Mawu akuti "chinyengo" omwe amachokera ku Chilatini amatanthauzidwa ngati chinyengo kapena chinyengo. Izi ndizofotokoza bwino kwambiri mawu awa. Dziko lokongola kwambiri lachinyengo sizinthu nthawizonse zongopeka, koma nthawi zonse ndikumverera kwabodza komwe kumatulutsa choonadi ndikuchiletsa kukhala moyo wabwino. Zifukwa zowonekera kwa ziwonetsero ndi zambiri, komanso mitundu yake.
Kodi chinyengo n'chiyani?
Chodabwitsa chomwecho chikhoza kulengedwa ndi wamatsenga waluso kapena amayi okha - chirengedwe, koma zimachitika kuti munthuyo mwiniwakeyo amadziwonetsera yekha kukhala chinyengo. Chinyengo ndi pamene chinthu chenichenicho chikuwonekera mu mawonekedwe opotoka ndipo kumamveka bwino. Amakhulupirira kuti chinyengo cha mnzanu wa matenda alionse aumphawi , koma izi siziri zoona, munthu wathanzi amatha kumva chinyengo. Mukuwona bwanji chinyengo?
- Chifukwa cha malingaliro opaka.
- Kukhala wosadziwika kwa munthu (kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, matenda ozunguza bongo kapena kuimirira).
Mu lingaliro la tsiku ndi tsiku, pansi pa chinyengo kumatanthauza ziyembekezo ndi maloto. Dziko losayembekezereka limene limapanga chinyengo ndi dziko lodzidzinyenga, ndipo limakhala ngati njira yomwe imathandizira moyo wa munthu kapena kuthawa kwa malingaliro ake. Chidziwitso cha anthu nthawi zonse chimayesetsa kudziteteza ku zoopsya ndikuyesa ziwonetsero, zimalimbikitsa zozizwitsa, zimapanga zithunzi za "moyo wokongola" kapena anthu abwino.
Kodi malingaliro otaniwa amasiyana ndi malingaliro?
Mkhalidwe wa moyo ukhoza kukhazikitsa mikhalidwe yomwe anthu adzakhala ndi vuto la kulingalira. Matenda oterewa angayambitsidwe ndi malingaliro ndi malingaliro, ngakhale munthu wathanzi samatetezedwa kwa iwo. Momwe mungasiyanitse wina ndi mzake:
- Chifukwa cha chinyengocho, mukhoza kuona zinthu zenizeni kuchokera kumbali ina kapena kupotoza kwakukulu. Zolakwitsa zomwe munthu angathe kuziwona, mwachitsanzo, madzulo akatenga zinthu zina ndi zinthu kwa ena, tsamba lowala kuchokera pamtengo kuti likhale ndi kapu ya bowa, ikhoza kukhala anthu abwinobwino. Ndikofunika kusiyanitsa zolakwa zotere kuchokera ku lingaliro lopweteka la chowonadi.
- Zilonda zowoneka ngati palibe. Kutsata mafano kungabwerere kumbuyo kwa psychosis. Kwa anthu abwinobwino, amawuka ngati ali m'dera limene maganizo awo amasinthidwa.
Maganizo a malingaliro
Malingaliro a munthu ndi opanda ungwiro, ndipo nthawizina mumatha kuona fano, kumva phokoso, kumverera kukoma sikuli kwenikweni. Chochitika chachilendo chomwe, motsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha maganizo opotoka, ubongo umanga zithunzi zosagwirizana ndi zenizeni. Munthu amatha kupanga maonekedwe a zomwe sizinali zenizeni kapena mosiyana ndi kusadziŵa umboni. Chinyengo cha kulingalira m'malingaliro ndi maganizo a zochitika, ngakhale ngati munthu akuzindikira kuti izi ziri pafupi ndi zomwe zingatheke. Kotero inu mukhoza kuwona kuyima, kupotoza kwa chinthu mu madzi ndi zina zambiri.
Kodi malingaliro ndi chiyani?
