Khungu la TB

Chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda opatsirana padziko lonse omwe amachitidwa ndi mycobacteria, zokoti za Koch. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi mtundu wa matenda a pulmonary, koma chifuwa chachikulu chimakhudzanso mafupa ndi khungu.

Chifuwa cha khungu chimayamba pamene microbacteria alowa pakhungu. Pali mitundu inayi ya microbacteria: anthu, nkhumba, avian ndi ozizira. Pamene khungu la chifuwa chachikulu nthawi zambiri limawonedwa anthu, nthawizina - a bullish mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mitundu ndi zizindikiro za chifuwa chachikulu cha khungu

Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu amakhala ndi mitundu yambiri, yomwe imasiyana mofanana ndi matenda, njira ya matenda komanso njira yomwe chifuwa cha TB chimayang'ana. Gulu lonse la matenda ligawidwa mu chifuwa chachikulu (focal) ndi kufalitsa (kufalitsa) chifuwa chachikulu cha khungu.

Mitundu yambiri ya matendawa ikuphatikizapo:

1. Vulgar (vulgar) lupus ndiyo mtundu wamba wa matendawa. Kawirikawiri zimapezeka ali aang'ono, ndipo ziphuphu zimapezeka pamtunda. Pa milandu yoopsa, imakhudza kamphuno kamphuno ndi mphuno. Matenda a tubercular (lupomas) ali pansi pa khungu ndipo pachigawo choyambirira muli mawanga a chikasu chachikasu ndi malire omveka bwino. Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, ma tubercles amavomereza kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri amakhalabe otetezeka ndipo amakhala pamwamba pa khungu.
2. Scrofuloderma (kuphatikizapo chifuwa chachikulu cha khungu) ndichiwiri chachiwiri cha mawonekedwe. Zizindikiro za mtundu uwu wa chifuwa chachikulu cha khungu ndi ziphuphu zooneka ngati zonyansa, zamtundu wa malaŵi 3-5 masentimita, khungu lomwe limapeza bluish tinge. Patapita nthawi, mitsempha imakhala ngati chifuwa chozizira, pamalo omwe, atatseguka, zilonda zimakhalabe. Scrofuloderm imapangidwa kawirikawiri pamene kachilombo kamalowetsedwa kuchokera ku mitsempha yowonongeka, kawirikawiri kuchokera kumagulu ena. Amapezeka m'khosi ndipo, nthawi zina, ndi manja.
3. Chifuwa chachikulu cha khungu - nthawi zambiri chimapezeka pamene matenda amachokera ku ziwalo zina zomwe zimakhudzidwa. Zikuwoneka ngati zilonda zamagazi zomwe zili ndi mpweya wofiira. Amapezeka m'ziwalo zamkati komanso m'mimba mwake (m'kamwa, ziwalo zoberekera).
4. Chifuwa chachikulu cha khungu - chimadziwonetsera ngati mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira amalowa m'kukula kwake. Kutenga kumapezeka kuchokera kuzinthu zakunja ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito (magulu oopsa omwe amawaphatikizapo odwala, ogwira ntchito, opha anzawo). Kaŵirikaŵiri zimachitika pa zala ndi kumbuyo kwa dzanja.

Zina mwa mitundu yofalitsidwayo imasiyanitsa:

1. Papulonecrotic khungu la chifuwa chachikulu - kawirikawiri limapezeka ali wamng'ono. Zikuwoneka ngati mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira ozungulira ndi nthenda ya nthenda yotchedwa necrotic scabs pakati. Kukhumudwa kumakhala kofanana, nthawi zambiri - pamabowo ndi pamapeto. Pambuyo pa kugwa kwa nkhanambo, mmalo mwake mukhalebe "zipsinjo" zowonongeka.
2. Kuchiza chifuwa cha khungu (amatsutsanso scrofula) - pa mawonetseredwe akunja ali ofanana ndi zizindikiro za lichen wamba wofiira. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza khungu la thunthu, nthawi zambiri - miyendo ndi nkhope.

Kusanthula kwa chifuwa chachikulu cha khungu

Monga mtundu uliwonse wa matendawa, chifuwa chachikulu cha khungu chimapezeka kawirikawiri pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera za tuberculin. Komanso, maziko a matendawa angakhale umboni wochokera kwa anamnesis (omwe anafalitsidwa kale ndi mtundu uliwonse wa chifuwa chachikulu) ndi maphunziro ake apadera.

Kuchiza kwa chifuwa cha TB

Pofuna kuchiza matendawa, nthawi zambiri mankhwalawa amaperekedwa, omwe ayenera kutengedwa kwa miyezi 2-3. Kenaka kusakanizidwa kusinthidwa kotero kuti palibe kutsutsa mankhwala.

Chinthu chothandiza kwambiri kufikira lero ndi Isoniazid ndi Rifampicin.

Mankhwalawa ndi ofunika kwambiri monga Streptomycin, Ethionamide, Florimycin, Kanamycin.

Njira yamachiritso imatenga miyezi 10-12 ndikuwongolera chithandizo chamankhwala kwa zaka zisanu. Kudzipiritsa mankhwala a chifuba chachikulu kumatsutsana kwambiri.