Pa zifukwa zosadziwika, ziphuphu zamkati za khungu ndi mitsempha nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Ziphuphu zoterozo zimapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu a msinkhu wa ku Caucasus (pambuyo pa zaka 60-65). Ngati pali chibadwa choyambirira, amapezeka mwa ana.
Squamous cell carcinoma - matenda
Matendawa amayamba mofulumira kwambiri komanso amatha kusamba, choncho ndikofunika kupeza chithokomiro nthawi ndikuyamba kumwa mankhwala. Kusanthula kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa wodwala ndi anamnesis ndi ndondomeko ya zizindikiro zomwe zilipo. Mtundu wochuluka kwambiri wa khansa ndi squamous cell carcinoma, yomwe imawoneka ngati wart lalikulu. Zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa ndi kukula kwachilombo, chifukwa chimatha kumasula metastases ku ziwalo zamkati ndi ziwalo zapafupi.
Kuwonetsa carcinoma ndi mitundu ina ya khansara maphunziro ochuluka akuchitika:
- Kufufuza zamadzimadzi (mkodzo, magazi);
- biopsy;
- gulu;
- maginito resonance ndi computed tomography ;
- mafilimu;
- Kufufuza kwa ultrasound.
Kusokonezeka kwambiri kwa squamous cell carcinoma
Mitundu ina ya zotupa mumapangidwe ndi zomangamanga zimakhala zofanana ndi zida zathanzi, zomwe zimakula. Mitundu yotereyi imatchedwa osiyana kwambiri. Nyama yowopsya imeneyi ndi yovuta kuizindikira, kotero kuyesedwa kwapadera kwa magazi kunapangidwa pofuna kuzindikira zinthu zina zomwe zimangozindikira kuti zotupa zimapezeka. Phunziroli, squamous cell carcinoma antigen imafunidwa mu madzi. Ma laboratori a zamankhwala amasonyeza chizindikiro ichi monga abbreviation SCC kapena SCCA.
Kusamalidwa bwino kwa squamous cell carcinoma
Maonekedwe opangidwa ndi mazenera omwe ali ndi maselo omwe ali ndi kusintha. Ziphuphu zoterezi n'zosavuta kupeza chifukwa cha mapangidwe awo ndi magawano osagwirizana. Khansara imasiyanitsa kwambiri SCCA ya squamous cell carcinoma, koma kuchulukitsitsa. Kusungunuka kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro kumapereka chidziwitso choyamba cha matenda ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala nthawi yake.
Squamous cell carcinoma yochepa kwambiri
Ichi ndi chotupa chosavuta kwambiri chodziwiratu. Ndi minofu yosiyana kwambiri ndi thanzi labwino. Squamous cell carcinoma yosiyana-siyana imakhala ndi maselo osandulika, osagwirizana ndi makoswe osagwirizana. M'maonekedwe ake, zida zowonongeka sizingatheke, choncho chidziwitso chodziwika bwino chikuwonekera mwachindunji ndi njira zina zofufuzira.
Mbalame ya squamous yofiira khansa
Pamene maselo odwala matendawa amatha kusintha, amayamba kugawidwa mwadzidzidzi, kupanga ma clones awo osagwira ntchito. Ngati squamous cell carcinoma ikukula ndi cornification, zina zotupa zimayamba kufa. Maselo a clone omwe amachotsedwa amatha kusagawanika ndi kudziunjikira keratin. Izi zimawonetseredwa ngati maonekedwe a neoplasm wa mitundu yambiri ya chikasu.
Khansa yosakanikirana ndi squamous
Muzofotokozedwa, kusagwirizana kwa selo mu chipinda choyambirira kumakhalanso, koma macones samafera. Caramoma yosagwirizanitsa imaonedwa ngati mtundu wonyansa kwambiri wa khansara, chifukwa kukula kwake kumangopitirirabe. Mafupa amachititsa kuti maselo asasungunulidwe keratin, koma nthawi zonse amamangiriza ndikuyamba metastases ku ziwalo zam'mimba ndi ziwalo zoyandikana nawo.
Squamous cell carcinoma ya khungu
Ambiri (pafupifupi 90%) a milandu ya matendawa akuphatikizidwa mu gulu la zotupa kwambiri. Matenda a mitsempha ya mitsempha imapezeka makamaka pa ziwalo za thupi zomwe zimawonekera ku dzuwa (nkhope, khosi ndi manja). Squamous cell carcinoma - zizindikiro:
- kukula kapena kusintha mawonekedwe, mtundu wa birthmark , warts;
- kupweteka mu kupweteka kwa chotupa;
- kuyabwa;
- chiwonetsero choyaka nthawi;
- Kufiira kuzungulira malo okhudzidwa;
- kutupa kwa khungu lozungulira;
- Kuphwanyidwa kwokhudzidwa pamalo owonongeka.
Squamous cell carcinoma ya chiberekero
Malo amodzi a kukula kwa chotupa ichi ndi gawo la kusintha kosavuta kwa eplaylium mu multilinkrical epithelium. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zaumoyo amanena kuti squamous cell carcinoma ya chiberekero imayambira kumbuyo kwa papillomavirus yomwe ikupita patsogolo. Matendawa mu mawonekedwe osapitirira anapezeka mwa odwala 75% omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana. Khansara yotchedwa scamous isanatinized cervical khansa ndi yowonjezereka, chifukwa mawonekedwe a multilayer epithelium amachititsa maselo kukhala osakanikirana. Zizindikiro zosiyana ndizosawerengeka:
- kutuluka mwadzidzidzi mutangoyamba;
- kupweteka kosalekeza m'dera la pubic;
- kuswa kwa defecation;
- Kutaya magazi kunja kwa msambo;
- ululu pakugonana;
- mavuto okhwima.