Kwa chiwalo chilichonse chozindikira palichinyengo chimodzi, pali zambiri. Mitundu ya ziwonetsero zomwe munthu angakhoze kuziwona ali nazo zake zokha:
- optical - ichi ndi lingaliro lolakwika;
- kumveka - kulephera kumvetsera;
- Zochitika zaumulungu - zowona kapena zogwirizanitsa za mphamvu zomwe sizinachite molondola;
- kuzindikira - kumveka kwa kukhalapo, kutchula mitundu ya hallucination;
- zokhudzana ndi zochitika za chirengedwe;
- zovuta - zikhoza kuwoneka ndi kusintha kwakukulu;
- organic - lingaliro lolakwika la mitundu, kukula ndi mawonekedwe;
- chilengedwe - chilengedwe ndi chithunzi cha zithunzi.
Zizindikiro zowonongeka
Maganizo olakwika a zinthu zenizeni amatchedwa chisokonezo cha paradeyological. Zingaliro zoterezi zikhoza kuwuka pamene munthu ayang'ana pa pepala, nsalu, madontho kapena ming'alu, mitambo. Simungathe kuona nkhope kapena zinthu zokha, komanso zithunzi zosangalatsa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwazithunzi kwazithunzi, pamene chinyengo cha kudziwika kapena kuyerekezera machitidwe kumapangidwira makamaka kukwiya. Mtundu uwu ukhoza kuwonedwa mwa anthu angapo mwakamodzi pakuganizira chinthu chodziwika bwino, mwachitsanzo, chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe.
Affective Illusions
Kukhala m'maganizo ena a moyo, ndipo motero, kukhala pamalo osadziwika, munthu amatha kuona zozizwitsa. Chitsanzo chowonekera ndikumachezera usiku wonse kumanda. Pokhala ndi chiopsezo cha mantha ndi kuyembekezera chinachake chopanda chifundo, munthu aliyense amatha kuona chinyengo chokhudza. Kapena ndi mantha a akangaude, ndi kukhalapo kwatsopano, malo osadziwika, munthu adzawopa maonekedwe awo kuchokera kulikonse. Anthu ambiri amatha kuona mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malingaliro. Zochita zonyansa zimatha kuwoneka ngakhale munthu wathanzi.
Physical Illusions
Ena oyendetsa ndege m'mabuku awo akutsindika kuti ngati mutuluka pamwamba pa nyanja, pamene iyo imawonetsa nyenyezi, ndiye kuti mumamva ngati muthamanga. Mbali yaikulu ya ziwonongeko zakuthupi ndi kudalira kwawo pamaganizo. Illusions thupi kapena zakuthupi - izi ndi zochitika zazing'ono-nthawi, iwo ndi episodic. Ngati munthu angathe kuyesa mozama mkhalidwewo, kumvetsetsa kuti izi ndi chinyengo, ndiye izi zimasonyeza thanzi lake labwino .
Kodi ziwonongeko za thupi zimapangidwa bwanji? Chitsanzo chowonekera ndi kuphwanya diso, pamene kuli kovuta kudziwa mtunda kuchokera kwa munthu kuti ukane ndi diso. Zizindikiro zenizeni ndi malingaliro onyenga a mtunda ndikupanga mtundu uwu wa chinyengo. Pafupifupi anthu onse amakumana ndi chinyengo chotere ndipo akudziwa kuti izi ndi chinyengo, zimangozikonza mosavuta. Chinthu chofanana ndi chonchi ndi mbali ya mawonekedwe a diso ndi zotsatira zake.
Zolingalira Zoganizira
Zochitika zoterezi zimawuka chifukwa munthu ayamba kupanga malingaliro onena za dziko, zomwe zimatsogolera ku kusanthula, nthawi zina samadziwa. Zolingaliro zamaganizo ndizolakwika, zimakula chifukwa cha maganizo. Chinyengo chotero cha munthu ndi chitsanzo cha kuganiza mofulumira, ngati munthu poyamba adasanthula malingaliro ake, ndiye kuti sakanakhalapo. Kusokonezeka maganizo kumaphunziridwa ndi maganizo a maganizo chifukwa amanyamula zotsatira za umunthu komanso chikhalidwe chawo.
