Smear kufufuza - kulemba

Nthawi zambiri maulendo onse a amayi kwa amayi azimayi amaphatikizidwa ndi swab kuti azindikire mtundu wa microflora wa dongosolo la genitourinary (kawirikawiri smear, yazimayi). Ndipo lero tidzakambirana zomwe ziwerengero zikutanthauza pa tsambali ndi zotsatira za kusanthula.

Kujambula zowawa za amayi

Kuyezetsa magazi ndi kutanthauzira kwa smear kungathe kudziwa matenda opatsirana pogonana, kutupa.

Kuti mupeze kafukufuku, ziphuphu za m'mimba, komanso chiberekero ndi urethra zimatengedwa ndi spatula yapadera. Zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zithunzi ndi zolemba: vagina - "V", urethra - "U", chiberekero - "C".

M'ma laboratori, poyamba, kudula nsalu zamtengo wapatali (malinga ndi Gram). Kenako nkhaniyo ikuyang'aniritsidwa ndi microscope.

Kuwonetsa kafukufuku wowonongeka kwapadera kumapangitsanso kutsatira zizindikiro:

1. Epithelium yamtundu. Ndi nyerere zachibadwa, epithelium (maselo akuphimba chiberekero ndi chiberekero) alipo. Ndalama zake zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kusamba kwa msinkhu - mpaka maselo 15 m'munda. Chizindikiro chachikulu chikhoza kusonyeza njira yotupa (vaginitis, cervicitis, urethritis). Ngati maselo a epithelium sapezeka mu smear - izi ndi umboni wosakhala ndi estrogen kapena atrophy wa maselo oopsa.
2. Leukocytes. Maselo amenewa amateteza thupi, kuteteza kutuluka kwa matenda. Kawirikawiri, chiŵerengero chazo mu chiberekero ndi urethra - mpaka 10, komanso m'chiberekero - mpaka 30. Ngati kukodola kwa michesiyumu yapamwamba imasonyeza kuwonjezeka kwa lekocyte, ndi chizindikiro cha kutupa.
3. Lactobacilli (Dederlein timitengo) ndi oimira ma microflora achibadwa. Ndi zizindikiro zathanzi, payenera kukhala chiwerengero chachikulu chazokha. Pang'ono ndi chizindikiro cha kuphwanya ma microflora.
4. Chimake chimapangidwa ndi glands za chikazi ndi khola lachiberekero. Kawirikawiri, payenera kukhala pang'ono kamasi.
5. Fungus Candida - kupezeka kwake pofufuza zotsatira za chiwonongeko chofala kumasonyeza kukwera.
6. Ngati kufufuza kwa smear kukuwonetsa kupezeka kwa tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono (gonococci, timitengo tating'onoting'ono, trichomonads, maselo owonetsetsa, etc.), ndiye izi zimasonyeza matenda.

Bakposev Smear - Ndemanga

Kuti tifotokoze za matendawa, nthawi zina ndi koyenera kuti tizitsatira chikhalidwe cha mabakiteriya. Kufufuza uku kukuwonetsanso kuti mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi othandiza. Ndi njira iyi, nkhani yosankhidwa imayikidwa pakati pa michere kwa masiku 7-15. Potanthauzira kusanthula kwapachepa, chiwerengero cha oimira zachilendo, chikhalidwe chokhala ndi tizilombo komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chimasonyezedwa mu CFU

Smear for cytology - kulemba

Smear ya cytology (Pap smear) ndi kufufuza kwakukulu kochitidwa kuti mudziwe kukula, mawonekedwe, nambala ndi malo a maselo.

Kusintha kwa smear pa masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi awa: zotsatira zolakwika (zachizolowezi) - maselo onse a epithelium osasunthika ndi osindikizira opanda mbali; - kukhalapo kwa maselo a atypical (osiyana mu mawonekedwe, kukula kwake, ali pathologically).

Choyambitsa matenda opatsirana amatha kukhala matenda opatsirana, matenda a m'mbuyo (kutentha kwa nthaka, mapuloteni, etc.), komanso matenda oopsa (dysplasia) ndi khansara ya chiberekero.

Pali magulu 5 a chikhalidwe cha chiberekero:

1. Chithunzi chachizolowezi chithunzi.
2. Maselo osinthidwa ndi chizindikiro cha kutupa kwa ziwalo zoberekera.
3. Kukhalapo kwa maselo osakanikirana amodzi (kuyesedwa kwina kudzafunika).
4. Kupezeka kwa khungu kakang'ono ka khansa.
5. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha maselo a khansa.

Smear kuchokera kummero pakhosi

Kawirikawiri, pharynysis ya ntchentche kuchokera ku pharynx ikuchitika ndi angina, pachimake matenda opatsirana, pertussis, meningococcal matenda, ndi kukayikira kwa carriage wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a matendawa.

Kawirikawiri, microflora ya pharynx imayimilidwa ndi epidermal staphylococcus, streptococcus, green Neperias ndi pneumococci, ndi pang'ono Candida bowa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri timadziwika kuti Candida albicans, β-hemolytic A streptococcus, pertussis causative agent, bacillus wa diphtheria.