- Adilesi: Ülikooli 18, 50090 Tartu, Estonia;
- Foni: +372 737 5100;
- Website: ut.ee;
- Woyambitsa: Gustav II Adolf;
- Kuyambira tsiku: 1632.
M'tawuni ya Tartu ya ku Estonia muli zipilala zambiri za mbiri yakale ndi zomangamanga, imodzi mwa zochititsa chidwi ndi yunivesite. Dipatimenti yapamwamba yophunzitsa yakhala yotchuka chifukwa cha bohemian ndi nzeru zapamwamba, zomwe zakhala ziri m'makonzedwe ndi nyumba zogona kwa nthawi yaitali. Yunivesite ya Tartu ndiyo yakale kwambiri ku Estonia , yomwe ili m'ndandanda wa mabungwe apamwamba apamwamba pa maphunziro padziko lonse lapansi.
University of Tartu - ndondomeko
Bungwe lapamwamba la maphunziro likuphatikizidwa mu mayiko ena a European universities monga Utrecht Network ndi Coimbra Group. Koma alendo akubwera kudzachiwona komanso chifukwa china ku Tartu (Estonia) - Yunivesite ya Tartu imakhala ndi nyumba zomwe zimakhala zochititsa chidwi kwambiri mumzindawu. Ku malo apamwamba a maphunziro, akatswiri amaphunzitsidwa ku madera otsatirawa:
- philology;
- mankhwala;
- maganizo;
- sayansi yamakompyuta.
Ponseponse, pali magulu anayi ku yunivesite, ogawidwa mu masukulu ndi makoleji, komanso palinso miyambo ina mumzinda wina: Narva, Pärnu ndi Viljandi. Ku likulu la Estonia ndi ofesi ya Sukulu ya Law ndi Maritime Institute, komanso maimidwe ake. Koma nyumba zambiri zimakhala ku Tartu.
Mbiri ya chilengedwe
Tsiku la maziko a University of Tartu likuyesedwa kuti ndi June 30, 1632. Pa tsiku limeneli mfumu ya ku Sweden inasaina lamulo lokhazikitsa Dorpat Academy. Limenelo linali dzina loyamba la malo ophunzitsira omwe analipo, pamene Estonia inali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Sweden.
Mu 1656, yunivesite inasamutsidwa ku Tallinn, ndipo pofika mu 1665 ntchito zake zinatha. Yunivesite inatsegula zitseko zake pamaso pa iwo omwe ankafuna kupeza chidziwitso mu 1690, pamene adapezanso ku Tartu. Tsopano dzina lake limatchedwa Academia Gustavo-Carolina. 1695-1697 zinali zovuta ku yunivesite chifukwa cha zochitika zotsutsana ndi Swedish, zomwe zinayambitsa njala mumzindawu. Choncho, sukuluyi inasamutsidwa ku Pärnu, monga momwe zinaliri zabwino.
Mu 1889 ntchito yophunzirayo inali Russia, ndipo yunivesite yomweyo inatchedwanso Imperial Yuryevsky. Ndi dzina limeneli, linatha mpaka 1918. Dzina lake lenileni linaperekedwa ku bungwe la nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse. Pamene gawoli lidalamulidwa ndi Ajeremani, yunivesite idasamutsidwa ku Boma Loyamba la Dziko.
Pa December 1, 1919, anayamba ntchito yoyang'aniridwa ndi Peeter Puld, ndipo asayansi omwe anaitanidwa anali ochokera ku Sweden, Finland ndi Germany. Maphunzirowa tsopano anachitidwa mu Chiestonia. Estonia itafika ku USSR, pulogalamuyo inasinthidwa, mgwirizano wakale unasweka. M'nthaŵi ya Soviet, omaliza maphunziro a yunivesite anakhala odziŵika kwambiri afilosolo, akatswiri a zinenero ndi madokotala ochita opaleshoni, komanso anthu ena ambiri odziwika bwino.
Pambuyo pa kubwezeretsedwa kwa ufulu wa Estonia, University of Tartu inali yotanganidwa kwambiri kukonzanso maulendo osochera ndi miyambo kuyambira 1989 mpaka 1992. Lero sukulu ndi yotchuka komanso yabwino kwambiri m'dzikoli. Koma alendo sachita chidwi kwambiri ndi mapulogalamu a maphunziro monga museum wa University of Tartu.
Zizindikiro za nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale
Mu nyumba yosungiramo zamaphunziro mungaphunzire zambiri zokhudza mbiri ya sayansi, momwe maphunziro a yunivesite asinthira kuyambira zaka za zana la 17 kufikira lero. Zitsogoleredwe zidzanenanso za moyo wa ophunzira, zakuthambo ndi mankhwala. Maulendo akuchitika osati mu Chiestonia ndi Chingerezi chabe, komanso mu Chirasha, Chijeremani. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imagulitsa zochitika, pali magulu ogwira ntchito, komanso magulu a ana.
Nyumba yosungirako nyumbayi imatsegulidwa kwa alendo kuyambira May mpaka kumapeto kwa September, tikiti imadula 5 euro kwa akuluakulu ndi 4 euro kwa ana, izi ndi mitengo ya chilimwe. Nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale imatha kupezeranso kuyambira ku Oktoba mpaka kumapeto kwa April kwa 4 euros pa akuluakulu komanso 3 euro pa mwana.
Malo oyang'anitsitsa
Kuyenda ndi kuzungulira nyumba ya yunivesite, yomangidwa mu chikhalidwe choyambirira chopangidwa ndi wopanga mapulani Johann Krause. Zochitika zonse zofunika ndi zolemetsa zimakondweretsedwa mu zokongoletsera zodabwitsa za nyumba ya msonkhano.
Chinthu china "chomveka" cha nyumbayi ndi selo m'katikati mwa nyumba yosanja. Apa, anadzudzula ophunzira akale kuganiza za khalidwe lawo. Kukhalapo kwawo kumayankhulidwa ndi zithunzi zosiyanasiyana pamakoma, zitseko komanso ngakhale padenga. Panthawi imodzimodziyo pali zithupi zopangidwa ndi anthu pazithunzi za nyumbayo, zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta kupeza graphite yamakono.
Laibulale ya University of Tartu idachita chikondwerero chazaka 200, koma pakali pano nyumbayi yatsekedwa kuti akonzedwe. Ngati choyamba chinali pa chipinda chachiwiri cha nyumba yaumwini, ndiye chifukwa cha thumba lokulitsa linasankhidwa kupereka nyumba yosiyana. Kenaka katswiri wina dzina lake I. Krause anakonzanso masewera a tchalitchi chokongola cha Gothic, chomwe chinawonongedwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya Livonian komanso moto wa 1624.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti mnyumba ino chombo choyamba chinamangidwa kuti atenge mabuku. Ngongole yamakono ya lero ili pafupi mabuku 4 miliyoni, omwe alipo ambiri osinthidwa. Pokubwera zipangizo zamakono, makina odziwa zamagetsi anakhazikitsidwa, omwe ophunzira ndi akatswiri akufufuza zofunikira zochokera kuntchito.
Kodi mungapeze bwanji?
Kupita ku Yunivesite ya Tartu sikudzakhala kovuta, chifukwa kuli ku Old Town . Mukhoza kufika pamabasi, mutuluke pa "Raeplats" kapena "Lai".