Squamous cell carcinoma ya m'mapapo
Nthenda yotereyi imayamba pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi mitundu ina ya matendawa ndipo nthawi yayitali sichikugwirizana ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Squamous cell carcinoma ya m'mapapo imakhala ndi mpweya wambiri, nthawi zambiri imakula muzu wa chiwalo (pafupifupi 70%), nthawizina chotupa chimapezeka mu khoma lachimake. Pamene kukula kwake kukuwonjezeka, minofu ya khansa imalepheretsa (kupinga) njira yopuma. Mofananamo, imapanga ming'oma ndi necrosis pakati ndikulola mavitamini ambiri.
Pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma ili ndi chithunzi chotere:
- chifuwa chouma kwa nthawi yaitali;
- chithandizo;
- Kuchita chizoloŵezi cha chibayo ndi matenda ena opweteka;
- kumverera kwa kusowa kwa mpweya;
- kupuma pang'ono.
Squamous cell carcinoma ya larynx
Mtundu wosalongosoka wa chotupa choopsa chingakhale cha mitundu iwiri:
- Kuchulukitsa-ulcerative kapena endophytic squamous cell carcinoma ya larynx - yoyamba yaying'ono yolimba imapezeka pa epithelium, yomwe pamapeto pake imadwalitsa. Patapita kanthawi, makonzedwe omangika ndi zotsatira zofanana amapangidwanso. Zilonda zimakula ndikuphatikizana, zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke.
- Tumor squamous cell carcinoma (exophytic carcinoma). Chovalachi chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulu omwe amakhala ndi pang'onopang'ono. Zimakula mofulumira kwambiri, zitha kuikidwa ndi maselo achikasu, masikelo ndi zida zobiriwira.
Makhalidwe:
- mawu osasunthika;
- aphonia;
- mpweya wochepa;
- chifuwa chouma;
- kumverera kwa kukhalapo kwa chinthu chachilendo kummero (pakhosi);
- hemoptysis.
Squamous cell carcinoma ya mimba
Mng'onoting'ono wamtundu uwu wa nthenda yoopsa imakula ndi matenda opatsirana a reflux opitirira. Potsutsana ndi kuponyedwa kwa madzi ammimba m'mimba, pang'onopang'ono pamakhala kukula kwakukulu. Chifukwa cha zizindikiro zosaoneka bwino, chithandizo cha squamous cell carcinoma chimayamba kale kumapeto. Zizindikiro Zodziwika:
- zowawa m'madera amtundu wa khalidwe lopweteka;
- dysphagia (zovuta kumeza);
- kusanza kwamagazi;
- zosautsa phokoso pa kutulutsa thupi, makamaka ngati chotupacho chiri chochuluka kapena matenda a bakiteriya agwirizana;
- kumangirira ndi magawo a chakudya;
- kupweteka;
- Magazi amagawidwa m'madzimadzi.
Squamous cell carcinoma ya rectum
Chotupa cha zomwe zimafotokozedwa kumaloko ndi zizindikiro zachipatala chikufanana kwambiri ndi ziwalo za thupi, kotero odwala amapita kwa odwala oncologist kale kumapeto kwa matenda. Carcinoma ya rectum nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ziwalo zina zowonongeka - ming'alu mu anus, kutupa ndi thrombosis ya mitsempha. Zizindikiro zenizeni:
- kumverera kwa thupi lachilendo mu rectum;
- kuyabwa mkati kapena pafupi ndi anus;
- ululu mu anus;
- mavuto osowa, makamaka kuvomereza kapena kusinthana kwawo ndi kutsekula m'mimba;
- "Nkhosa zamphongo" - mpando mu mawonekedwe a mipira yochepa;
- Kumva kupweteka m'mimba kumanzere;
- kukhetsa mwazi pambuyo poti matumbo amachotsedwa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi ofiira kwambiri, tikhoza kubisala;
- kupweteka mu kukhala ndi kuyenda.
Squamous cell carcinoma ya lilime
Pali mitundu itatu ya matupi a chiwombankhanga chotere:
- Kupanda mphamvu. Kukula kumawoneka ngati chisindikizo, mofanana ndi kutalika kwa zida zathanzi. Khansara yotchedwa squamous kansa ya chifuwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu, imayambitsa malire ndipo imachititsa kuti ululu wowawa ululuke komanso kutuluka kwa lilime.
- Ulcerative. Pogwiritsa ntchito limba, pang'onopang'ono pali kukokoloka kwakukulu, komwe kumakula kumawonjezereka.
- Papillary. Squamous cell carcinoma imaonekera bwino, chotupacho chiri ndi mawonekedwe a mpira, ndipo chikuwonekera pamwamba pa pamwamba pa epithelium yachibadwa. Mtundu woterewu umakula pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi mitundu yapamwambayi.
Khansara ya lilime - zizindikiro:
- ululu m'kamwa;
- zilonda zopanda machiritso pamwamba;
- kuwotcha pakamwa;
- kuyabwa;
- kupuma;
- magazi;
- zovuta kutsegula pakamwa ndi kudya;
- chosangalatsa;
- kupweteka;
- kutupa kapena kutupa kwa nkhope, khosi;
- kumasula ndi kutaya mano;
- mimba yamagazi;
- kukhalapo kwa zisindikizo kapena makamwa pakamwa.