Chifukwa cha matendawa ndi matenda a magazi. Zili ndi zizindikiro zosiyana: ndi magazi omwe ali ndi hemoglobin, erythrocytes, maplatelet ndi leukocyte, ndi mlingo wa dothi la erythrocyte, ndi njira ya lekocyte. Kupenda mosamalitsa kusanthula, kukumbukira maonekedwe onse, kokha katswiri wodziwa bwino, chifukwa mwa iwo okha zizindikirozi sizinena komanso kumayesedwa kovuta kumapereka chithunzi chokwanira cha thanzi la wodwalayo.
Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika ndi zomwe zili m'magazi a lymphocytes - maselo oyera a magazi. Mtundu uwu wa leukocyte ndi umene umapangitsa kuti thupi la munthu lidziwe bwino komanso kupanga mawonekedwe a chitetezo cha mthupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma lymphocytes ndiwo mbali yofunikira kwambiri ya chitetezo cha mthupi: amamenyana ndi amitundu "akunja" akumidzi, kudzimana okha kuti apulumutse thupi, komanso ali ndi udindo wopanga ma antibodies. Lymphocytes amapangidwa ndi mafupa ndi mafupa.
Chizoloŵezi cha ma lymphocytes m'magazi a mwana
Kwa akulu ndi ana, chizoloŵezi cha ma lymphocytes ndi chosiyana kwambiri. Ngati akuluakulu chiwerengero cha ma lymphocytes kulemera kwake kwa lekocyte ndi pafupifupi 34-38%, mwana wamng'ono, kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi: 31% pachaka, zaka 4 50%, 6 zaka - 42% ndi zaka 10 - 38%.
Kupatulapo izi ndi sabata yoyamba ya moyo wa mwana, pamene chiwerengero cha ma lymphocytes ndi 22-25%. Kenaka, tsiku la 4 pambuyo pa kubadwa, limakula kwambiri ndipo pang'onopang'ono limayamba kuchepa ndi zaka, pang'onopang'ono. Mofanana ndi chizolowezi chilichonse, zomwe zimapezeka m'magazi ndi nthawi yake. Zimatha kusinthasintha mu njira imodzi kapena imzake, malingana ndi matenda otheka komanso kutupa komwe kumachitika mu thupi la mwanayo. Chiwerengero cha ma lymphocytes chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi ntchito ya chitetezo cha m'thupi: ndi kukula kwa ma antibodies, chiwerengero chawo chikuwonjezeka mofulumira (ichi chimatchedwa lymphocytosis), mu nthawi zina chikhoza kuchepa kwambiri (lymphopenia).
Kumvera kapena kusagwirizana ndi zikhalidwe za ma lymphocyte zimayesedwa ndi kusanthula magazi ndi njira yopangidwa ndi leukocyte.
Kuwonjezeka kwa ma lymphocytes ana
Ngati kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocytes m'magazi mwa mwana, izi zikhoza kusonyeza matenda osiyanasiyana, omwe ambiri mwawo ndi awa:
- "Ubwana" Matenda opatsirana: kupweteka, chikuku, chikho, nkhuku;
- Matenda oopsa kwambiri ndi owopsa: typhus, toxoplasmosis, viral hepatitis, chifuwa chachikulu;
- nthawi yomwe mwana amachira pambuyo pa matenda oopsa opatsirana;
- matenda a dongosolo la endocrine.
Ngati nthenda yochuluka ya amymphocyte ya atypical ikuwoneka m'magazi a mwanayo, izi zikuwonetsa kuti chitukuko cha matenda opatsirana a mononucleosis, omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamapezeka mwa ana. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha lymphocytosis, chiwerengero cha leukocyte m'magazi chikuwonjezeka, ndipo atypical lymphocytes okha, kusintha, amakhala ofanana kwambiri ndi monocytes.
Ndipo ngati minofu ya mwanayo imachepetsedwa?
Lymphopenia kawirikawiri imapezeka chifukwa cha zosavuta kupanga kupanga ma lymphocytes ndi thupi (mwachitsanzo, mu matenda obadwa nawo a chitetezo cha mthupi). Kupanda kutero, kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ma lymphocytes ndi chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kutupa. Pankhaniyi, pali kutuluka kwa mitsempha yotuluka m'mitsempha ya magazi kupita ku ziwalo ndi matenda. Zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za matenda amenewa ndi Edzi, chifuwa chachikulu, njira zosiyanasiyana zozizira.
Kuwonjezera apo, kuchepa kwa lymphocytes kumakhala kwa odwala omwe amatha kupweteka mankhwala kapena chemotherapy, kutenga mankhwala a corticosteroid ndi matenda a Ishchenko-Cushing. Kuchepetsa maselo oyera a m'magazi ndi kotheka ngakhale mutakhala ndi nkhawa.