Woyang'anira aliyense amafuna kuti ogwira ntchito apitirize kugwira ntchito mwakhama, moyenerera komanso nthawi yomweyo kuti athe kukwanitsa kukwaniritsa zolembedwazo. Cholinga cha antchito chimathandiza kwambiri pano. Tikufuna kupeza momwe mungathandizire ogwira ntchito ku mabungwe ogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimasiyanitsa zomwe zili mkati ndi kunja kwa ogwira ntchito.
Chilimbikitso ndi zokakamiza antchito
Pansi pa mawu amenewa, ndizozoloƔera kumvetsetsa mapangidwe a mkati ndi kunja omwe amachita mwa kudzidzimva. Dziwani omwe angathe kudziwa chomwe chili chofunika kwambiri kwa munthu wina. Zina mwa mkati:
- kudzidzimva;
- chilengedwe;
- chidziwitso;
- kudzipereka;
- chikhumbo;
- kufunikira kulankhulana.
Kupita kunja ndi mwambo wakuphatikizapo:
- ntchito;
- ndalama;
- udindo mmalo;
- kuzindikira.
Chotsatira ichi cha ogwira ntchito mwachilengedwe chingakhale chabwino (kupulumutsa kapena kupeza), ndi zoipa (kupewa, kuchotsa). Mbali yabwino ndi chilimbikitso chogwira ntchito yabwino, ndipo sichikhala choipa - chilango cholephera. Pogwiritsa ntchito zolimbikitsa, akatswiri odziwa ntchito zowonongeka amamvetsetsa, mwa kuyankhula kwina - chidwi pa ndondomeko ya zakuthupi.
Mitundu ya othandizira
Cholinga chenicheni cha ogwira ntchitoyi chigawanika kukhala zinthu zakuthupi osati zapadera. Yoyamba ikuphatikizapo malipiro ndi kuwonjezeka kwake. Kawirikawiri, kulipira mwadzidzidzi kumakhudzanso zotsatira za ogwira ntchito. Mabhonasi ndi maulendo a bizinesi angathenso kutchulidwa kuti ndizolimbikitsa kwambiri kugwira ntchito mwakhama komanso kukwaniritsa dongosolo. Njira zoterezi zokhutiritsa monga zopikisano, mphatso, maholide komanso gulu la ulemu ndizolimbikitsa kwambiri.
Cholinga chosatheka cha antchito
N'zotheka kuti anthu azichita chidwi ndikugwira ntchito yawo mwakhama komanso mwamsanga osati pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama. Cholinga chosaoneka cha ogwira ntchito ndi njira yosavuta yowunikira mamembala a pampingo pamlingo wapamwamba ndikukwaniritsa ntchito zomwe zasankhidwa. Mwa njira izi:
- Kuzindikiritsa zoyenera, kutamandidwa . Sankhani munthu pomupatsa kalata ndikuyitcha imodzi mwa zabwino zomwe mungakwanitse pa nthawi ya maholide, komanso pamisonkhano yambiri, kukonzekera misonkhano.
- Kulenga ndi kukonza malo abwino a maganizo . Mphindi ino ndi imodzi mwachinsinsi, monga momwe ntchito yabwino yodziwira ntchito zakhalira bwino.
- N'zotheka kupeza kapena kukonza ma qualification . Izi zidzakhala zofunikira kwa akatswiri achinyamata odzikonda, omwe ndi ofunikira kukwaniritsa ntchito zawo.
- N'zotheka kusunthira ntchito ndikuyamba . Ngati malonda ali ndi maudindo akuluakulu ndipo pali kuwonjezeka m'magulu, izi zidzakhala zothandiza kwambiri pantchito.
- Ntchito ndi chinthu chokondeka . Pamene munthu "akuwotcha" ndi ntchito yake ndikuchita mwachidwi, zimakhudza m'mawa uliwonse kudzuka ndikupita kukagwira ntchito ndi zosangalatsa.
- Kuyamba kwa mabhonasi . Zina mwa mphoto zabwino zitha kukhala - madyerero aulere, kuchotsera masewera ku masewera olimbitsa thupi, maphunziro apamwamba ndi zinthu zina zambiri zomwe zingakhudzire gulu.
- Zopereka zautali wautali, malipiro ndi mayina aulemu . Izi ndizozindikila kukwanilitsidwa kwakukulu pazochita zapadera za munthu ndi kulemekeza ntchito yake.
