Nthawi zonse munda wamaluwa umayang'ana mokongola m'munda, kubzala kwa maluwa okongola kumathandizira kuzindikira malingaliro ambiri kumapangidwe a malo, kupanga maphunziro abwino, mapiri a alpine, nyumba zazing'ono ndi zitsamba pamunda wanu waumwini, kugwirizanitsa bwino mbewu izi ndi minda ina yokongola.
Kodi munda wamaluwa umakula liti?
Nthawi yamaluwa imadalira zosiyanasiyana, chisamaliro, zaka za babu komanso nyengo. M'madera otentha omwe amayamba m'masiku oyambirira a Julayi ndikukhala mpaka pakati pa September. Mitengo yotere ya munda, ngati maluwa a ku Asian hybrids, maluwa. Iwo ali ndi nthawi kuchokera kuwuka kudzuka mpaka maluwa samatha masiku 90. Patatha masiku khumi, timasangalala ndi chisomo cha inflorescences cha LA hybrids ndi OT-hybrids. Mbewu zakummawa zimakhala ndi masiku 100-140 ndipo zimakhala pachimake pamapeto a nyengo.
Mitundu yambiri yamaluwa
Njira yabwino kuti wolimala amene amakonda munda wa maluwa ndi kudzala ndi kuchoka pa malo a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi hybridi. Mitundu yambiri yamitundumitundu ndi yosapitirira zikwi zitatu. Mababuwo ndi ozungulira kapena ovate, mpaka masentimita 30. Zimayambira kutalika malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kukwera mamita 2.5 pamwamba pa nthaka bwino. Masamba a maluwawo ndi okongola, akhoza kupanga rosette pafupi ndi mizu kapena kukula mozungulira kuzungulira phesi.
Maluwa a maluwa amadziwika chifukwa cha malingaliro ake ochititsa chidwi, kubzala ndi kusamalira khalidwe kumathandiza kupeza maluwa okwana 8 mpaka 30, omwe ali ndi maluwa kapena maonekedwe omwe ali ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi pa nthawi yokhala ndi moyo kwa masiku 9. Pali zofiira, pinki, zofiirira, zoyera, apurikoti, maluwa a bicolor. Mabala osakhwima nthawi zambiri amakongoletsedwa ndi malire osangalatsa kapena okondweretsa ndi maonekedwe okhwima ndi zowonongeka modabwitsa, zinthu zina zokongoletsera ndizosiyana mitundu ya terry. Mtundu wa kakombo wamaluwa ungakhale wosiyana, kupatulapo buluu.
Mitundu ya maluwa a maluwa:
- Lily ndi Asia. Ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha hardiness yake yozizira ndi kudzichepetsa, ndi kosavuta kusamalira, ndi bwino kusudzulana ndi ana komanso ndi chithandizo cha mamba. Pali maluwa a "bulbous" okhala ndi mababu a mpweya pa zimayambira. Mapangidwe a maluwa a ku Asiya amapezeka kwambiri ngati chalmoid kapena maonekedwe a chikho, ali ndi masentimita 20. Zosiyanasiyana za mitundu ya Asia: Adeline, Blazing Dwarf, Flora Plain, kakombo Tigrovaya, kakombo wa David, kakombo Maksimovich, lily Dutch, Fata Morgana (terry), Butterfly Pixie (kakang'ono) ).
- Mankhwala a maluwa otchedwa Curly hybrids (maluwa a Martagon). Mbali yapadera ya mitundu iyi ndi maluwa a chalmovidnie akuyendetsa mchere ndi choyambirira anabwerera kumbuyo. Iwo ndi osagwira chisanu, osasamala m'manja mwawo, iwo amakana kwambiri ndi mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya omwe amaika. Amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza - Manitoba Fox, Claude Shride, Martagon Album, Sunny Morning, Mrs ROBackhous.
- Amitundu achimereka. Zomera zimakhala zamphamvu, zimayambira zimafika kutalika kwa mamita awiri. Maonekedwe a maluwawo ndi osiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi cholmoid. Zopweteka za mitunduyi zimachedwetsa kubereka kunyumba chifukwa cha matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amawatsitsa. Garden American maluwa akudzala ndi akuyamwitsa nyengo yotentha ndi nyengo yozizira, m'madera athu akuchepa kwambiri.
- Condidum hybrids. Makolo a maluwa amenewa anali oyera achifumu maluwa ndi European mitundu. Mbali yapadera ya ma hybrids awa - maluwa onunkhira mwa mawonekedwe a chingwe chachikulu. Mamba awo pa mababu pafupi ndi tsinde amakula ngati mawonekedwe a rosettes. Nkhumba zotchuka kwambiri zimakhala ndi kakombo Apollo, kakombo Madonna ndi Terracotta kakombo.
- Mitundu yambiri ya maluwa. Maluwa ndi olimba kwambiri, amachulukira mosavuta ndikudwala pang'ono. Makolo awo ndi mitundu ya Asia. Pali mitundu yambiri ya maluwa a tubular - zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa a tubular, zooneka ngati chikho, zowonongeka ndi kuzigwedeza. Chidwi mwa mafani ndi mitundu yotsatirayi - Sulfure Queen, Mimosa Star, Gwendolyn Anley, Black Dragon, Sulfur Queen.
