Makompyuta a Vatican

Zambiri mwa zolemba zamakono ndi zochitika zakale, zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa zaka mazana asanu ndi zisanu ndi tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika, zimasungidwa mu "Makasitoma a Vatican" (Musei Vaticani). Malo ovutawo, omwe ali pambali pa khoma, ali ndi mazenera 54, omwe amabwera chaka ndi alendo oposa 5 miliyoni.

Mbiri ndi maola oyambirira a Museums Museum

Musamuyu woyamba unakhazikitsidwa ndi Papa Julius II kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 16. Tikhoza kunena kuti mbiri yakale yotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi inayamba ndi kupezeka kwa nsalu ya marble "Laocoon ndi ana ake". Chithunzicho chinapezedwa pa January 14, 1506, ndipo mwezi umodzi atatsimikizira kutsimikizirika kwake, adagulidwa kuchokera kwa mwiniwake ndipo adaikidwa mu malo amodzi mu nyumba zachifumu za Vatican , Belvedere , kuti apeze zambiri.

Zonsezi zikupezeka kuti ziziyendera tsiku ndi tsiku kuyambira 9 koloko mpaka 6 koloko masana. Loweruka Lamlungu: Lamlungu lirilonse ndi maholide onse achipembedzo. Kupatulapo ndi Lamlungu lapitali la mwezi, ngati sichita chikondwerero chachipembedzo - masiku ano asanafike 12:30 pakhomo la Museums Museum ndilofulu. Ofesi ya tikiti imatseka pa 16:00; Mwa njira, pambuyo pa ora lino simudzaloledwa kulowa mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, ngakhale mutagula tikiti pasadakhale. Nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo nyumbayi imatsekedwa: 1 ndi 6 Januwale, 11 February, 19 ndi 31 March, 1 April ndi 1 May, 14-15 August, 29 June, 1 November ndi maholide a Khirisimasi pa 25-26 December.

Kodi ndingagule kuti tikiti ku Museums ya Vatican?

1. Pa bokosilo la nyumba yosungirako zojambulajambula palokha, nthawi zonse pamakhala mzere, koma siwupanda malire.
2. Mungathe kudandaula pasadakhale za nkhaniyi ndi kupeza voulo pamalo omwe mumasungiramo nyumba kapena mabungwe oyang'anira malo owona malo, ndalama zake zowonjezera ndi € 4. Koma mumasunga nthawi: kwa voucher, yosindikizidwa kapena yowerengeka pa piritsi, kashiashi wosiyana amagwira ntchito.
3. Sititiyi ikhoza kusungidwa pa tsamba pasadakhale tsiku ndi nthawi yeniyeni. Voti yosindikizidwa iyenera kuwonetsedwa popanda kuyembekezera utumiki wapadera pafupi ndi osungira ndalama pamodzi ndi pasipoti yanu ndi kulipira mokwanira.

Kodi Vatican Museum Complex n'chiyani?

Zovuta za zisumbu za Vatican zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi zida zapadera zapadziko lapansi, zomwe zigawidwa m'mabwalo a zifukwa zomveka kapena zomangamanga.

