Kuti mukolole bwino, ndikofunika kudziŵa zomwe mungadyetse adyo m'chaka, chodzala pansi pa nyengo yozizira, kudzaza nthaka ndi zinthu zothandiza. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alimi a galimoto kwa nthawi yayitali, kotero kuti akhoza kuwonedwa kuti zatsimikiziridwa.
Kukongoletsa pamwamba kwa adyo masika
Zimakhulupirira kuti popanda kuyambira kwa zakudya ndi kuyamba kwa kutentha kuti tipeze mbewu zabwino - sizingatheke. Nthawi yoyamba yopanga feteleza wosankhidwa ayenera kukhala masiku 6-10, pamene chisanu chimasungunuka. Nthawi yachiwiri timadzi timene timayambitsa mavitamini 14 timatha kutulutsa feteleza, ndipo lachitatu - mu theka lachiwiri la June. Pofotokoza zomwe mungadyetse kasupe adyo omwe adabzalidwa, tigwiritsa ntchito njira izi:
- Mullein . Pali nayitrogeni wambiri mu feteleza iyi, yomwe ikufunika pa nyengo yokula. Mu malita 10 a madzi, onjezerani 0,5 malita a mullein. Mlingo wa mowa ndi 2-3 malita pa 1 lalikulu mita. m.
- Hyrojeni peroxide . Pambuyo pa maonekedwe a adyo, yomwe idabzalidwa pansi pa nyengo yachisanu, ikulimbikitsidwa kupopera ndi njira yofooka.
- Mchere wamchere . Kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuteteza kufalikira kwa tizirombo, ndi chikasu cha masamba, muyenera kupeza yankho: mu chidebe cha madzi, tumizani 3 tbsp. supuni ya mchere. Pa 1 lalikulu. m. ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 3 malita a madzi amchere.
- Potaziyamu mchere . Kubzala chodzala pansi pa nyengo yozizira, analandira potaziyamu, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Ndi bwino kusakaniza potaziyamu ndi zitsulo zamadzimadzi pa yachiwiri chapamwamba chapamwamba chovala. Kuti mupeze yankho mu 10 malita a madzi, ikani 1 tbsp. supuni ya mchere wa potaziyamu.
- Superphosphates . Mukonzekerayi muli pafupifupi 20% phosphorous. Ndibwino kuti muzisakaniza mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala a potaziyamu. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, sakanizani 10 malita a madzi ndi supuni 2. supuni ya supuni kapena ufa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kumafunika kukhala malita 4-5 pa 1 sq. Km. m.
Kukongoletsa pamwamba kwa adyo masika ndi urea
Manyowa opangidwa ndi azitrogeni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kulimbikitsa gawo la zomera. Kuphika pamwamba pa nyengo yachisanu ya adyo ndi urea zikhale zoyamba pambuyo pa chisanu. Pakati pa chakudya choyamba ndi chachiwiri chiyenera kutenga milungu iwiri, patapita masiku 14 chiwerengerocho chibwerezedwa. Ndikofunika kutsatira mankhwalawa momveka bwino, ngati nayitrogeni yowonjezera ili yovulaza. Kuganizira zomwe mungathe kudyetsa adyo kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, timapereka mwayi wotere:
- Mu nthawi ya kukula mwakhama m'pofunikira kupanga yankho lokonzekera kuyambira 10 malita a madzi ndi 50-60 g wa urea. Izi zidzakhala zokwanira kwa mamita asanu ndi limodzi. m site.
- Pofuna kupewa, mukhoza kutsanulira kubzala ndi njira yothetsera 10 malita a madzi ndi 25-30 g ya feteleza.
- Masamba akatembenukira chikasu, kudyetsa adyo wouma ndi kotheka, komwe kunabzalidwa pansi pa nyengo yozizira, yomwe imapangidwira 2 cm ndipo umatulutsa feteleza. Pambuyo padzaphimbidwa ndi nthaka ndi kuthirira.
Kupaka zovala za adyo kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ndi ammonia
Poyamba kutentha, n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza njira yothetsera ammonia yomwe idzateteze ku tizirombo. Ndi fungo lake lakuthwa, amawopseza ntchentche , anyezi otsekemera komanso tizilombo tina. Kuti manyowa adzike pansi pa nyengo yozizira, mankhwalawa amathandiza chifukwa amapereka nayitrogeni, ndipo zomera zimangowamwa mosavuta, koma osadzikundikira. Chovala chokongoletsera cha adyo m'chaka ndi ammonia chimachitika motere: chidebe cha madzi chimatengedwa 3 tbsp. spoons of ammonia njira. Yankho likhoza kutsanulidwa mu adyo ndi sprayed.
