M'nthaŵi ya sayansi ndi intaneti, kuyang'anira anthu kwakhala kosavuta ndipo angaphunzire. Pali njira zomwe zinakhalapo ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kumayambiriro kwaumunthu, zomwe zimachokera ku psychology ndi khalidwe la anthu ovuta. Amathandiza kutsogolera mdani kumalo amene woyang'anira amafunika.
Kodi umisiri wamakono ndi chiyani?
Mawu akuti "engineering engineering" (SI) amatanthauza mfundo zingapo. Yoyamba ikukhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndipo imatanthawuza njira zomwe zimasintha khalidwe laumunthu, kulamulira ena, zochita zawo. Njirazi zikukonzekera kusintha kayendetsedwe ka bungwe, popeza mfundo yovuta kwambiri ya kayendedwe kalikonse ndi chinthu chaumunthu.
Mwanjira ina, sayansi yamagulu ndi sayansi, ndipo mu gawo la chitetezo chazomwe, mawuwo amatanthauza njira yosaloleka kulandira chidziwitso. Mpaka pano, achinyengo akugwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwika, kuyesera kufika ku "tidbit" - chinsinsi kapena zamtengo wapatali. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo, lingaliroli lidafalikira, ngakhale kuti njira zopezera mfundo ndi kulondolera anthu zinali zodziwika kale nthawi ya makompyuta isanayambe.
Kodi kuchita zamagwiridwe kaumwini kumachita chiyani?
Njira zogwirira ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito zingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati chifukwa cha dyera (chifukwa cha chinyengo ndi kuwombera). Zomangamanga m'moyo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mavuto pakupanga, mmalo mwa chiyanjano. Kupanga mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, akatswiri mumunda uno akuyembekezera zolakwika zolakwika ndi makhalidwe a anthu. Ntchito zikuphatikizapo njira monga:
- kusanthula chinthu chopangidwa;
- kuyesa za chikhalidwe chake pakali pano ndi mtsogolo;
- Kukula kwa polojekiti yatsopano ya boma;
- Zosankha zotsatila za chitukuko chamkati ndi kunja;
- kukwaniritsa dongosolo.
Monga sayansi, chitukuko cha chitukuko chikukula m'madera ambiri: chikugwirizanitsa zomangamanga (zaumoyo, maphunziro, etc.), kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu ammudzi ndi ammudzi, magulu otsogolera ndi magulu, komanso kumanga mabungwe. Zomwe anthu angasinthe zingathe kusinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowoneratu zamtsogolo ndi kulongosola, kukonzekera ndi mapulogalamu.
Zomangamanga Zachikhalidwe - Psychology
Njira ndi njira za SI zimakongoletsera ku kuwerenga maganizo. Ngati tikulankhula za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa sayansi pazinthu zonyenga, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa anthu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi zomangamanga, kuti malangizo awa ndi osiyana ndi maganizo ndi NLP. Wopweteka akhoza kukhala wochenjera kwambiri komanso wophunzira kuposa wovutitsa, koma izi sizingamuthandize kupeŵa chinyengo. Njira zamakono zimagwirizana ndi khalidwe la reflex ndi chitsanzo; amachitapo kanthu mopyola malingaliro, nzeru ndi kumachitidwa pamlingo wa maganizo ndi kuletsa chidwi.
Njira zogwirira ntchito
Njira ndi njira zamakono zomangamanga zimachokera ku zolakwa ndi zopotoka mu khalidwe, kuganiza ndi kulingalira. Kwenikweni, iwo adagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamtengo wapatali. Chinyengo, kusewera pa zofooka ndi maganizo - zonsezi ndi zina zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mudziwe zambiri kuchokera kwa munthu. Mukhoza kutchula njira zofunikira zogwirizana ndi "nthawi zonse":
- mofulumira, kupanga nthawi yoperewera yotsutsa wotsutsa nthawi kuti aganizire ndi kutsimikizira deta;
- kukwiyitsa ndi kusokoneza (ndi cholinga chimodzi);
- Kukayikira ndi kusayanjanitsika (kotero kuti wotsutsanayo afune kudzilungamitsa yekha).
Anthu ogwiritsa ntchito njira za SI nthawi zonse amawathandiza. Ndondomeko yotchuka kwambiri yachinyengo masiku ano imatchedwa phishing (kuchokera ku English "nsomba"). Imeneyi ndiyo njira yotumiza mauthenga apakompyuta kuti atulutse deta yoyenera. Njira zina zodziwika bwino ndi magetsi otchedwa Trojan horse (pamene umbombo ndi chilakolako zimagwiritsidwa ntchito), kubwezeredwa kachiwiri kapena amene ali pafupi ndi quo (wonyenga amadziyerekezera kuti ndi munthu wina), wongoganizira (kukambirana pazokonzekera script).
Mitundu ya zomangamanga
Malinga ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito chinyengo, SI imagawidwa mu mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu: kutsogolo ndi kubwezeretsa zomangamanga. Njira zamakono zinanenedwa pamwambapa, ndipo m'chigawo chachiwiri wozunzidwayo amapempha thandizo kwa womenya. Munthu uyu akukakamizidwa ndi zochitika ngatizo zowononga (kupanga ntchito yosasinthika), panthawi yake yopereka malonda ndi kupereka thandizo. Cholinga chachikulu cha onyenga ndichokakamiza chinthucho kuti chigawire deta yake, kupereka zofunika zofunikira, koma izi ndizofunika kukhala katswiri wa maganizo.
