Kodi zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi zotani zomwe zingakhale zovuta kuti mwana akhale ndi trisomy mu chromosome 21 18 13 - tiyeni tiyesere kuzilingalira.
Kuchiza kwa Matenda
Matenda ambiri omwe amapezeka m'magazi - trisomy pa 13, 18, kapena 21 ma chromosome amapezeka chifukwa cha kugawanika kolakwika kwa jini mu njira yopatulira maselo. M'mawu ena, mwanayo amachokera kwa makolo mmalo mwa ma chromosomes omwe anauzidwa, pomwe makope ena 13, 18 kapena 21 omwe amakhala ndi chromosome amachititsa kuti thupi likhale lokonzeka.
Malingana ndi ziwerengero, trisomy pa chromosome 21 (Down's cider) imapezeka nthawi zambiri kuposa trisomy pa chromosome ya 13 ndi 18. Ndipo kuyembekezera moyo wa ana obadwa ndi syndromes a Patau ndi Edwards, monga lamulo, ndi osachepera chaka. Pamene ogwira makope atatu a chromosome 21 akupulumuka ku ukalamba.
Koma mulimonsemo, ana omwe ali ndi vuto lofanana ndilo sangathe kukhala amphumphu athunthu, tikhoza kunena kuti ali osungulumwa komanso akuvutika. Choncho, amayi apakati omwe, atatha kuwonetsetsa kachilombo ka mankhwala, anapeza chiopsezo chachikulu cha trisomy pa chromosome ya 13, 18, 21, ndipo akuwerenganso. Ngati matendawa atsimikiziridwa, iwo angapemphedwe kuthetsa mimba.
Trisomy 21 18 13: kutanthauzira za kusanthula
Kuopsa kokhala ndi mwana ndi trisomy 21, 18, kapena 13th chromosome kumawonjezera nthawi ndi zaka za mayi, koma izi sizingatheke kwa atsikana aang'ono. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ana obadwa ndi matendawa, asayansi apanga njira yapadera yowunikira yomwe imalola munthu kudandaula kuti chinachake chili cholakwika pa nthawi ya mimba.
Pa gawo loyambalo la matenda, amayi apamtsogolo, madokotala amalimbikitsidwa kuti apititse mayeso oyesera, makamaka, omwe amatchedwa kuyesedwa katatu. Kuchokera pa masabata 15-20, mayiyo amapereka magazi, malinga ndi momwe mlingo ulili: AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), estriol, hCG ndi inhibin-A. Zomalizazi ndizo zizindikiro za chitukuko ndi chikhalidwe cha mwanayo.
Pofuna kukhazikitsa chiopsezo cha trisomy pa chromosome ya 21, 18, 13, zaka zoyendera zikufanizitsa zizindikiro zomwe analandira. Zimadziwika kuti amai ali ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a fetal Down syndrome:
- ali ndi zaka zoposa 25 1: 1250;
- mu zaka 30 - 1: 1000;
- muzaka 35 - 1: 400;
- mu zaka 40 - 1: 100;
- mu amayi apakati oposa 45, nthawi zina chiopsezo cha matendawa chimakula - 1 mpaka 40.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati zotsatira za kuyang'anitsitsa kwa mayi wazaka 38 ndi 1:95, izi zikuwonetsa ngozi yowonjezereka komanso kufunika kofufuza zina. Pogwiritsa ntchito matendawa, njira monga chorion biopsy , amniocentesis , cordocentesis, placentocentesis amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kudalira kwa kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo chokhala ndi ana omwe ali ndi trisomy 13, 18, malinga ndi msinkhu wa amayi, amatchulidwanso, koma sikunatchulidwe mofanana ndi momwe zilili ndi trisomy 21. Mu 50%, zolakwikazo zimawonetsedwa pa ultrasound. Kwa katswiri wodziwa zambiri, sikovuta kudziwa Edwards kapena Patau syndrome ndi zizindikiro.
