- Adilesi: Ülikooli 18 50090 Tartu, Estonia;
- Woyambitsa: Hermann Buksgewden;
- Nthawi ya ntchito: cf. - Sun. kuyambira 11:00 mpaka 17:00;
- Foni: +372 737 5674;
- Website: muuseum.ut.ee.
Tsogolo la Dome la Chedral, lomwe lili mumzinda wa Tartu , wa Estonia , lomwe ndilo nyumba yaikulu kwambiri yokonza mapulani, ndi lapadera komanso lopweteka. Nyumba yomangidwa m'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages siigwiritsidwe ntchito pa cholinga chake. Ntchito yobwezeretsa imagwira mbali yochepa yokha yomanga nyumba. Tsopano mu gawo ili ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku University of Tartu.
Mbiri ya zochitika
Katolika ya Dome ya Peter ndi Paul inamangidwa pa malo ofunika kwambiri - phiri lomwe lili pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Emajõgi. Kuyambira nthawi zakale kunali kulimbikitsidwa kwa achikunja a ku Estonia, koma mu 1224 chiyambi choyambirira chinawonongedwa ndi ogonjetsa a Livonia. Kuti adzipangire nokha pa dziko logonjetsedwa, amishonale anayamba kumanga linga, lomwe likanakhala malo a bishopu, Castrum Tarbatae.
Zotsala zonse za nyumbayi ndizo mabwinja a makoma, omwe akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale amapeza chifukwa cha kufufuza. Gawo lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 13 linadziwika ndi kuyamba kwa kumangidwa kwa tchalitchi cha Gothic pa theka lina la phirilo. Pafupi ndi iyo manda ndi nyumba zaulimi zinayambira. Katolikayo inadzipatulira kulemekeza Oyera Petro ndi Paulo, omwe anali oyang'anira a mzindawo.
Ntchito yomangamanga inakhala nyumba yaikulu kwambiri yachipembedzo ku Eastern Europe, komanso pakati pa bishopu wa Dorpatian. Choyamba, Katolika (Dome Cathedral) (Tartu) inamangidwa monga ma tchalitchi, koma patapita nthawi, nyumba yaikulu idalumikizana ndi makanema, ndipo nyumbayo inakhala ngati nyumba ya tchalitchi.
Zowonjezera zoyamba zinayambira kale mu 1299, ndipo pambuyo pa zaka mazana awiri tchalitchicho chinakongoletsedwa ndi makola akulu, mizati ndi mabwalo. Zonsezi zinapangidwa ndi njerwa za Gothic. Pamapeto pake, panaoneka nsanja zikuluzikulu ziwiri, mamita 66 m'lifupi, mbali iliyonse kumbali ya kumadzulo. Ntchito yomanga inamalizidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za XV, pamene khoma linakhazikitsidwa, kulekanitsa malo a bishopu ku mzinda wonse.
Momwe tchalitchichi chinagwirira ntchito
Kuwonongedwa kwa nyumbayi kunayambika chifukwa cha Kusinthika, kumene tchalitchichi chikumenyedwa ndi zisudzo za Chiprotestanti. Pambuyo pa Bishopu wotsiriza wa Katolika atatumizidwa ku Ufumu wa Russia, tchalitchichi sichinagwirenso ntchito, chinawonongedwa, monga mzinda wonse, pa nkhondo ya Livonian.
Kuyesera kukonzanso dongosololi kunayambika ndi Akatolika, pamene gawolo linali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Poland, koma izi zinaletsedwa ndi nkhondo ndi Sweden. Pambuyo pa moto, zomwe zinachitika mu 1624, nyumbayi inawonongedwa kwambiri. Katolikayo inasanduka mabwinja pamene gawolo linkapita ku Sweden mu 1629.
Akuluakulu am'deralo ankagwiritsa ntchito manda okha mpaka m'zaka za zana la XVIII, ndipo nyumba zotsalazo zinasandulika nkhokwe. Komanso, kutalika kwa nsanja kunasinthika kufika mamita 22, pamwamba pake mfuti zinayikidwa, ndipo khomo lalikulu lidawonongeka. Zonsezi zinachitika mu 1760s.
Atatha kuyunivesite ya Dorpat pa mabwinja a tchalitchi chachikulu, laibulale yamanyumba itatu inamangidwa, yokonzedwa ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga Krause. Anakhalanso ndi lingaliro la kusandutsa nsanja imodzi kukhala yosungirako zinthu. Komabe, izi sizinayembekezere kuti zichitike, kotero chipinda choyang'anira chimangidwe chinamangidwa kuchokera pachiyambi.
M'zaka zotsatira, laibulale inakula kwambiri, ndipo nyumbayo inali ndi zotentha zowonjezera. Pang'onopang'ono nyumbayo inasandulika kukhala nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yunivesite, yomwe imasunga masauzande ambirimbiri apadera.
Kwa alendo pa cholemba
Chilumba kumene Katolika ya Dome ilipo imasandulika ku paki komwe alendo angakhale ndi zakudya zopatsa phokoso m'malo odyetserako anthu onse, komanso amayenda pambali zonsezi ndikuyamikira zipilala za anthu ena otchuka. Kuchokera ku tchalitchi cha Katolika kunali malo osungirako malo, kumene anthu onse akuyenda.
Kuti muchite izi, ndikwanira kugula tikiti yolowera ndikugonjetsa makwerero, omwe, mosiyana ndi malo ena ofanana, ndi ovuta. Ali panjira alendo apamwamba akuona bwino bwalo lamkati la tchalitchi, ndipo akhoza kuyang'ana mkatikati mwa tchalitchi. Thandizo kuti mudziwe za Cathedral of Dome, zomwe zingathe kuwonedwa musanafike.
Pokhala ku Tartu , alendo onse akuyang'ana kumene Katolika ya Dome imapezeka. Ili pamwamba pa phiri la Toomemyagi m'kati mwa mbiri ya Tartu, pa Lossi Tanav Street, 25. Koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti poyendera tchalitchichi kutsegulidwa kokha m'chilimwe. Nsanja ikhoza kukwera ngati mufika nthawi kuyambira April mpaka November.
Pali nthano zambiri zogwirizana ndi Dome Cathedral. Mmodzi wa iwo akunena za mzimu wa msungwana wamng'ono wokhala ndi mipanda m'makoma a kachisi. M'chaka chatsopano, akuyendayenda pozungulira tchalitchi ndikuyang'ana munthu amene mungamupatse gulu la mafungulo omwe amanyamula naye nthawi zonse. Kuwonjezera apo, amakhulupirira kuti mzimu ukhoza kunena za malo omwe chumacho chili pa tsiku linalake. Komabe, tsiku ndilo ili, palibe amene amadziwa.
Kodi mungapeze bwanji?
Mukhoza kupita ku Dome Cathedral pa basi, muyenera kuchoka pa malo ena oyandikira: "Raeplats", "Lai" ndi "Näituse".