Kuwonetsa kusadziletsa komanso kukhumudwa kwambiri, kuchitidwa mantha, misonzi ndi kulira nthawi zina sikungokhala khalidwe lopanda pake komanso zovuta. Zizindikirozi sizisonyezo zokhazokha zomwe zimakhudza anthu a msinkhu uliwonse komanso onse awiri.
Kodi chiyeso ndi chiyani?
Matenda a m'maganizo a kuuma mopepuka komanso mopitirira malire ndizovuta. Ndi matenda osadziwika a zachipatala, omwe amalingaliro ambiri amalingaliro ndi umoyo amafanana. Kwa nthawi yayitali, hysteria ankawoneka kuti ndi matenda a mkazi, ndipo chifukwa chake chinawoneka "kumasula" ndi "kuyendayenda" kuzungulira chiberekero, chomwe, ndithudi, sichigwirizana ndi chenicheni. Koma kuchokera apa panali dzina lotchuka la matendawa - "chiwewe cha chiberekero".
Hysteria in Psychology
Kwa nthawi yoyamba matenda a hysteria anafotokozedwa ndi Hippocrates, ndiye Plato analankhula za izo, pofotokoza kuti ndi "chiwewe" chomwe chiberekero chimatha, chosakhoza kutenga. Anakhulupilira kuti mawonetseredwe a matenda m'mabambo sangatheke. Masiku ano mawu amatanthauzidwa ngati nthenda yomwe imachokera kwa munthu wokhala ndi makhalidwe abwino. Zochita zake zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kukhudzidwa, nthawi zambiri zimakopeka ndi kusinthasintha, osati ndi nzeru. Anthu amatsenga amayamba kutsindika kuti ali okhaokha komanso amasonyeza makhalidwe oipa.
Matendawa amachititsa kuti mawonetseredwe amtundu wambiri awonongeke. Chikhalidwe cha matendawa ndi matenda a magalimoto ndi maonekedwe, maganizo a wodwalayo. Anthu osadziwika ndi amodzi, ophweka mosavuta, owonetserana ndi okonda zachikondi, okhulupirira zowonongeka. Amasonyeza kuwonjezereka kwazinthu ndi kuzinena kwa ena, koma osati kwa iwo okha.
Hysteria pa Freud
Chidziwitso cha matenda a psychostalysis Zygmund Freud ankawonekeratu ndikusanthula, zomwe zimamuphatikiza ngati nthenda komanso kumusiyanitsa ndi phobia. Anapereka chithandizo chachikulu pakuphunzira za matendawa ndipo anatsimikizira kuti zingatheke kuti apite patsogolo. Malingana ndi Freud, kukhumudwa kumachitika chifukwa chakuti munthu amasuntha chikumbukiro chosamvetsetseka chifukwa cha chidziwitso, koma sichitha. Zomwe zimachitika zimapangidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa chisangalalo. Chotsani matenda a hysterical, mungathe kuthandizidwa ndi psychoanalysis.
Maganizo - Zimayambitsa
Osati kokha kunja koma komanso zinthu zamkati zingayambitse matenda, koma pamtima wamanyazi nthawi zonse amakhala ndi makhalidwe a munthu. Munthu wofooketsa kwambiri, amakhala ndi matenda ambiri. Matendawa amayamba pambuyo pa mikangano ndi neuropsychic overstrain. Kugonjetsedwa kwa chiyeso kungayambitse zinthu monga:
- kuvulala;
- kukhutira thupi;
- matenda ena;
- kusakhutira ndi ntchito;
- zovuta m'banja;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mosagwiritsidwa ntchito kosokoneza bongo komanso kusokoneza.
Mitundu yachisokonezo
Sigmund Freud mu ntchito zake zoganizira zosiyana siyana, ndi mtundu wanji wa chisokonezo. Iye adatchula mitundu iwiri ya matendawa: chiopsezo cha mantha ndi kutembenuka mtima. Poyamba, wodwalayo samagonjetsa phobia (lero matendawa amatchedwa phobic neurosis). Kusamala kumawuka motsutsana ndi chifuniro cha munthu. Kutembenuka kwa hysteria kumayesedwa ndi kuyesayesa kwa wodwalayo kuti athe kulimbana ndi vuto lake, kutanthauzira kusamvana kwachilendo ku zizindikiro za thupi. Pazochitika zonsezi, mbali yaikulu ya chitukuko cha matendawa ndikuteteza ku zochitika zamkati ndi kusamvana ndi chizunzo.
Matenda ndi zizindikiro
Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ambiri - kwa zaka mazana ambiri, chifukwa chake chinkayesa "kuyendayenda" m'chiberekero cha thupi. Chizindikirochi sichimveka mpaka lero, ndipo sizomveka kuzindikira matendawa. Zisonyezero zotsatirazi za chiwonongeko ndizofunikira:
- zovuta, khalidwe lopangira, masewera a anthu;
- chisokonezo;
- Kufunikira chidwi, chilimbikitso ndi kuvomereza ena;
- kusokoneza maganizo kwa anthu ena ndi kusokoneza maganizo;
- nosophilia (kukana kubwezeretsa);
- kudzidzimva nokha ndikuwonetsa;
- kusowa chidwi ndi zofuna, kusakhazikika kwa munthu aliyense.
