Kuphatikizana mwachidwi ndi njira yomwe pulogalamu imalandiridwa ndi dongosolo la mitsempha kuchokera ku zovomerezeka za mphamvu zonse. Masiku ano, ana ambiri amabadwa ndi zolemala zachitukuko. Matenda osokoneza maganizo angawoneke ngati khalidwe lowononga ndi zowawa zamaganizo (zowawa, amatsenga ).
Njira yogwirizanitsa
Lingaliro lophatikizana logwirizana ndi chizolowezi chimayambira pa zaka 90. XX century, kwa nthawi yoyamba njirayi inayamba kupangidwa ndi katswiri wa zachipatala wa ku California E. D. Iris, yemwe anagwira ntchito ndi ana ndi akulu omwe ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a ubongo. Njirayi ndiyo kulamulira kwa zochitika zomwe zimaperekedwa kuchokera ku dziko loyandikana kupyolera mu masewera, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zomwe zimakhudza maso, zooneka, zachibadwa, zozungulira za mwana kapena wamkulu.
Cholinga cha njira yogwirizana
Kuphatikizana mwachidwi kwa ana kumathandiza kupereka ubongo kudziwa zofunikira zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe ndi zochitika zina zomwe zimakhudza machitidwe a munthu. Masewera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala amachititsa mwanayo kumverera kwatsopano, kuyerekezera kumachitika ndipo njira yothandizira yachisokonezo chokhudzidwa ndi dongosolo loyamba la mitsempha limayamba.
Zotsatira za njira yogwirizana
Musanayambe kulingalira zabwino za njirayi, munthu ayenera kumvetsa mfundo zogwirizana:
- Ntchito yokwanira yozizwitsa ndi yofunikira pa chitukuko ndi kuphunzira kwa mwanayo.
- Cholinga chachikulu cha mwanayo, kudziŵa luso lovuta pogonjetsa mavuto, chidwi mmakolomu - amapereka mwayi waukulu wopambana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.
- Wothandizira amatsatira mwanayo pa chitukuko chake.
- Kusankha mosamalitsa makalasi ndi zotsatira pa dongosolo la maganizo.
- Ntchito zomwe wodwalayo akufuna kuti athetse mwanayo ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zake.
Ubwino wa njirayi:
- kukhulupirika kwa njira yochiritsira (njira zonse zokhudzidwa zimakhudzidwa);
- Pali kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wogwirizana pakati pa makolo ndi mwana;
- mwanayo amayamba kudziimira payekha ndikuchita zinthu ndi zinthu;
- oyenera ana omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira komanso matenda osokoneza ubongo;
- mu zovuta za ubongo waumphawi popanda njira sizingathe kuperekedwa ndi, zimathandizira kusasitsa kwa machitidwe ovuta kumva.
Kuipa kwa njira yogwirizana
Katswiri wothandizira mgwirizano pa gawo loyambirira amatsogolera mwanayo, akulemba kusintha konse, koma m'tsogolomu, izi ndizochitali chokhachi chomwe chiyenera kuthandizidwa ndi makolo, motero n'kofunika kuti aphunzire zofunikira za njirayi ndikupitiriza kuthana ndi mwanayo. Kuphatikizana mwachidwi - zopeputsa njirayi:
- Sikoyenera kwa ana omwe ali ndi zolepheretsa zazing'ono;
- Sikuti nthawi zonse mwanayo amaphunzira luso lofunikanso;
- mwanayo, atalandira chidziwitso chokhudza kuyanjana ndi zinthu, thupi lake liyenera kudzigwirizanitsa pamodzi izi, phunzirani kulingalira, zomwe sizigwira ntchito nthawi zonse.
Ntchito yogwirizanitsa maselo
"Kuphatikizana mwachidwi mu zokambirana" - buku la alangizi a mphamvu zamagetsi a ku Germany a U. Kisling limathandiza kuzindikira vuto la mwanayo, kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa ndi kukonza chisokonezo chakumverera m'nthaŵi. Kuphatikizana mwachidwi ndi njira yambiri yomwe imathetsera mavuto angapo kamodzi, kotero ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'madera otsatirawa:
- chosokoneza;
- chiwonongeko;
- mankhwala;
- chithandizo;
- chisokonezo;
- kukonzanso;
- ntchito yophunzitsa.
Njira yogwirizanitsa ndikulankhulana
Kusokoneza maganizo pakati pa ana, kufotokozedwa kwa olankhula malingaliro olemba opaleshoni ndi olemba matchulidwe abwino amakonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yogwirizanitsa. Pachifukwa ichi kusungirako mapiritsi ndi ma lattic ndi zithunzi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Wotanthauzira mawu amamuuza mwanayo kuti apeze machesi pakati pa zithunzi, kufuula mokweza, kapena kupeza zinyama dzina la C, W, ndi R consonants zomwe zikukumana nazo. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu zakuthupi kumakhudza mwanayo ndipo kumayambitsa chisokonezo chachiwiri.
Kugwirizana kovomerezeka mu autism
Kulimbikitsana ndi kugwirizana kwa autism ndi imodzi mwa njira zambiri, mphamvu zake sizinaphunzire mokwanira pamene zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a autism spectrum. Kuphatikizana koyenera kwa odwala autistic kuyenera kuchitidwa kokha pokhapokha zifukwa zazikulu za matendawa zadziwika kapena zotsatira zake zidzawonongedwa. Ntchito ya njira yogwirizanitsa ndikutchepetsanso kugonjetsa komanso kumasuka.