- Kulankhulana ndi oyang'anira ndi oyang'anira . Pa bizinesi iliyonse pakhale mgwirizano wotere pakati pa mameneja ndi ogwira ntchito.
Zolinga zakuthupi za antchito
Zimayesedwa kuti ndizothandiza kuganizira njira zotere zomwe zimakhudzira antchito a bungwe. Njira zowunikira kwambiri antchito:
- Mtengo, malipiro . Kuwonjezeka kwa malipiro kumaonedwa kuti ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri.
- Mphoto . Njira imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yolimbikitsa ntchito ya munthu.
- Peresenti ya ndalama . Njira yotsitsimutsa ikhoza kutchulidwa kuti ndi yotchuka kwambiri mu malonda ndi mautumiki.
- Malipiro owonjezera pa zikhalidwe . Pa mabungwe ogulitsa malonda omwe ali ndi zochitika za njira zamakono palibe mwayi wotere kuti zinthu zikhale bwino kwambiri, mameneja amapanga malipiro ena. Zikhoza kukhala ndi malipiro osiyanasiyana monga mawonekedwe a chakudya chaulere, kuonjezera nthawi yopumulira, chithandizo chamankhwala.
- Kupereka kwa mphatso . Ngakhalenso mphatso zotsika mtengo zidzathandiza kulimbikitsa wogwira ntchito, chifukwa munthu aliyense amakonda kuwalandira.
- Kupeza phindu lolimba . Mitundu iyi ya mphoto ndi yotchuka kwambiri. Zimaphatikizapo malipiro a inshuwalansi, kapena inshuwalansi yapamwamba, komanso inshuwalansi ya galimoto, malipiro okhudzidwa ndi maulendo oyendetsa galimoto.
Maganizo a anthu ogwira ntchito
Mtsogoleri aliyense amachita chirichonse kuti atsimikizire kuti gululi likugwira ntchito mwakuya kwathunthu ndipo potsiriza kukwaniritsa dongosolo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, nkofunika kulimbikitsa anthu mwa kukhazikitsa mphoto yabwino. Kulimbikitsidwa kwa antchito ndi njira imodzi yowonjezera zokolola za ntchito. Pali malamulo ena omwe mungasangalatse munthu monga ntchito yake:
- Chilimbikitso chiyenera kukhala chosadalirika, chosadziwika ndipo nthawi yomweyo sichitha. Zopindulitsa zotero zimalimbikitsa kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimakhala gawo la malipiro.
- Kulimbikitsana kumakhala kovuta pa nthawi yomwe ochepa amatha kuzindikira kuti akudzipereka okha kuntchito zawo ndikukhala ndi ziyeneretso.
- Misonkho iyenera kukhala yomweyo, ndiko kuti, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ntchito za ogwira ntchitoyi ndi yoyenera komanso yofulumira.
- Ndikofunika kukonzekera osati kumapeto kwa ntchito yonse, koma pazochita zenizeni.
- Ndikofunika kuti munthu akhale ndi chidaliro, chifukwa ndifunikira kuti aliyense adzinenere yekha.
- Popanda chifukwa chabwino, sikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse mupatse wina kwa antchito, kuti musayambe kudana ndi ena.
Zolinga za anthu ogwira ntchito
Kuphatikizidwa pa ntchito zaluso n'kotheka mothandizidwa ndi zotsitsimula , zomwe ndizovomerezedwa ndi boma kapena kutsutsidwa kwa ntchito zamalonda. Zolemba zamakono zokhudzana ndi zomwe ogwira ntchito akulimbikitsidwa zimasonyeza kuti anthu amavomerezedwa motere:
- kuvomereza pamlomo kwa zochita za wogwira ntchitoyo;
- kutamandidwa pagulu pazochita za membala wa gulu;
- kalata yothokoza;
- Nkhani mu edition yosindikizira limodzi ndi chitamando;
- mwayi wakuyankhula ndi anzako kuti atumize chidziwitso;
- kupereka kwaulere kwa mphoto, diploma;
- zojambula zojambula za malo ogwira ntchito;
- kuyika zithunzi pa bolodi la ulemu;
- kulowa mu bukhu la ulemu wa malonda.