Matendawa amatsimikiziridwa ngati pali zizindikiro zitatu kapena zambiri. Ngakhale kuti chikhalidwe chonse chosadziwika chimaoneka ngati chiwonetsero chowonetsa. Kufuula, kuseka ndi misonzi, kufooka, kusamva, kugwedezeka, kuwonjezeka kwa kugonana - zonsezi zinali zizindikiro zowonjezera matenda. Pambuyo pake matendawa anayamba kusanduka mitundu yambiri yazinthu: Freud's, somatoform ndi mavuto a umunthu.
Matenda azimayi - zizindikiro
Afooka omwe ali ofooka amakhala okhumudwa kwambiri, makamaka amayamba kutengeka ndi maganizo komanso kusokonezeka maganizo. Palinso matenda oterewa monga hysteria musanayambe kusamba, pamene akazi amayamba kuvutika maganizo ndi kukhala oyera komanso osakwiya. Koma matendawa amadalira chikhalidwe cha thupi, m'malo mopanda nzeru . Kutengedwa kuti ndi chiopsezo chazimayi, ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu ya mitsempha ya mitsempha ndipo imadziwonetsera mu khalidwe losadziŵa ndipo silingathe kuwongolera maganizo awo ndi zochita zawo.
Zizindikiro zazikulu za mawonetseredwe amadzimadzi: kudzikonda, kukwiya, chilakolako chochita, kuganiza, kudzikonda. Kusokonezeka kumachitika m'moyo. Kutalika kwa chiwonongeko kumadalira momwe chidwi chimaperekedwa kwa wodwalayo. Anthu osokonezeka amadalira malingaliro a ena ndi kusewera pagulu.
Hysteria mwa amuna - zizindikiro
Pafupifupi zizindikiro zomwezo komanso njira ya matendawa amawonetsedwa mwa oimira mphamvu zogonana. Wodwala amayesetsa kukopeka kwambiri, koma palinso kusintha kwakukulu kwa khalidwe. Zochita muzochitika za chizolowezi sizolingana. Amuna amodzi ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi zosangalatsa:
- Kusinthasintha kawirikawiri kumasintha kuchokera kuseka kumalira;
- Mtendere wosadziwika "wodumpha";
- madandaulo a kusowa kwa mpweya ndi mtima;
- mutu;
- kusowa kukhudzidwa m'madera ena a thupi.
Chidziwitso kwa ana - zizindikiro
Monga mtundu wa nthenda, ubongo waunyamata ndizochitika kawirikawiri. Amapezeka mwa ana a mibadwo yosiyana, nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi kuphulika kwa mkwiyo ndi astasia-abasia syndrome, pamene mwana amakana kuyenda ndipo mwangozi amasuntha miyendo ndi manja ake. Kugonjetsedwa kungabweretse mavuto, kufooka, kuwonongeka komanso kuwonongeka. Ana achikulire amasonyeza khalidwe la khalidwe. Odwala achichepere ali pachiopsezo chachikulu, amafuna chidwi chowonjezereka, monga kutengeka ndi katemera. Mu chikhalidwe cha anthu ena, mwana akhoza kusonyeza khalidwe losadziwika ndi lachilendo kwa iye.
Kodi mungachiritse bwanji vutoli?
Chofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo choyenera cha hysterical neurosis ndicho kudziwika kwa chifukwa chachikulu chimene chinapangitsa kuti chitukuko cha nthenda yotchedwa neuropsychiatric chifooke. Ndiye muyenera kuthetsa zonsezi kapena kuchepetsa kufunika kwake. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa zomwe zoyesayesa za madokotala zidzatsogoleredwa: kuchotsa zizindikiro zovuta kapena kuthetsa mkangano wamkati.
Kupepesa kwa psyche sikuyenera kusamalidwa, ndipo zizindikiro zoyamba za chithandizo cha matenda ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti neurosis isalowe muyeso. Chithandizo cha hysteria chikuchitidwa ndi akatswiri a maganizo. Pambuyo pophunzira momwe zizindikiro zimayendera, kuyankhulana ndi wodwala ndi achibale, wodwalayo amalembedwa magawo a psychotherapeutic, ndipo nthawi zina amatengeka. Mankhwala a psychosoanalytic angasinthe maganizo a wodwalayo. N'zotheka kuti mankhwala amachiritso - amatenga zokhazokha - koma sagwira ntchito m'thupi.
Mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ochiritsira
Popeza kuti matendawa amadziwika kuyambira nthawi zakale, pali njira zambiri zomwe anthu amatha kuzichotsera. Pakalipano, ali othandiza, ogwira ntchito ndipo akhoza kuwonjezera pa njira yayikulu yothandizira. Kunyumba, mkhalidwe wa wodwala ukhoza kukhala wophunzitsidwa kwambiri pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a zitsamba: valerian, timbewu tonunkhira, chamomile, mandimu, timadzi timadzimadzi. Mankhwala otsekemera ndi zitsamba angathe kuwonjezeredwa kuzisamba. Mafuta odzola amagwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la mitsempha. Izi ziyenera kutengedwa pa maphunziro, tsiku ndi tsiku masiku khumi, kudya supuni ya tiyipioni.
Matenda a hysterical - uwu ndi matenda aakulu, ndipo ndi koyenera kuchiza mankhwala ake moyenera. Ndikofunika kutenga mankhwala oyesedwa ndi zowonjezera zokhazokha, kambiranani ndi dokotala-maganizo. Njira yowonjezera yothetsa vutoli idzachotsa chiyeso kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri mawonetseredwe ake ndi kuchepetsa chikhalidwe cha wodwalayo.