Kukongoletsa pamwamba kwa adyo mu zitosi za nkhuku za masika
Mu fetelezayi muli mchere wambiri, wofunika kwambiri kuti kubwezeretsedwa kwa microflora ndi acidity m'nthaka, komanso kuwonjezera kukana kwa zomera ku matenda. Ndikofunika kuganizira kuti mungagwiritse ntchito zitosi za nkhuku kamodzi pa zaka zitatu. Chovala chokongoletsera cha adyo chodzala pansi pa nyengo yozizira, nkhuku yatsopano yamatchi imaletsedwa, chifukwa ikhoza kuwotcha mbewu. Sakanizani 15 malita a madzi ndi 1 makilogalamu a manyowa, sakanizani ndi madzi. Ndikofunika kuchita izi nthawi yomweyo, kuti asawononge nayitrogeni.
Top dressing yozizira adyo mu phulusa
Katunduyu ali ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu yambiri, ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza zomwe zili zofunika kuti zikule bwino. Kuonjezera apo, kudziwa ngati n'zotheka kudyetsa adyo ndi phulusa, ndi bwino kunena kuti chikhalidwe ichi chikukula bwino pa nthaka yosavuta, ndipo phulusa limapangitsa kuchepa kwake. Iyenera kubweretsedwa pamene mutu uyamba kupanga. Pofotokoza zomwe mungadyetse adyo kumapeto kwa nyengo, yobzala m'nyengo yozizira, mungathe kupereka zotsatira zinayi:
- Mu mawonekedwe a madzi . Mu malita 10 a madzi, onjezerani 1 tbsp. madzi ndi kusakaniza bwino. Pambuyo pa njira yothirira madzi ikuchitika.
- Mu mawonekedwe owuma . Phulusa limatsanuliridwa m'mipata yapakati, ndikuphimba ndi wosanjikiza wa dziko lapansi.
- Kwa foliar kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa . Onjezerani 300 magalamu a sera kumadzi ndikuwiritsani kwa theka la ora, ndiye kukanika polekanitsa zowonjezereka ndikuwonjezera zakumwa kuti mupange malita 10 a yankho. M'kati mwake, ikani 50 g wa sopo yotsuka zovala.
Top kuvala adyo mu spring nitrate
Pakuti masamba a chikhalidwe ndi ofunika nayitrogeni, zomwe ziri zofunika kuti kumera kwa mankhwala. Top kuvala adyo ndi ammonium nitrate mu kasupe ayenera kuchitika pambuyo chisanu convergence, kotero, aliyense 1 sq. Km. m. ayenera kukhala 1 tbsp. supuni (pambuyo kuthirira) kapena mutha kukonzekera yankho: 10 malita a madzi 30 magalamu a saltpeter. Ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi foliar pamwamba yokongoletsera adyo , yobzala pansi pa nyengo yozizira. Pali wamaluwa omwe amalimbikitsa kusakaniza nitrate ndi urea, zomwe zidzasintha kukoma kwa masamba.
Kupaka pamwamba kwa adyo mu yisiti
Kwa masamba okometsera, mukhoza kutenga yisiti yonyowa ndi youma ngati chakudya. Pofotokoza ngati n'zotheka kudyetsa adyo ndi yisiti, ziyenera kutchulidwa kuti pakadali pano nkofunika kuti musapitirirepo, mwinamwake zotsatira zingasokoneze. Pofuna kukonzekera mankhwalawa, m'pofunika kusakaniza 10 g wa yisiti, 5-6 tbsp mu chidebe cha 10-lita. supuni ya shuga granulated ndi 0,5 makilogalamu a nkhuku manyowa ndi malo ozungulira, koma zomaliza ziwiri zosakaniza ndi zosankha. Onetsetsani zonse ndikuchoka kwa maola awiri kuti muziyendayenda. Zomalizazo zimaphatikizidwa mu lita imodzi pa 10 malita a madzi. Kuthirira kumachitika pansi pazu.
Kukongoletsa pamwamba kwa adyo ndi mchere wa nitroammonian
Kwa mbewu ya ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimabzalidwa m'nyengo yozizira, zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri, zomwe zimaonedwa kuti zimachitika padziko lonse lapansi. Lili ndi zinthu zothandiza zofunika kuti pakhale chitukuko chabwino. Kupaka pamwamba kwa adyo nitroammophous kumapereka zotsatira mwamsanga. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, ikani 2-3 tbsp mu chidebe cha madzi. makapu. Thirani mu mfuti ndi kutsitsa zambiri kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa masamba.