Kukonzekera kwa Anthu kwa Oyamba
Posakhalitsa, sayansi yamakono monga sayansi yakhala ikukula mwamphamvu, yololeza kuti iyendetse khalidwe laumunthu ndi kuyendetsa bwino, koma nthawi yayitali ilipo monga njira zowonongeka. Akatswiri pantchitoyi akhala atapusitsa anthu kwa zaka makumi angapo, ndipo nthawi zonse mtengowo unayikidwa pa chinthu chaumunthu: chidwi, ulesi, mantha. Kuti musagwere mumsampha wa anthu ochita zoipa, muyenera kuzindikira zoyenera za osokoneza ndikumvetsetsa kuti zomwe zikupezeka poyera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi omwe adagawana nawo.
Zojambulajambula m'magulu a anthu
Pogwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a anthu m'miyoyo ya anthu, njira za SI zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mwa iwo. Pa masamba omwe anthu amadzipangira mwadzidzidzi enieni ndi okondedwa awo, amalumikizana mwachangu ngakhale ndi alendo, makamaka ngati sakuwoneka kuti ndi ndani kwenikweni. Kuwombera kumapanga mosavuta tsamba lamakono la bungwe lirilonse lamphamvu kapena kampani yodziwika kwambiri ndipo amaika "misampha" yawo kumeneko. Mwachidziwitso chokhacho chiri chonse chikuwoneka, koma palibe chomwe chingathe kufufuzidwa.
Zomangamanga ndi zofukiza pofuna cholinga chachinyengo ndi chinyengo ndizofala pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti. Palinso njira zina zochokera ku chidwi (chikhumbo chopita ku tsamba lokondweretsa, kuyesa kuti mudziwe zambiri za wina wogwiritsa ntchito) ndi mantha (zowonongeka zikuyimiridwa ndi ogwira ntchito za boma ndikufuna kupeza akauntiyo kapena kungopereka zowonjezereka). Kuukira kwa zomangamanga kumapambana ngati wobwebweta amachita molimba mtima komanso molakwika.
Zomangamanga za Anthu ndi NLP
Mapulogalamu a chinenero cha Neuro (NLP) ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito chidziwitso chochokera m'madera osiyanasiyana: linguistics, neurology, ndi psychology - pofuna kukopa wotsutsa kuti apange chisankho "chabwino". Kusamalira zamanjenje kumachitika ndi chithandizo cha zilankhulo. Mfundo zogwirira ntchito, njira zamakono ndi zikhulupiriro zimachotsedwa ku NLP. Wopwetekayo amakhudzidwa "mu nthawi yeniyeni", akufunira kupanga kupanga mwamsanga, kutembenukira kumalingaliro osadziwika a munthuyo.
Zomangamanga - mapindu
Kugwiritsira ntchito njira kumabweretsa zotsatira, ndipo kupusitsidwa ndi anthu ena kungapindulitse ndalama, koma njira izi zidzakhala zoletsedwa, zogwirizana ndi anthu achinyengo, kupeza mwayi wosadziwika ndi kupeza mwayi wa chikwama cha wina. Zomangamanga ndi ntchito - pali malo oti akhale, koma monga mtundu wa anthu. "Zapamwamba" akatswiri akufunikira mu bizinesi, boma ndi malamulo ndi dongosolo, magawo a moyo ndi umoyo. Ntchito zawo: kukonza bwino kayendetsedwe ka ntchito, kuthandizana, kuthetsa mavuto.
Zomangamanga za Anthu - Mabuku
Masiku ano, zomangamanga zimakhudza kwambiri anthu. Zolinga zikhoza kukhala zosiyana, koma chidwi mwa njira zothandizira nthawi zonse zimatenthetsa. Kuti mudziwe njira zamakono zowonongeka, mukhoza kuwerenga mabuku okhudzana ndi malonda ndi olemba mabuku a Kevin Mitnick, yemwe kale anali wolemba zachinyengo omwe anaphwanya machitidwe a makampani aakulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Awa ndi mabuku monga:
- "Chinyengo chachinyengo" ndi nkhani yowonetsa zinsinsi za zomangamanga.
- "Art of Invasion" - Buku lachiwiri la mndandanda wa zochitika za makompyuta.
- "Mzimu mu intaneti . " Zikumbutso za woopsa kwambiri "- nkhani yopanda nzeru, kusonyeza zomwe zinachitikira Mitnick.
Aliyense angathe kuphunzira kulamulira zochita za anthu ena ndikugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chawo kuti akhale ndi zolinga zabwino. Kuwongolera njira yolumikizira "njira" yolondola ndi yabwino komanso yopindulitsa, nthawi zina kumbali zonse ziwiri, koma ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa ena osokoneza anzawo, osokoneza anzawo, onyenga komanso osagwira ntchito. Chochitika cha nthawi yaitali cha SI chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza anthu.