Dzina lakuti "art therapy" latembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Latin monga "chithandizo chamakono". Malowa a psychotherapy ali aang'ono, koma akukula mwamsanga chifukwa cha zotsatira zomwe zimachitika panthawi yachipatala. Lili ndi mitundu yambiri ndi subspecies, yomwe imatsegulira mwayi waukulu wochotsa mavuto a maganizo .
Kodi chithandizo chamakono ndi chiyani?
Poyambirira, inali pafupi ndi chithunzi cha chithunzi, chomwecho, chithandizo cha zojambulajambula, koma kenaka chinawonekera mitundu ina yowongoka - kuyimba, kuvina, kuchita, kuwonetsera, ndi ena, zomwe zimathandiza munthu kuti asamasuke komanso kusokoneza ntchito zofunika, komanso kuti adziŵe okha , mkati mwake "I", motero kuchotsa zovuta zake ndi kutsutsana, kusintha maganizo, kugwirizana ndi maganizo. Chithandizo cha mankhwala sichikhala ndi zotsatira zosafunikira ndipo sizimayambitsa kukana mwa munthu, chifukwa panthawiyi ndondomeko yokhayo ndi yofunikira, osati zotsatira.
Kodi chithandizo chamakono mu psychology ndi chiyani?
Lingaliro limeneli linayambitsidwa ndi dokotala wina wa ku Britain ndi adrian Hill Adrian Hill, yemwe ankagwira ntchito ndi odwala TB komanso anaona kuti kujambula kumawathandiza kulimbana ndi matendawa. Chithandizo cha mankhwala mu psychology chinagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse poyerekezera ndi ana omwe anatulutsidwa ku ndende zozunzirako anthu. Lero likuchitidwa mwa mawonekedwe a munthu aliyense ndi gulu. Chithandizo chamakono chikhoza kuchitidwa, ngakhale popanda kuchoka panyumba, kugula chojambulajambula, chokonzedwa ndi Joanna Busford.
Zolinga zamagetsi
Kupita kuchipatala ndi luso, kasitomala amadziwa kudzidziwa, kudzidzimva yekha ndi kudzifufuza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwirizana. Thandizo ndi luso limalimbikitsa kusintha maganizo ndi maganizo, kuchepetsa nkhawa, kuthetsa mantha ndi phobias, kukwiya, nkhawa, kusasamala, kukhumudwa, kusintha moyo ndi maganizo.
Kuwonjezera pa kugwirizana maganizo a katswiri wamaganizo ndi zochitika za chithandizo chamakono, ntchito zotsatirazi zikutsatiridwa:
- Kuwonetsera kuthekera kwa munthu, luso lake ndi luso lake.
- Limbikitsani kuchira matenda ambiri.
- Pangani mgwirizano pakati pa wodwalayo ndi wothandizira, kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wodalirika pakati pawo.
- Thandizani wodwalayo kuganizira zochitika zamkati ndikuphunzira kuthetsa maganizo awo.
- Thandizani munthu kuti asinthe maganizo ake.
- Limbikitsani kufotokoza maganizo ndi malingaliro awo kuti munthu sangathe kapena sakufuna kufotokoza mwachizolowezi.
Kodi ubwino wa chithandizo chamakono ndi uti?
Chithandizo cha mankhwala chimakhudza malingaliro mwachikondi, mosagwirizana, chifukwa njira yothandizira yokha imakhala yofanana ndi zokondweretsa. Kawirikawiri wodwalayo ali ndi vuto lopanikizika ndipo zimakhala zovuta kukhazikitsa kuyankhulana, ndipo mwayi wa chithandizo chamakono umalola munthu kuti afotokoze "I" kudzera muzojambula. Njira yothandizira imeneyi imachokera ku mfundo yakuti zomwe zili mkati mwa "ego" wodwalayo zimasonyezedwa mu zithunzi zomwe akujambula panthawi yomwe amajambula, kukoka, kuvina kapena kuimba, zomwe zimapangitsa mgwirizano wa psyche kukhala wogwirizana.
Chithandizo chotero sichimayambitsa kasitomala kukana kapena kukana, chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto. Nthawi zonse ndimadzipereka komanso mwachangu. Pokonzekera zochitika zamkati pa chilengedwe chake, munthu samadziwa kuti amadziwa kupita kunja. Ngati tilingalira njirayi kuchokera pakuganiza za psychoanalysis, ndiye njira yake yayikulu ndi kugonjera. Kupyolera mu zithunzi ndi zojambula zojambula, chidziwitso chimagwirizana ndi chidziwitso, ndipo wothandizira amathandiza wodwala kumvetsa zomwe "sakudziwa" kwake.