Kuphatikizana mwachidwi kwa ana omwe ali ndi ubongo wodwalayo
Kulephera kuyanjana kwa ana omwe ali ndi ubongo waumphawi ndiko kusakhwima kwa machitidwe onse okhudzidwa ndi kusakhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mogwira mtima mphamvu kuti athe kuyankha zozizwitsa zowonekera, kotero akatswiri ali ndi vuto la kuzindikira, khalidwe ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwe zimapatsa kupeza mayankho akuluakulu:
- hammocks;
- osungunula omangika;
- mapolisi owonekera;
- malonda;
- dziwe ndi mipira.
Kuphatikizana mwachidwi - zochita
Kulephera kwa kuphatikizana kwa mwana kumawoneka ndi makolo ndi okondedwa monga zozizwitsa, zokhumudwitsa komanso kuwonongeka popanda kudziwa kuti mwana wawo amafunikira thandizo. Kulephera kosavuta kungakonzedwe ndi machitidwe opanga cholinga chokhazikitsa dongosolo lapadera kapena maulendo angapo kamodzi, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi kayendedwe kogwirizana ndi kayendetsedwe kake kuti pali kusintha.
Kuphatikizana mwachidziwitso - zochitika zolimbikitsa kukula:
- Pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mudzafunikira zida zamapulasitiki zopanda kanthu, ma diski oyendayenda, mafuta onunkhira, zipatso ndi zipatso zina. Mafuta a aromo amatengedwa poganizira kukhalapo kwa zipatso ndi zipatso, mwachitsanzo, mafuta a lalanje ndi chidutswa cha lalanje, mafuta a mandimu ndi kagawo ka mandimu - zokometsera ziyenera kudziwika kwa mwanayo. Pamwamba pa thonje kuti mugwetse mafuta ochepa ndi kuika mu chidebe, chitani izi ndi mafuta onunkhira, ndipo muziikapo patebulo zipatso ndi zipatso zofanana ndi zonunkhirazo. Mwanayo amaphimbidwa khungu, amaikidwa patebulo ndikupatsidwa chithunzithunzi cha mafuta, kenaka amapeza zakudya zofanana pa tebulo, poyang'ana fungo.
- "Thandizani nyani!". Mu magalasi amaika chakudya: zidutswa za mkate, masamba, zipatso ndi magalasi ena (sopo, zonunkhira, mankhwala opangira mano, dongo). Ana amaphimbidwa m'maso ndipo amapereka kuthandiza monkey mothandizidwa ndi "mphuno" kuti adziwe kuti muli ndi makapu chakudya, komanso kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe simukuzidziwa.
Zochita zolimbitsa masomphenya:
- obvodenie contours za phunzirolo;
- kukoka chinthu (kukopera);
- kusakaniza mitundu;
- kujambula ndi zojambula zala.
Kuphatikizana mwachidwi ndi kulankhula ndizochita:
- kutsanzira mkokomo wa tizilombo (njuchi, udzudzu);
- Kuwombera lilime (mokweza, mwakachetechete);
- kuthana ndi kayendetsedwe ka milomo;
- kuimba vowel A-A-A-A-A ndi pakamwa poyera, yaitali ndi M-M-MM-M ndi milomo yotsekedwa.
Kuphatikizana mwachidwi - zochitika zothandizira kumva:
- Kukambirana kwa nyimbo (wamkulu akugogoda, mwanayo akubwereza), mungagwiritse ntchito zikho, matabwa, mabotolo a pulasitiki;
- kuimba nyimbo. Kuyambira ndi mwana wosavuta ndi wodziwa bwino, munthu wamkulu amamvetsera kachidule kakang'ono ka nyimbo, mwanayo akubwereza.
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zakuthupi:
- Masewera ndi tirigu ndi katundu wambiri (pasitala, nyemba);
- mchenga;
- kuyenda opanda nsapato pa miyala, masiketi apadera a misala.
Zida zogwirizana
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zimapangidwa pa zipangizo zapadera, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zotetezeka kwa mwana, zokongola komanso zowala. Mankhwala othandiza komanso kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zotsatirazi:
- simulator ya cerebellar stimulation (kulinganitsa) - yapangidwa kwa ana omwe ali ndi mavuto ndi kugwirizana, luso lamagalimoto;
- Njira zothandizila - njira zosiyana siyana zimakhala ndi kulingalira;
- zowonongeka zozizwitsa za mitundu yosiyanasiyana - zimayaka mumdima ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zochitika za mwana, zooneka ndi zooneka bwino zitheke.
- Bizybordy - yokonzedweratu ndi dongosolo la Montessori, ndi matabwa omwe ali ndi mabatani ambiri, zokopa, zovala zogwirira ntchito, zikopa zimakhala zokongola kwa ana, amapanga malingaliro, luso lamagetsi komanso luso labwino.
- Mabulangete olemera ndi mapiritsi otsekemera - athandize ana oopsa kuti azigonjetsa ndi kugona, mwanayo akumva zotsatira zomwe amamukumbatira.
Kuphatikizana mwachidwi - maphunziro
Maphunziro ophatikizana amachitidwa ku Austria Association ndi South-Californian University ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg. Maphunzirowa ali ndi ma modules 3, okhala ndi maola 144. Maphunzirowa akulimbikitsidwa kuti azitha kulankhula, opectologists, odwala matenda a m'maganizo ndi odwala matenda a maganizo. Kutalika kwa maphunziro ndi maora 144, ndipo pomaliza kukwanilitsa kalata yothandizira maphunziro.