Myasthenia gravis ndi imodzi mwa matenda osokoneza bongo, omwe makamaka amakhudzidwa ndi anthu ali aang'ono. Kwenikweni kuchokera ku Chigriki chilembo ichi chimamasuliridwa kuti "kupweteka kwa minofu", chomwe chimalongosola mwachidule chizindikiro chachikulu. Mwachibadwa, sitinena za kufooka kwa minofu, kumene anthu amakumana nawo pambuyo pochita mwakhama. Pano funsoli ndi loopsa kwambiri - kutopa kwapadera kwa mitsempha yamtundu, makamaka mutu ndi khosi.
Zofunika ndi Zoona
Kwa nthawi yoyamba matenda a myasthenia gravis amafotokozedwa m'mabuku a zaka za m'ma 1800, ndipo m'zaka za m'ma 1800 adapeza dzina lovomerezeka. Chithandizo chokwanira ndi choyenera cha mankhwala chinagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, ndi kupititsa patsogolo mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Myasthenia amadziwika kuti ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino, kutanthauza kuti, thupi la munthu limayambitsa matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito maselo ndi zinyama zokhazokha komanso kukula kwa zotupa.
Zimadziwika kuti nthawi zambiri ndi zizindikiro za myasthenia gravis pali akazi, ndipo matendawa amayamba kudziwonetsera okha ali aang'ono, kuyambira zaka 20 mpaka 40. Palinso milandu ya congenital myasthenia gravis, yomwe mwachiwonekere ndi yobadwa. Matendawa ndi osowa kwambiri, pafupifupi 0.01% a anthu, koma madokotala akuwona njira yowonongeka mobwerezabwereza.
Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi njira za chitukuko cha myasthenia gravis
Njira yopezera chitukuko cha myasthenia imachokera ku kuphwanya kapena kukwanira kwathunthu kwa ntchito ya magulu a neuromuscular. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma antibodies, omwe amapangidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi (autoimmune reaction). Kawirikawiri, mbali yaikulu mu njirayi imayambitsa thymus gland - chiwalo cha chitetezo chaumunthu cha munthu, chomwe chimakhala chotupa choyipa. Chifukwa cha matendawa, madokotala amatchula kuti zimayambitsa mavitamini, zomwe zimagwira ntchito mwachindunji kumanga kachipangizo kameneka.
Madokotala amatchula zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa aziipiraipira kwambiri:
- mavuto ;
- kachilombo koyambitsa matenda ndi mazira ena;
- kusintha kwakukulu kwa nyengo (mayiko otentha);
- mankhwala okonzekera (antibiotics, beta-blockers, etc.).
Mawonetseredwe am'zipatala
Myasthenia gravis amadziwonetsera yekha mu zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- Diso. Nthawi zambiri imakhala gawo loyamba la matendawa. Zimasonyezedwa mwa kuchepetsa (ptosis) maso a maso (or one), strabismus, ndi masomphenya awiri m'maso, omwe angakhoze kuwonetseredwa pa ndege zowoneka ndi zopanda malire. Zizindikiro kawirikawiri zimakhala zolimba - ndiko kuti, amasintha tsiku lonse - amakhala ofooka m'mawa kapena palibe, ndipo pofika madzulo.
- Bulbarnaya. Pano, minofu ya nkhope ndi larynx imakhudzidwa poyamba, monga momwe wodwalayo ali ndi mawu amkati, nkhope yake ya nkhope imaipiraipira, ndipo zochitika zowopsya zimaonekera. Komanso, ntchito yowola ndi kuyeta ingasokonezedwe, pakati pa chakudya. Kawirikawiri, mutapuma, ntchitoyi imabwezeretsedwa.
- Kufooka mu minofu ya miyendo ndi khosi. Odwala samatero
akhoza kugwirizira mutu wawo mofanana, phokoso laphwanyika, ndi kovuta kukweza manja kapena ngakhale kudzuka pa mpando. Pachifukwa ichi, ngakhale katundu wochepa thupi amakula kwambiri mawonetseredwe a matendawa.
Myasthenia gravis ikhoza kudziwonetsera yokha mu mawonekedwe apamtundu ndi maiko onse, omwe amawoneka kuti ndi ovuta kwambiri, chifukwa akhoza kuwononga ntchito za kupuma. Matendawa ali ndi chikhalidwe chopita patsogolo, ndi maonekedwe a mauthenga achilendo a nthawi yaitali, osadutsa pa mpumulo, komanso zovuta zowopsa, zomwe zingayambitse imfa. Choncho, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse, muyenera kuwona dokotala.