Chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu mmasiku ano

Chidziwitso ndi chiphunzitso chomwe lingaliro lalikulu ndilo likulu la chilengedwe chonse, cholinga cha zochitika zonse ndizo munthu. Komanso, iye mwiniyo ndi microcosm, ndipo amabwezeretsanso chirichonse kupyolera mu ndende ya maganizo ake, kugawana choonadi ndi bodza.

Kodi chidziwitso ndi chiyani?

Kuwonetseratu za thupi ndi lingaliro lodziwika bwino lomwe limatsimikizira kuti munthu ndiye chilengedwe chonse komanso cholinga chachikulu cha zonse zomwe zimachitika padziko lapansi. Kuchokera ku Chilatini kumasuliridwa, monga kuphatikiza kwa mawu "munthu" ndi "pakati". Kodi chiphunzitso cha filosofi ndi chiyani? Kalekale, Socrates anayamba kupanga mawu awa, kenako adathandizidwa ndi afilosofi amasiku ano. Ndizoona kuti mtengo wa moyo umakhala wodalirika pokhapokha phindu la moyo woterewu, ndipo palibe china chilichonse. M'dziko lamakono mawu oti "chikhalidwe" amatanthauzira muzinthu zingapo:

1. Philosophical . Munthu - cholinga chachikulu cha chilengedwe chonse.
2. Chilankhulo . Kulingalira kwa makhalidwe.
3. Zamoyo . Munthu ndi mbuye wa chirengedwe, ali ndi ufulu ku madalitso ake onse.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati paumunthu waumunthu ndi chikhalidwe?

Zina zimatanthauzira chidziwitso ndi umunthu , koma izi ndizosiyana:

1. Uzimu ndi zovuta zoganiza zomwe zimayimira munthu yemwe amadziwa kuganiza ndi kuchita mosiyana, kuti agwirizanitse mgwirizano pakati pawo ndi dziko lapansi.
2. Chidziwitso ndi chiphunzitso chimene munthu ali nacho cholinga cha zochitika zonse, chodabwitsa chake chimatsutsana kokha ndi chodabwitsa cha moyo.

Chibadwa chosiyana chimasiyana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu chifukwa, malinga ndi chiphunzitso ichi, dziko lonse loyandikana nalo liyenera kumtumikira munthu. Wachidziwitso ndi wogula amene amawononga chikhalidwe cha moyo, ngati ali ndi ufulu pa izi, akukhulupirira kuti dziko lonse liyenera kumtumikira iye yekha. Munthu amayesera kuti asapangitse ena kuvulaza, amasonyeza chifundo, chilakolako chothandiza ndi kuteteza.

Mfundo ya chidziwitso

Makhalidwe a chidziwitso amapangidwa motsatira mfundo zazikulu za chiphunzitso ichi:

1. Chofunika kwambiri ndi munthu , monga cholengedwa chopindulitsa, china chirichonse m'chilengedwe chimayesedwa malinga ndi kukula kwa ntchito yake.
2. Dziko loyandikana ndilo anthu , ndipo amatha kuwachitira momwe amaonera.
3. Pamwamba pa makwerero a anthu ndi munthu , pa sitepe yachiwiri - zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi iye, pachitatu - zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zili ndi phindu kwa munthuyo.
4. Maganizo a chiphunzitsochi amalingalira: kugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe kumangowonekera pokhapokha kulandira kuchokera kwa iwo madalitso ofunika kwa anthu.
5. Kukula kwa chilengedwe kuyenera kumvetsera njira ya chitukuko cha anthu, ndipo palibe kanthu kena.

Matenda a m'mimba komanso naturocentrism

Lingaliro la "chiwonetsero" nthawi zambiri limatsutsana ndi naturocentrism, koma pamodzi ndi polarity, iwo ali ogwirizana ndi chinthu chimodzi: chilengedwe amawoneka ngati chinachake kunja kwa munthu. Tikukamba za njira zazikulu: umwini ndi kukhalako.

1. Kuwonetsa thupi kumatsimikizira ufulu waumunthu kutaya chuma chachilengedwe pa chifuniro.
2. Naturocentrism ndi chiphunzitso cha Buddhism, lingaliro lake lalikulu linapangidwa ndi Francis wa Assisi: chikhulupiriro mu kudzichepetsa kumathandiza munthu kuti asakhale utsogoleri koma udindo wa demokalase mogwirizana ndi chirengedwe. Anthu alibe ufulu kulowerera mu chitukuko cha chirengedwe, koma kuthandiza ndi kuchulukitsa.

Chikhristu chonyansa

Chikhulupiriro chachipembedzo chimapereka malingaliro ofanana, kokha mwa kutanthauzira kwina, pokhudzana ndi makhalidwe achikhristu. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu izi ndi izi:

1. Mulungu ndiye umunthu wa chilengedwe, monga Mlengi wake.
2. Munthu yekha analengedwa "m'chifaniziro ndi maonekedwe a Mulungu," choncho amayima pamwamba pa zonse zomwe adalengedwa ndi Ambuye.
3. Mulungu adapatsa anthu kulamulira dziko la chilengedwe.
4. Popeza kuti zinthu zonse padziko lapansi sizili ngati Mulungu, iwo ndi opanda ungwiro, akhoza kuwongolera.

Chikhristu chimawona kuti chifuniro cha munthu ndi chopambana kwambiri, kuyesetsa kupereka chikondi ndi kukongola. M'zaka za zana la 21, malingaliro a chidziwitso akufotokozedwa ngati mfundo zoyendera mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe:

• kuti aphunzire, komanso kuti asagonjetse;
• sungani mibadwo yam'tsogolo;
• mosamala mosamala chuma;
• kuchepetsa kuvulaza komwe kumachitidwa pofuna kukonza teknoloji.