ndi vuto;
- ndi matenda amanjenje;
- pokonzekera anesthesia;
- chifukwa cha kusowa tulo .
Kudyetsa koyambirira kwa ma barbiturates kumawonjezera zotsatira za mankhwala a anesthesia ndi mankhwala opweteka. Mukhoza kumwa mankhwala ngati mapiritsi kapena ufa, kaya intravenously kapena intramuscularly. Zina mwa mankhwalawa amaloledwa kulowa mwadongosolo. Koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zojambulidwa mu thupi mwathunthu.
Mabotolo - amawakhudza bwanji?
Ziribe kanthu momwe ziwonekere zodabwitsa, mayina a mankhwala ambiri omwe amadziwika ngati barbiturates amvekedwa tsopano. Mwinamwake, munayenera kumva za mankhwala monga:
- Phenobarbital;
- Chosowa;
- Heckobarbital;
- Butisol;
- Alurat ndi ena.
Mankhwala ambiri pazndandandazi ndizochita nthawi yaitali. Mphamvu mu thupi, imayambira pambuyo pa kotala la ora (ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale pang'ono) mutatenga.
Mndandanda wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri omwe amamwa mankhwalawa angaphatikizepo mankhwala awa:
- Ethanamine ya sodium;
- Chitseko;
- Talbutal;
- Metarbital;
- Kutulutsa;
- Barbamyl;
- Methylphenobarbital;
- Sodium;
- Fiorinal;
- Nembutal;
- Lozatus;
- Allobarbital ndi ena.
Muzochita zamankhwala, ma barbiturates amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga:
- Wosachedwa;
- Chithunzi;
- Brevital.
Gulani zonse zomwe zakonzedwa pamwambapa popanda mankhwala mu pharmacies omwe analembetsa kale ndizosatheka. Ngati ndi kotheka, angapezeke kuchokera kwa dokotala yemwe akupezekapo.