Zaka za Korea

Chipembedzo chachikhalidwe ku South Korea ndi Buddhism, chimachitika ndi anthu 22,8%. M'dzikoli, chikhristu, Islam ndi shamanism ndizofala. Kuti anthu okhalamo akhale ndi mwayi wopembedza milungu yawo, akachisi osiyanasiyana amapezeka m'dziko lonselo.

Chidziwitso chachidziwitso pazithunzithunzi za Chibuda

Chikhalidwe chofala kwambiri cha Buddhism mu boma ndi Mahayana kapena "Great Chariot". Imaonekera mwa mawonekedwe a Zen ndipo ili ndi sukulu 18. Wotchuka kwambiri mwa iwo ndi Choge.

Kwazaka mazana angapo, Chibuddha chakhala nacho chisonkhezero champhamvu pa kukhazikitsidwa miyambo ndi chikhalidwe cha dzikoli . Chiwonetsero chachipembedzo chikhoza kuwonedwa mu zojambula zambiri, zojambulajambula, zojambulajambula ndi zomangamanga za mizinda. Chiwonetsero choonekera kwambiri cha chikhulupiliro chimenechi ndi akachisi a mbiri yakale ku South Korea.

Chiwerengero chawo chimaposa zikwi khumi, zina ndizozilemba m'ndandandanda wa malo a UNESCO, ena ndi chuma cha dziko la Korea. Zipembedzo zambiri za Buddhist zimasunga zinthu zamtengo wapatali komanso zofukula zamatabwa. Pafupifupi maina onse opatulika amawonjezera syllable "-sa", yomwe imamasulira kuti "kachisi".

Nyumba iliyonse ili ndi zomangamanga komanso zokongoletsera, koma m'malo onse opatulika muli:

1. Gates Ilchhulmun (ndi chithandizo chimodzi) - amatchedwanso Hathalmun. Zimatanthawuza mgwirizano wa thupi ndi moyo wa oyendayenda, komanso chikhumbo chake chodziŵa yekha. Pogwiritsa ntchito mzerewu, alendo amachoka kudziko lodziwika ndikulowa mu ufumu wa Buddha.
2. Pudo - ziboliboli zamwala zomwe zili ndi madenga oyambirira. Pano pali phulusa la olemekezeka a amonke ndi a ringlets (mipira), zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti munthu wakufayo ndi woyera. Okhulupirira amalandira madalitso pafupi ndi zipilalazi.
3. Cheonvanmun ndi chipata cha mafumu akumwamba, omwe amapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a milungu yoopsa ndipo adapangidwa kuti athetse mizimu yoyipa. Kawirikawiri iwo ali ndi pagoda, chinjoka, saber kapena chitoliro m'manja.
4. Pulimun ndi njira yopita ku nirvana kapena kumasulidwa. Amaimira kuwuka kwa chikumbumtima ndikukhala njira yachipembedzo.
5. Bwalo lamkati - malire ake pamphepete mwa nyanja akufotokozedwa ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana, zomwe maulaliki, malingaliro ndi kuphunzira dharma zikuchitika.

Nyumba khumi za Buddhist zotchuka kwambiri ku Korea

M'dziko muli malo ambiri opatulika, otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:

1. Sinhyntsa - ili pamtunda wa phiri la Soraksan . Nyumbayi imatengedwa kukhala kachisi wakale kwambiri wa Zen Buddhism padziko lapansi. Anakhazikitsidwa mu 653 AD, pambuyo pake adawonongedwa kangapo chifukwa cha moto ndi kubwereranso. Pali fano lalikulu la Buddha, lochokera ku mkuwa ndi kulemera matani 108.
2. Kachisi wa zikwi zambiri za Buddha ali pamtunda wa nkhalango zamapiri. Iye ndi mzere wazithunzi zazikulu za Shakyamuni, zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mu bwalo. Pakatikati ndi chifaniziro cha mamita ambiri cha Bodhisattva chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku bronze ndikukhala pa lotus.
3. Ponyns ndi kachisi wakale womwe uli mumzinda wa dzikoli pamtunda wa Phiri la Sudo. Kachisiyo anamangidwa mu 794, koma kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi (20th century) anali pafupi kuwonongedwa. Pakali pano nyumbayo imabwezeretsedwa ndipo imatenga amwendamnjira. Woyendera aliyense pano akhoza kubwezeretsanso tsiku limodzi mu monki ndikudzimva yekha zokondweretsa moyo wotere.
4. Haeins ndi imodzi mwa akachisi otchuka kwambiri a Buddhist m'chigawo chomwe chikuimira Dharma. Pano pali malemba opatulika a "Tripitaka Koreana", chiwerengero chake chomwe chimaposa 80,000. Zithunzizo zinali zojambula pamapangidwe a matabwa ndipo zinalembedwa m'ndandanda wa mayiko a UNESCO. Malo opatulikawa ali m'dera la Kensan-Namdo pa phiri la Kayasan .
5. Pulgux - dzina la nyumbayi limasuliridwa ngati "nyumba ya amonke m'dziko la Buddhist." Nyumba ya amonke imaphatikizapo zinthu 7, zomwe ndi National Treasures. Kachisi wokha akuphatikizidwa m'ndandandanda wa malo a UNESCO World Heritage (pamodzi ndi chigwa cha Sokkuram ). Pano pali chitsanzo choyamba cha buku lofalitsidwa pa dziko lapansi, lomwe linalengedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la chisanu ndi chiwiri AD. pamapepala achi Japan.
6. Thondosa - ndi malo osungirako amonke omwe ali mumzinda wa Yangsan pamtunda wa phiri la Yonchuksan. Iyi ndi imodzi mwa akachisi aakulu a Order of Choge ku South Korea. Pano pali zosungidwa zenizeni za Buddha ndi chidutswa cha zovala zake. Mu nyumba ya amonke mulibe chifaniziro chimodzi cha Shakyamuni, amwendamnjira amapembedza zokha zopatulika.
7. Nyumba ya Pomos ili ku Busan City ku South Korea pa Phiri la Kimjonsan . Ndi kachisi, womwe ndi wakale kwambiri m'dzikolo ndipo uli ndi gawo lalikulu. Nyumba ya amonke inamangidwa mu 678 ndi Monk Yisan. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1600, a ku Japan ankawotcha kachisi. Mu 1613, kumangidwanso kunayambika apa, chifukwa gawoli linakula.
8. Chogesa - kachisi ali pakatikati pa Seoul ndipo ndi mtima wa Chikunja cha Chikunja cha Zen. Nyumba yaikuluyi ndi Taunjeong, yomangidwa mu 1938. Yokongoletsedwa ndi ma tanchon, ndipo mkati mwake muli chojambula cha Buddha Sokgamoni. M'bwalo la zovuta mukhoza kuona pagoda 7, yomwe phulusa la amonke limasungidwa. Pafupi ndi khomo limakula mitengo iwiri yamtengo wapatali: white pine ndi sophora. Kutalika kwake kumafikira mamita 26, ndipo zaka zoposa zaka 500.
9. Bonguunsa - kachisi ali ku Seoul ndipo ndi wakale kwambiri. Anakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za m'ma VIII. Kachisi amamangidwa mumapangidwe akale ndipo amakongoletsedwa ndi zojambulajambula.
10. Hwännensa ndi kachisi wa chinjoka chachikasu kapena chifumu. Anali chigawo cha Buddhism mu dziko la Silla. Pano pali mabuku achipembedzo olemekezeka kwambiri, omwe anapezeka panthawi ya kufukula.

Mipingo ya Orthodox ku South Korea

Utsogoleri uwu wa chipembedzo cha Chikhristu unayamba kukula mwadzidzidzi m'dziko la XIX. Izi zinkatsogoleredwa ndi ntchito yaumishonale ya Tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox. Mu 2011, chiwerengero cha okhulupilira chinali pafupifupi 3,000. Pali abambo awiri:

• ntchito yauzimu yomwe ili m'mphamvu ya Tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox;
• Constantinople, yomwe ili ndi mzinda wa Korea kugawo la boma.

Ngati mukufuna kupita ku matchalitchi a Orthodox ku Korea, mverani mipingo yotere:

1. Mpingo wa St. Nicholas wa Myra uli ku Seoul. Iyo inamangidwa mu 1978 mu style la Byzantine. Pano mukhoza kuona zithunzi 2 zakale: Seraphim wa Monk wa Sarov ndi Mama wa Tikhvin wa Mulungu. Iwo anabweretsedwa kudziko ndi amishonale oyambirira. Ntchito zaumulungu mu tchalitchi zimapangidwa ku Korea Lamlungu lililonse.
2. Mpingo wa St. George Wopambana - kachisiyo ali ku Busan, pafupi ndi sitimayo. Mapemphero pano amachitika Lamlungu lapitali la mwezi muchinenero cha Chisilavoni cha Tchalitchi.
3. Mpingo wa Kutchulidwa kwa Mariya Namwali Wodalitsika - unakhazikitsidwa mu 1982, ndipo patapita zaka 18 unamangidwanso kwambiri. Chifukwa cha malo osakwana okwanira, amonkewa ali ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana cha Orthodoxy. Mpingo uli mu nyumba yosungirako 4-storey pa mlingo womaliza. Iye ali ndi sukulu yachipembedzo. Parishi imapezeka ndi okhulupirira 200 ku Korea.

Kodi ndi ma tempile ena ati omwe ali ku South Korea?

Pali mipingo ina yachikhristu m'dzikoli, osati Orthodox. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

1. Yoyyido ndi mpingo wa Chipentekoste wa Chipentekoste wa Full Gospel, umene umatengedwa kuti ndi umodzi mwa akulu padziko lapansi ndipo uli ndi mipingo 24 ya satellite. Utumiki kuno umachitika Lamlungu mu magawo asanu ndi awiri, umatumizidwa ku dziko lonse lapansi kudzera pa televizioni muzinenero 16.
2. Mendon ndi Cathedral ya Katolika ya Immaculate Conception ya Blessed Virgin Mary. Nyumbayi ndi chithunzi cha mbiri yakale komanso yamakono ndipo ili pa mndandanda wa chuma cha dziko pansi pa No. 258. Pano pali malipiro a zidutswa za ofera a m'deralo omwe adafa pomenyera nkhondo.