Illusions - Psychology
Anthu onse amafunitsitsa kupeza, kupanga zosankha zovuta, kufunafuna mayankho a mafunso. Zochitika mwa anthu zimayamba, kuti kuchotsa kusatsimikizika mu mafunso ena. Kodi chinyengo cha psychology ndi chiyani? Ndi mapangidwe a chifaniziro chake cha masomphenya ndi kuloweza mmalo mwake, mmalo mwa zenizeni ndi zenizeni. Illusions angathandize munthu kuchotsa nkhawa ndi nkhawa. Ngakhalenso mu zonyenga fanoli ndi lofiira, ndiye munthuyo adzachenjezedwa, zomwe ayenera kuchita mantha.
Maganizo oterewa ndi olakwika ndipo sangakhale ndi kanthu koona. Akatswiri a zamaganizo samapanga malingaliro oterowo monga matenda aumunthu, koma amalimbikitsa kuti asiye kukhala m'dziko lachikunja. Zilangizo zamoyo nthawizonse, mwinamwake, zopusa. Ngati munthu amakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chowonetsa za anthu ena, ndiye kuti ayenera kutembenukira kwa katswiri wa zamaganizo.
Zifukwa za ziwonetsero
Pamene munthu ayang'ana khonje wa supuni akamaikidwa mu kapu yamadzi, ndiye izi sizotsutsana ndi psyche. Ichi ndi chinyengo chimene chingawoneke mwa munthu aliyense wathanzi. Zovuta nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi chilakolako chowawa, ayendera anthu olenga. Kutopa kapena kutopa anthu amatha kuona ndikumva cholakwika chilichonse. Koma ngati chinyengocho chikhala kale bwenzi lokhulupirika ndipo akuyendera ndi nthawi yabwino, ndiye kuti ndi matenda a psyche.
Tanthauzo lake ndilo ndi chinyengo chotani chomwe chimabwera kwa munthu. Phokoso la kuthira madzi kuchokera pamphepete yotsekedwa, ichi si chifukwa chothawira kwa dokotala, chomwe ndi chovuta kwambiri ngati mumamva mawu nthawi ndi nthawi. Zomwe zimayambitsa ziwonetsero zambiri sizidziwikiratu ndipo mpaka lero, alibe zifukwa za sayansi. Kukhala m'dziko la malingaliro ndikumanga moyo wanu ngati kukhalapo kwa munthu kumachitika m'dziko lina. Ziribe kanthu, dziko lamatsenga liri bwino kapena loipa, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti ndizosiyana.
Kodi mungaleke bwanji kukhala ndi ziwonetsero?
Makhalidwe mu izi kapena mkhalidwe umenewo ndi zotsatira zake zimayambitsa zotsatira zina. Munthu amene wasankha yekha njira yopitilira ndi ziwonetsero, amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a dziko lachinyengo mu zenizeni. Iye amasankha yekha chitsanzo cha khalidwe limene lingakhale lothandiza mu dziko lake lonyenga, koma osati kwenikweni. Kudyetsa ziwonetsero mosavuta, ngakhale nthawi zina zothandiza, koma kukhala mmenemo ndizoopsa, kotero muyenera kudziwa kuchotsa ziwonetsero.
- Ndikoyenera kuyesa kudzipangira dziko lachinyengo. Ndili ndi iye, muyenera kuyambitsa nkhondo ndi chikumbumtima chanu ndikuwotcha malingaliro onse omwe sali enieni. Anthu omwe akupitirizabe kukhala m'dziko lachinyengo ndi owonetsa zam'tsogolo. Iwo ali okonzeka kutsanulira mkwiyo wawo kwa aliyense yemwe ali pafupi. Amadandaula za moyo kwa anthu osasintha, oyendayenda anzawo, pa intaneti .
- Munthu ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti zomwezo ndizo, sizingakhale zina. Zolephera zonse zimayambika osati chifukwa chakuti munthuyo ndi woipa, koma chifukwa chakuti amachitapo kanthu molakwika, akuyang'ana mmbuyo pa ziphunzitso zake. Mwamuna ayenera kukula. Kuti akhale akulu sikuti asiye zolinga zawo ndikusiya kufuna kuona miyoyo yawo bwino, zikutanthauza kuvomereza choonadi, kudziwa dziko, kuphunzira kumvetsa bwino.