Matenda ambiri angakhalepo m'thupi kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kudzipatulira okha. Izi zikuphatikizapo papillomavirus yaumunthu. Malinga ndi chiŵerengero, pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya anthu onse ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, koma ambiri sadziwa za izo komanso samadziwa momwe angaperekere papillomavirus ya anthu.
Mankhwala a papillomavirus - ndi chiyani?
Papillomavirus ya munthu, kapena, monga momwe imatchulidwira dokotala, kachilombo ka HPV, ndi gulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amafalitsidwa ponseponse. Asayansi apeza mitundu yoposa 100 ya mitundu ya HPV. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi 13 mwa anthu onse omwe amadziwika awonjezereka matendawa - amachititsa kuti khansa ikule bwino. Matendawa amafalitsidwa mwamsanga pogonana, choncho chiwerengero cha matendawa amalembedwa kwa atsikana ndi anyamata atatha kugonana.
Tiyenera kudziŵa kuti mitundu yambiri ya HIV imapezeka m'thupi la munthu kwa nthawi yaitali, popanda kukhudza njira zake zamkati. Iwo amatha pokhapokha popanda chithandizo chamankhwala miyezi ingapo pambuyo pa matenda. Anapezeka kuti pafupifupi HPV 90 peresentiyo imatha pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri. Komabe, kachilombo kakang'ono ka matendawa kamayambitsa matenda a khansa, choncho matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi ofunika kwambiri pomenyana ndi HPV.
Mankhwala a papillomavirus
Malinga ndi maonekedwe a morphological, mitundu yambiri ya kapangidwe ka HIV, kachilombo ka HIV kamagawidwa mu mitundu yambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, kuthekera kwa mtundu wina kuti ukhale wodwala khansa n'kofunika. Malinga ndi izi, HPV inagawidwa:
- HPV yomwe ili ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana - mitundu 6, 11, 42, 40, 54, 43, 61, 44, 81, 72, 70, CP6108;
- ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu - 53, 26, 66;
- ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu - HPV 16, 18, 33, 31, 35, 45, 39, 52, 52, 56, 59, 58, 73, 68, 82.
Kodi matenda a papillomavirus?
Matenda opatsirana 90% amapezeka ndi kukhudzana ndi munthu wathanzi wonyamula kachilombo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapezeka m'madzi a thupi, mumatumbo. HPV mwa amuna ndi yachilendo kusiyana ndi kugonana kwabwino, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yothamanga. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimachepetsa kukula kwa kachilomboka, choncho sichikulirakulira ndipo chiripo mu thupi la munthu mudziko lopanda ntchito. Powonongeka ndi mphamvu zotetezera, zimachitika, chithunzi chomwe chimapangitsa odwala kukaonana ndi dokotala.
Kodi papillomavirus yaumunthu imafalitsidwa bwanji?
Nthaŵi zambiri, kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka nthawi yogonana. Chifukwa cha ichi, papillomavirus ya amayi imayamba kawirikawiri ndi kuyamba kwa moyo wogonana wogwira ntchito. Kugwiritsira ntchito makina opatsirana pogonana (kondomu) kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda, koma sizikuthetsa konse kutero. Kutumiza kwa HPV kungathenso kuchitika - kuchokera kwa mayi wodwala kupita kwa mwana panthawi yobereka.
Kawirikawiri kachilombo ka papilloma imafalikira ndi njira yochezera. Kawirikawiri izi zimachitika pa kugonana komweko: ndi mankhwala ogonana, kukhudzana ndi chiwalo cha kachilombo ka HIV, HPV imafalitsidwa kwa wathanzi wathanzi. Chotsatira chake, mawonekedwe a HPV amatha kudziwonetsera okha pa tsamba loyamba la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi (mitengo ya kanjedza, zala).
Kodi ndivotani kwa HPV?
Chotsatira choopsa kwambiri cha HPV ndi njira zowonongeka. Asayansi a ku Western amatsatira chiphunzitso chakuti kachilombo ka papilloma kangayambitse khansa ya malo alionse. Momwemonso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa matenda otchedwa dysplastic phenomena mu chipanichi ndi epithelium, zomwe zimakhala ngati gawo loyamba la njira yodziwika bwino. Kusintha komweku ndi khalidwe la khansara ya chiberekero, yomwe imayambitsa mitundu 16 ndi 18 - HPV ya chiopsezo chapamwamba chodziwika. Nthawi zina, HPV imaonedwa kuti ndi chifukwa chokhalira osabereka kwa amayi achiwiri.
Mankhwala a papillomavirus mwa akazi
Vuto la papilloma la amayi mwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana amaonedwa kuti ndilo chifukwa chachikulu cha khansara ya chiberekero . Matendawa amachititsidwa makamaka ndi mitundu 16 ndi 18 ya HPV. Ndondomekoyi ili ndi nthawi yayitali, siyimaphatikizidwa ndi mawonetseredwe a kliniki, kotero zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza. Muchikhalidwe cha chitetezo cha mthupi kuchokera kumayambitsa kachilombo ku thupi musanafike chitukuko cha khansara ya chiberekero chingatenge zaka 15-20. Ngati chitetezo cha amayi chikufooka, mankhwala oyenerera sakuchitidwa, pali chiopsezo chokhala ndi chotupa muzaka zisanu. Zinthu zojambulidwa ndi izi:
- kuyambira koyambirira kwa kugonana;
- kusowa kwa chibwenzi chogonana nthawi zonse;
- kukhalapo kwa zizoloŵezi zoipa (chikonga, mowa).