Mitundu ya mankhwala ojambula
Njira imeneyi ndi yowonjezera chidwi, yomwe imapanga zofunikira zowonjezera malire ake ndi kuyambika kwa "zipangizo" zonse zatsopano za zamankhwala. Njira zothandizira mafilimu ndizo:
- isoterapy - kujambula ndi kujambula;
- mankhwala amtundu - munthuyo amavomereza kuwala kwa masikelo osiyanasiyana;
- mankhwala oimba, omwe amamvetsera nyimbo zosiyanasiyana;
- chithandizo cha mchenga - kujambula ndi mchenga;
- chithandizo cha kanema - kumatanthauza kujambula vidiyo yomwe msilikaliyo akuonetsa vuto lomwelo;
- chithandizo cha masewera - pakuchita masewerawa ntchito zofunikira za maganizo zimapangidwa;
- bibliotherapy - njira iyi imagwiritsira ntchito mabuku pofuna kulandira mawu;
- skazkoterapiyu - nkhani ya nthano, kusanthula ntchito zomwe zilipo kale;
- Maskoterapiju - chithunzi chowonekera cha nkhope ya wodwalayo chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kulola kuti atsogolere zowawa ndi zochitika mu njira yoyenera;
- dramatherapy, ndiko, kusewera, kusewera chiwembu;
- chithunzi - kujambula, kupanga ma collages;
- chithandizo chamatenda - kuvina;
- Zojambulajambula - zimaphatikizapo kujambula, kutsimikizira, kujambula, mtundu, maski, phototherapy, ndi zina.
Mankhwala othandiza akazi
Pa moyo wamakono, pamene anthu akhala akulimbikitsidwa nthawi zonse, chithandizo chamakono chimathandiza iwo kumvetsetsa okha, malo awo m'moyo ndi kupeza njira zokhuza zikhumbo zawo. Chithandizo chamakono kwa akuluakulu chimapereka mpata wolimbitsa mphamvu zawo, kupeza kudzidalira ndi mtendere wa m'maganizo. Kupyolera mu zithunzi zojambulajambula, chithunzi cha moyo wa munthu chimapangidwa - mtundu wa munthu amene akufuna kuwona.
Chithandizo chamakono kwa okalamba
Malangizo a chithandizo nthawi zonse amasankhidwa ndi katswiri, opatsidwa zovuta za mtundu uliwonse wa chidziwitso. Ndipo ngati achinyamata ali oyenerera kusewera masewero owonetsera masewera kapena kuvina, ndiye kuti chithandizo cha okalamba chimaphatikizapo kusankha modzichepetsa komanso njira zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito, ndipo palibe luso lapadera lomwe likufunikira. Pogwira ntchito ndi okalamba ndikofunika kulimbikitsa munthu kuyamba ndi kuyesetsa kukwaniritsa zotsatira zake. Ichi ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri, chifukwa anthu ambiri a m'badwo uno sakhulupirira kuti ali ndi mphamvu, kupatula iwo amaganiza kuti izi zimafuna taluso yapadera.
Mankhwala othandiza
Pali njira zambiri zothetsera mavuto anu. Nawa ena mwa iwo:
- Mukamagwira ntchito ndi mwana, pemphani kuti ayambe kuchita mantha. Kuopseza kunabwereranso, izo ziyenera kukhala zosangalatsa ndi zoseketsa. Mwachitsanzo, kukoka uta wa ng'ona, ndi galu woipa mapiko a pinki.
- Njira zothandizira mafilimu zimaphatikizapo masewero olimbitsa thupi otchedwa "Kalyaki Malyaki". Wodwalayo akuitanidwa kuti atenge zachabechabe, kenako pang'anani mosamala ndikusankha chithunzi chopindulitsa, kukopera iye, kukoka, ndikulongosola chithunzicho.
- Njira zothandizira mafilimu zimaphatikizapo njira ya "collage". M'nkhani ya mutu wapatsidwa, guluu, kujambulira ndi kujambula pa pepala chilichonse. Kufufuzidwa kumaphatikizapo kulingalira kukula ndi malo a zinthu, mtundu, chiwembu, mgwirizano, ndi zina zotero.
Mabuku pa chithandizo chamakono
Mankhwala omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chodziwonetsera ali okhudzana ndi ntchito zotsatirazi:
- "Njira zothandizira zojambulajambula" A.I. Kopytina . Chothandizira chothandizira kuthana ndi kuvulala kosiyanasiyana ndi zoledzeretsa.
- "Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochizira: njira, machitidwe, machitidwe" L.D. Lebedevoy . Wolemba mu mawonekedwe ophweka ndi opindulitsa amapereka tsatanetsatane wa njira zothandizira ukatswiri, amalembetsa zonse zofunika pa izi, akufotokoza njira zoganizira.
- "Mankhwala odziwonetsera okha" Ndi chimphepo . Bukhuli limatchula njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira zogwiritsa ntchito luso ndi luso.