Zina mwazochita zowonongeka ndi:
- mawu enieni ofotokozera ntchito;
- chidzudzulo cha zochita za wogwira ntchito;
- cholemba;
- Nkhani mu kope la kusindikizira gulu ndi chidzudzulo.
Chotsatira cha chikhalidwe cha antchito
Kuphatikiza pa mphotho zina ndi njira zomwe zimalimbikitsa antchito kuti azigwira bwino ntchito, palinso chikhalidwe cha ogwira ntchito:
- kuzindikira poyera za zochitika zaumwini;
- kuzindikira poyera za zochitika za gulu;
- kuzindikira ntchito za ogwira ntchito ndi oyang'anira.
Cholinga cha ogwira ntchito
Chifukwa cholimbikitsidwa ndi ntchito, ogwira ntchito angathe kupeza mwayi wopeza mwayi. Cholinga chachikulu apa ndi mwayi wophunzitsa akatswiri kuti akhale ndi antchito awo, osati kungokhala eni ake. Ntchito yaikulu ya mtsogoleriyo ndi kuzindikira zosowa za ntchito za antchito kuti akwaniritse ntchito zomwe wapatsidwa. Izi ndizolimbikitsa kwambiri za ogwira ntchito. Mphamvu zamkati mkatizi ziyenera kukhala zolinga, zolinga, zofuna, zofunikira, zofunikira ndi zofuna.
Ogwira ntchito pamodzi
Gulu lirilonse limafuna kulimbikitsana. Cholinga ichi cha ogwira ntchito chikufunikanso chidwi pa ntchito ya anthu osati munthu mmodzi, koma angapo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ikhoza kukhala anthu osiyanasiyana. Njira zoterezi zimakhudza kwambiri mbali iliyonse. Zotsatira zawo zikhoza kuchitika patapita kanthawi kochepa.
Kuphatikizidwa ndi kuthandizidwa kwa ogwira ntchito
Pomwe pali kumvetsetsa kwa kuwonjezeka kwa kugwirizana kwa gulu ndi bungwe, lomwe limalimbikitsa akatswiri kuti azichita khama. Kuti muphunzire za mlingo wake ndizotheka kupitiliza pa mfundo izi:
- ndemanga zabwino kuchokera kwa antchito zokhudzana ndi kampani;
- chikhumbo chokhala mbali ya bungwe;
- khama pa chifuniro.
Zotsatira za ntchito za anthu zingasonyeze kuti ali ndi chidwi chotani pazochita zake. Kuphatikizidwa ndizothandiza kwambiri ndipo ndikofunika kuti ukhale nawo muzinthu zonse. Ziyenera kumveka kuti ziyenera kukhala chisankho cha munthu. Choncho, zolinga zofunikira za ogwira ntchito ndizokhazikitsa zofunikira zomwe akatswiri adzachita nawo.
Maganizo a ogwira ntchito othandiza
Lingaliro lofanana ndi cholinga cha antchito ali ndi magulu ena a ziphunzitso - zofunikira ndi zoyendetsera. Yoyamba imagawidwa mu:
- A. Maslow osowa maudindo amadziwika ngati piramidi, yomwe imasonyeza kuti malo apamwamba amakhala ndi zosowa zapamwamba, anthu ochepa akhoza kulimbikitsidwa ndi khalidwe lawo.
- McKeland - anapereka zosowa popanda magulu otsogolera m'magulu - mphamvu, kupambana ndi kukhudzidwa.
- Awiri chinthu Herzberg - malingana ndi kukhutira kwake ndi kusakhutira amatanthauza awiri odziimira njira.
Yachiwiri ikuphatikizapo:
- Zoyembekeza (V.V.) ndi chitsanzo cha Porter-Lawler-zitsanzo zikugwirizana.
- Kukhazikitsa zolinga Edwin Locke - khalidwe la umunthu limatsimikiziridwa ndi zolinga zomwe zaikidwa patsogolo pake.
- Equity (kulingana kapena kulingalira) ndi kuyerekeza kwa kuyesedwa kwa zochita za munthu ndi kuyesa ntchito ya anthu ena.
Mabuku othandizira othandizira
Kwa mameneja onse ali ndi mabuku apadera ogwira ntchito. Pakati pa mabuku otchuka kwambiri:
- A. Parabellum "Antchito kuchokera ku A mpaka Z";
- S. Davydov "Usasokoneze ntchito yanga".