Papillomavirus yaumuna mwa amuna
Kuwuza, kuposa VPCH yoopsa kwa amuna, madokotala samatsogolera zikondina kusiyana ndi zotsatira za matenda omwe amapezeka kwa amayi. Kwa oimira za kugonana kolimba, HPV imayambitsanso zotupa za khansa za ziwalo zoberekera, makamaka kunja. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa HPV mu thupi kukhoza kuchitika njira zowonongeka mu machitidwe ena a thupi. Papillomavirus mwa amuna amachititsa kuti:
- zotupa za rectum;
- khansara ya pharynx;
- khansara ya larynx .
Mankhwala a papillomavirus - zizindikiro
Kamodzi m'thupi, papillomavirus ya munthu silingamveke kwa miyezi 3-8 - nthawi yaitali nthawi yopuma imatha. Kuwonjezera apo, nthawi zambiri, matenda a tizilombo ndi amtundu wafupipafupi ndipo amakonzedwa mosadutsa mkati mwa zaka ziwiri, ngati panthawiyi palibe kachilombo ka HIV. Pa mawonetseredwe aakulu, zizindikiro, zosonyeza kuti kachilombo ka papilloma kamene kalipo m'thupi, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa:
- Nkhonya zimakhala zochepa kwambiri pamwamba pa khungu. Mankhwala a HPV 1-5, 10, 49 ndi 28 nthawi zambiri amakwiya. Nkhondo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi maonekedwe osiyana ndi malo (malo apansi, spines, zilonda zakuda).
- Kujambula mapuloteni - pamphuno pamtunda wa ziwalo zoberekera, mu anus, pakamwa, osati pamwamba pa milomo. Zifukwa za HPV 6, 11, 18, 13, 16, 35, 31 mitundu.
- Mapulumasi a zingwe - amaimira kukula komwe kumapangitsa kuti glottis. Nthaŵi zina, amawoneka mwa ana omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka mayi pa nthawi yobereka. Zifukwa za HPV 11.
- Bovenoid papulosis - mapepala ofanana ndi mapulaneti ofanana ndi zida. Ziwoneka m'dera la chiberekero, kaŵirikaŵiri zimachitika mwa amuna pamwamba pa mbolo. Zovuta 16, 31, 33, 42, 51, 48, 54, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51.
Mankhwala a papillomavirus - matenda
Kufufuza kwakukulu kwa papillomavirus ya munthu ndi PCR. Zomwe amaphunzira pa nthawiyi ndizithunzithunzi zomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera mu ziwalo za abambo ndi chiberekero mwa amayi komanso mu mucosa wa mbolo mwa amuna. Njira zina zodziwira za papillomavirus ya munthu:
- Digeni-test ndi njira yatsopano, kupititsa patsogolo kutchuka kwa mankhwala. Anadziŵa kuti matendawa ndi otani, omwe angayambitse matenda. Chifukwa cha njira imeneyi, madokotala amadziŵa kuchuluka kwa mavitamini omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga khansa.
- Kufufuza kwachitukuko - kumaphatikizapo kufufuza kwakukulu kwa chithunzithunzi kuchokera ku ziwalo zoberekera, kumene ma maselo amafufuzidwa.
- Kufufuza kwake - kuyerekezera zitsanzo za minofu yomwe imatengedwa ndi kuyeza magazi.
Mankhwala a papillomavirus - mankhwala
Pofuna kuthetsa HPV kwathunthu m'thupi, mankhwala ayenera kuyamba ndi zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda. Zimakhala zovuta kuchita izi, ndipo nthawi zambiri odwala amaphunzira mankhwala angapo. Kuti achotse papillomavirus kuchokera m'thupi, onse ogonana ayenera kuchitidwa mankhwala, mwinamwake kachilombo ka HIV kangabwere mobwerezabwereza. Kawirikawiri, mankhwala a HPV akuphatikizapo:
- mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
- chithandizo cha opaleshoni - resection ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuchotsa zida.
Kukonzekera papillomavirus
Dziwani nthawi yomweyo kuti palibe mankhwala onse a papillomavirus, mankhwala ayenera kusankhidwa payekha. Kuchiza kuli kovuta, malinga ndi maonekedwe a matenda. Mlingo wa mankhwala umayikidwa ndi dokotala molingana ndi siteji ya njira ya matenda, matenda a chitetezo cha mthupi. Ngati kachilomboka sikadziwonetsera nokha, simusowa kuchiza. Pamene mawonetseredwe a HPV amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- cytotoxic mankhwala - 5-fluorouracil, Podophyllotoxin, Bleomycin;
- mankhwala osokoneza bongo - Interferon, Immunal .
Muzovutazo, mankhwala opangira chithunzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama. Pamwamba pa minofu yowonongeka, chinthu chapadera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chomwe, pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa kuwala, chimatulutsa mitundu yogwira ntchito ya oksijeni. Mwamsanga pansi pa mphamvu zawo, maselo a khungu lomwe lawonongeka ndi kachilombo amawonongedwa. Izi zimayambitsa kukonzanso mwatsopano ndi njira zowonongeka.
Kupewa HPV
Kufotokozera momwe mungaperekere HPV, ziyenera kudziwika kuti kulowa mkati m'thupi n'kosavuta kupewa. Njira yayikulu yopewa katemera ndi katemera wa papillomavirus. Katemera motsutsana ndi HPV ndi othandiza, otetezeka. Zaka zowonjezereka zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zaka 11-13 - nthawi yoyamba ya kutha msinkhu. Ngati izi sizikuchitika pakapita nthawi, mukhoza katemera m'tsogolo: amayi - mpaka zaka 21, amuna - mpaka zaka 26. Katemera umaphatikizapo kuyang'anira katatu katemera wa katemera kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Pofuna kupewa matenda, muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo:
- Kupititsa kafukufuku wothandizira pa mayi wazimayi.
- Gwiritsani ntchito njira za kulera.
- Pewani kugonana kosayenera.