Myocarditis ndi matenda aakulu a mtima, omwe minocardial muscle ikuwotcha. Zofufuza za matendawa zinayambika kalekale - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, ndipo kuyambira apo, mankhwala adziwa mokwanira za matendawa.
Nchifukwa chiyani myocarditis ikuchitika?
Masiku ano zimadziwika kuti myocarditis imayambitsa mavairasi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, bowa ndi protozoa. Chinthu chofala kwambiri cha myocarditis ndi matenda a tizilombo, ndipo pamfundo iyi pali mfundo zambiri:
- Pa nthawi ya matenda a tizilombo, matenda a myocarditis nthawi zambiri amalembedwa;
- pofufuza za nasopharynx ndi mkodzo wa wodwalayo ndi myocarditis yovuta, madokotala amapeza mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- kuchokera ku mavairasi a myocardium ndi antchito awo ali okhaokha.
Chifukwa cha izi, zikhoza kunenedwa kuti kachilombo ka HIV kangayambitse myocarditis, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti pali matenda ambiri.
Mitundu ya myocarditis
Musanadziwe zizindikiro za myocarditis, muyenera kumvetsa mitundu yake, yomwe lero nambala 5:
- rheumatic - imayambitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma membrane a mtima;
- Matendawa chifukwa cha mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi;
- kusagwirizana - kumayambitsa vuto la mankhwala osagwirizana ndi mankhwala;
- kutuluka chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana a minofu yolumikizana, komanso chifukwa cha kuvulazidwa - kuyaka, kuyimitsa ma radioactive, etc;
- Idiopathic - ili ndi zifukwa zosadziwika za zochitika.
Zizindikiro za myocarditis
Zizindikiro za myocarditis zingakhale zosiyana - zofatsa kapena zovuta. Zimadalira pa zomwe zimachititsa kutupa kwa myocardium.
Zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana pogonana
Matenda a myocarditis akhoza kukhala ovuta komanso osagwirizana. Zizindikiro zake zimakhala zochepa mpaka zochepa, malingana ndi zinthu zambiri. Amapezeka m'magulu angapo opatsirana - chimfine cha typhoid, chiwopsezo chofiira, chibayo, matonillitis, ndi zina zotero.
Zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana pogonana zimadaliranso ndi kusintha komwe kumachitika pa galimotoyo: ngati ndi funso la zilonda zamtunduwu, ndiye kuti minofu yogwira ntchito imakhudzidwa ndipo mtima ukulephera. Ngati pali vuto lalikulu, ndiye kuti kutengeka kwa maganizo kumakhala kovuta, zomwe zimayambitsa kuswa kwa mtima.
Pa kuyang'aniridwa kwavumbulutsidwa, kuti mtima ukuwonjezeka m'mimba mwake, ndipo pa ek zizindikiro za myocarditis zikuwonetsedwa m'mawu osamva. Mu minofu, pangakhale phokoso.
Tachycardia ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za myocarditis, koma nthawi zonse sizimaphatikizapo ndi malungo ndipo sichikugwirizana nazo. Chodziwika bwino cha myocarditis ndikuti tachycardia imakhala chizindikiro cha kufooka kwa minofu ya mtima.
Mu myocarditis yovuta, zizindikirozo ndi izi: wodwalayo akhoza kukhala ndi phokoso la khungu, muzirombo zamphongo, amawona kupuma pang'ono ndi kupweteka mumtima. Kuperewera kwapadera ndi khalidwe la matenda opatsirana pogonana. Zina mwa zizindikiro za myocarditis zikuwonetseranso kutentha ndi kutuluka thukuta.
Zizindikiro za matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizimasiyana ndi zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana pogonana, popeza apa kusiyana kumeneku ndi kothandizira causative - mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi.
Wodwala m'magulu onsewa amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, pakhoza kukhala ciliary kapena extrasystolic arrhythmia.
Zizindikiro za rheumatic myocarditis
Mawonetseredwe a rheumatic myocarditis si ovuta kwambiri ngati ali ndi mawonekedwe opatsirana kapena mavairasi. Wodwala amamva kupuma pang'ono, monga lamulo, pokhapokha atatha katundu, komanso zowawa m'mtima. Kusokonezeka m'ntchito yake ndi kosavuta, komabe, ngakhale zili choncho, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuona katswiri wa zamoyo.
Powonongeka, kuwonjezeka pang'ono pamtima kumanzere kapena kukulitsa kwakukulu kungaoneke.
Zizindikiro za mtundu wa idiopathic myocarditis
Ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa akhale oopsa kwambiri.
Idiopathic myocarditis ikhoza kutsatizana ndi kusokonezeka kwa mtima wamtima ndi njira yoipa. Pali lingaliro lakuti mtundu uwu wa myocarditis ukhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi zovuta zodziimirira.
Zizindikiro za myocarditis yosavomerezeka
Ndi mankhwala otsegula myocarditis, zizindikiro zimawonekera pa maola 48 mutatha kumwa mankhwala, zomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa. Mawonetseredwe ake si osiyana ndi mawonetseredwe a matenda opatsirana ndi a rheumatic myocarditis.