1. Nyumba yosungiramo zachilengedwe ya Gregorian ya ku Egypt inakhazikitsidwa mu 1839, imapereka luso la Igupto wakale kuchokera m'zaka za m'ma 2000 BC. Zopindulitsa kwambiri ndi sarcophagi ya mafarao, mafano a milungu ya Aigupto ndi olamulira, amadzimadzi oopsa, mazira a kuikidwa m'manda ndi mapepala. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imagawidwa m'zipinda zisanu ndi zinayi, ndipo imodzi mwa iyo imaperekedwa kwa mafano achiroma a II-III zaka mazana asanu.
2. Monga musemu wakale, Museum of Gregory ya Etruscan inatsegulidwa pampando wa Papa Gregory XVI, kulemekeza kuti nyumba zonse za museum zinatchulidwa. Chiwonetsero chachikulu cha nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale ndizomwe apeza m'mabwinja akale a kum'mwera kwa Etruria. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imagawidwa m'mabwalo 22 pa nkhani ya zisudzo. Chomwe chimatchuka kwambiri ndi chifaniziro cha mkuwa cha Mars (zaka za m'ma 4 BC BC), zithunzi za marble za Athena, zokongola kwambiri zamakina, galasi ndi mkuwa.
3. Kuyika nyali zosazolowereka kwa nyali zaka II kuchokera ku Otrikoli kumayikidwa mu chotchedwa Candelabra Gallery . Palinso ziboliboli zosangalatsa, mabasiketi, sarcophagi ndi mafasho. Pafupi ndi izo ndi Galleries degli Arazzi, momwe zithunzi zojambulidwa khumi zimapangidwa, zomwe zinalengedwa molingana ndi zojambula za ophunzira a Raphael.
4. Msonkhano waukulu wa Papa wa zojambula zosiyanasiyana ndi tapestries zomwe zinalengedwa m'zaka za m'ma XI-XIX amatchedwa Vatican's Pinakothek . Chithunzi chachikulu kwambiri ku Pinakothek ndi "Woweruza Wotsiriza" wotchuka.
5. Mu 1475, dziko lapansi linkaoneka ngati chinsinsi kwambiri ndipo ndilofunika kwambiri kuti lifike pakanema la Library ya Vatican . Kwa zaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi, yapeza mabuku oposa 1 miliyoni 600,000, zolembedwa pamanja pafupifupi 150,000, zolemba zofanana, mapepala a malo, ndalama, tapestries ndi makandulo. M'mabwalo ambiri, pakhomo limaloledwa papa yekha ndi masauzande ambiri a asayansi padziko lapansi.
6. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Pius-Clement ili m'nyumba yokongola kwambiri ya nyumba ya Belvedere Palace. Zojambula zokoma zimagawidwa ku Animal Hall, Rotund Hall, nyumba ya mabasi, Nyumba ya Greek Cross, Hall of the Muses ndi zithunzi za mafano, komanso maofesi awiri: masks ndi Apoxymena. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imakhala ndi mafano ambiri achiroma ndi achigiriki.
7. Zakale zojambula zakale zimasonkhanitsidwa ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale za Chiaramonti , gawo lake lalikulu ndi makonzedwe pamakoma omwe mafano, mabasi, reliefs ndi sarcophagi za nthawi ya Roma zimayikidwa. Mu zipinda zina zitatu mudzapeza mbiri yakale ya Aroma, nthano zachi Greek ndi mndandanda waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse wa zolembedwa za Agiriki ndi Aroma za zachikunja ndi zachikhristu.
8. Imodzi mwa mapulaneti apamwamba kwambiri a nyumba ya Museum ya Vatican imaperekedwa ku Gallery of Geographic Maps . Lili ndi mapu makumi anayi ofotokoza kwambiri omwe amasonyeza zinthu za Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika, mitu yambiri yachipembedzo ndi zochitika zofunikira m'mbiri. Zonsezi zinapangidwa ndi pempho la Gregory XIII kuti azikongoletsa nyumba yachifumu ya Papa.
9. Wojambula wamkulu wa ku Italy wotchedwa Raphael, wotumidwa ndi Papa Julius II, atajambula pa Vatican zipinda zinayi, zomwe tsopano tikudziwika kuti Raphael's Stantsi . Zithunzi zenizeni za "Sukulu ya Athene", "Nzeru, Kuyeza ndi Mphamvu", "Moto ku Borgo" ndi ena samasiya kudabwa ndi kukongola kwawo.
10. Nyumba za Borgia ndizipinda zamakono zopangidwa ndi Papa Borgia-Alexander VI. Makoma a zipinda ndi zojambula ndi zithunzi zokongola ndi zolembedwa za Baibulo za ojambula otchuka ndi amonke.
11. Nyumba yosungiramo nyumba ya Pio-Cristiano imasunga ntchito zakale zoyambirira zachikhristu m'mabwalo ake. Pano, miyala ya sarcophagi ya kuikidwa m'manda a Aroma ikuyimiridwa motsatira nthawi. Chimodzi mwa masewero otchuka kwambiri ku nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale ndizojambula "Good Shepherd", yomwe kale inali yokongoletsera imodzi ya sarcophagi, ndipo pafupifupi zaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi pambuyo pa kubwezeretsedwa kunakhala chojambula chosiyana.
12. Nyuzipepala ya amishonale ya amtundu wa anthu mumzinda wa Lateran, lero imakhala ndi maofesi oposa zikwi zana ochokera padziko lonse lapansi: miyambo yachipembedzo ya mayiko ambiri, monga Korea, China, Japan, Mongolia ndi Tibet, komanso Africa, Oceania ndi America. Mukhoza kuphunzira maphunziro a tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu a m'mayiko ena, mbali ya nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imapezeka kwa asayansi okha.
13. Chipinda cha Nikcolina ndi chipinda chochepa chojambula ndi miyoyo ya St Stephen ndi Lorenzo m'zaka za 14 ndi 15. Wolemba ntchito zapadera ndi monk-Dominican Fra Beato Angelico.
14. Malo otchuka kwambiri komanso akalekale a Museums Museum, a Sistine Chapel , adzadabwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zozizwitsa zake ngakhale alendo ovuta kwambiri. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amalimbikitsa kuti aphunzire dongosolo la frescos pasadakhale, kotero kuti limamveka ndi losangalatsa.
15. Nyuzipepala yamakedzana ya Vatican ndi wamng'ono kwambiri, Papa Paulo VI adayambitsa mu 1973. Zithunzi za museumzi zimaperekedwera mbiriyakale ya Vatican yokha ndikupereka chidwi kwa magalimoto, magalimoto, yunifolomu ya asilikali, zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chimbudzi cha apapa, zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, zithunzi ndi zikalata.
16. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, mu 1933, Papa Pius XI adayambitsa malo osungira Lusifara m'chipinda chapansi cha tchalitchi cha Sacred Heart of Martyr ku Vatican. Zimatsimikizira umboni wakuti satana alipo padziko lapansi, koma nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imatsekedwa kwa anthu akunja.

Kodi mungapeze bwanji ku Museums Museum?

Pakhomo lalikulu la Vatican Museum Complex mudzayenda mosavuta ngati muli pakati pa Mzinda Wamuyaya.

Mukhozanso kupita ku Vatican pogwiritsira ntchito mobisa, ngati mukupita pa mzere A; malo oyenera, omwe amatha pafupi ndi mphindi 10 kupita ku khomo: "Nyumba ya Vatican", "Ottaviano" ndi "S.Pietro". Chombo cha 19 chonchi chikutsatira "Piazza del Risorgimento", yomwe ndi malo angapo kuchokera ku khoma la Vatican.

Ponena za mizinda, zonse zimadalira mbali yomwe mumadya:

• Ayi. 49 idzakutengerani inu pakhomo, imani-mosiyana;
• Ndondomeko No. 32, 81 ndi 982 igawanika kaye ndi tramu yomwe tatchulayi;
• Misewu No. 492 ndi 990 imadutsa pafupi "Malo a" Leone ", omwe mumangopita kwa mphindi zingapo ndipo muli pawebusaiti.