- Eastern hybrids. Chipatso cha mbadwa za ku Asia ndi otchuka chifukwa cha kukanidwa kwa chisanu ndi maluwa odabwitsa a mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Zowonongeka - nthawi yayitali ya mababu ndi kuchapa mosavuta matenda. Mitundu yotchuka ndi Barbados, Africa, Ascari, Aurora, Little Fairies, Anais Anais, Allegro.
- LA hybrids. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi amphamvu zimayambira, kukana chisanu ndi matenda. Maluwa awo ndi aakulu kuposa a mitundu ya Asia, ndi fungo losasangalatsa, pangakhale mithunzi yambiri. Zowonjezereka - LA 'Ice Diamond', LA 'Party Diamond', LA 'Samur', LA 'Freya', LA 'Formosa'.
- OT-hybrids. Mitengo imachotsedwa poyendetsa mafunde ndi kummawa, imakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu opangidwa ndi mapiko (20-25 cm). Nkhumba za OT zabwino kwambiri kudula. Mitundu yosangalatsa ndi Lilium 'Donato', Big Brother, 'Anastasia', Beverly Dream, Lilium 'Ovatie', 'Scheherazade', 'Holland Beauty'.
Maluwa maluwa - akufika
Pali maluwa opanda nzeru komanso odzichepetsa, kubzala ndi kusamalira mbewu makamaka amadalira zosiyanasiyana. Mankhwala obirira ndi oyenera kwambiri penumbra, Asia, tubular ndi madera akummawa amakonda dzuwa ndi lotetezedwa kumalo a mphepo. Kufunsa funso, kaya n'zotheka kumunda kakombo pa malo osankhidwa ndi inu, khalani otsimikiza kuti mulibe pano pomwe mukukhala ndi madzi otentha omwe amachititsa kuti matenda a fungal akule.
Kumene angabzala maluwa m'munda?
Mitengo yamaluwa yosadulidwa ndi maluwa amatha kuikidwa muzofanana. Yesetsani kuti zokongola zathu zizigwirizana ndi gulu. Pambuyo pofota zitsamba zakale zathyoledwa ndi kuchotsedwa. Sikulilies ndi mabelu ndi zitsamba zina zam'mimba zimaphimba nthaka bwino ndipo sizimalola kuti ziume. Njira yabwino kwambiri, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maluwa onse a m'munda - kubzala ndi kusamalira pamalo omwe mitu yawo ili ndi peduncles ili dzuwa, ndipo mizu imakula mumthunzi.
Momwe mungabzala munda wamaluwa?
Pofuna kupanga zomera zamaluwa, fungicides ndi stimulants zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yokonzekera. Timagwiritsa ntchito 0,2% yankho la Readzol kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, momwe timasunga mababu kwa maola pafupifupi awiri, ndiyeno amawabatiza kwa ola limodzi mu Epin. Timachotsa miyeso yakufa ndikufupikitsa mizu ku masentimita asanu 5. Timabzala maluwa aakulu m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono ndi masentimita 20 ndi kukula kwake kwa ma babubu 3. Mitengo yodulidwa, kukula kwa mbeu kufika 12 cm, ana amafesedwa pamtunda wa masentimita 5. Kusiyana pakati pa akuluakulu zomera ndi 20-30 masentimita, malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Garden zomera za maluwa - kubzala masiku
Pakuti ntchito imeneyi ndi yoyenera kwa mwezi wa September, pa nthawi yomwe babu amasiya kukula. Pachifukwa ichi zomera zimayambira bwino ndikulowa maluwa kale. Kwambiri mochedwa tsiku kubzala maluwa munda osatha maluwa ndi theka lachiwiri la October. Mu kasupe, olima wamaluwa amawaika maluwa nthawi zambiri, mwachitsanzo, pamene akusamalidwa amafunika kuti asinthire mwamsanga nthaka kapena kusuntha chiwembu.
Maluwa akakombo - kulima
Ntchito yofunika kwambiri siyimangidwe kokha ndi kusintha kwabwino kwa munda wamaluwa, koma ndi chitetezero chake ku chisanu m'nyengo yozizira, komanso mu mvula yoyambilira ya mvula kuchokera ku chinyezi chowonjezera. Maluwa okhala ndi maluwa akuphimba ndi filimu, kutenthetsa nthaka pamayambiriro a nyengo youma, kuteteza mababu ku zowola. Asanayambe chipale chofewa, dothi lakhala ndi zouma masamba kapena zofiira, zogwiritsidwa ndi peat. Mu kasupe, pakutha kutentha, filimu ndi malo ena amachotsedwa.
Munda wa maluwa
Nthaka isanayambe ikukumba kwambiri, kuwonjezera pa nthaka yolemera ya 1 m 2 limodzi ndi chidebe cha mchenga ndi peat. Munda wothira maluwa akakombo sizimaloledwa. Adzagwiritsa ntchito kompositi yowola mu 5-10 makilogalamu / m 2 ndi kuwonjezera pa 100 g ya superphosphate ndi 50 g wa feteleza feteleza. Mitundu ya kummawa ngati nthaka yochepa kwambiri, ndipo imayambitsa ma marigon ndi mawanga omwe amawombera, kotero iwo amawonjezera choko ndi miyala yamwala kapena phulusa pamtunda wa 0,5 makilogalamu / m 2 yawonjezeredwa pansi.
Kodi mungamange bwanji maluwa?
Chomerachi n'chosavuta kubzala kamodzi pa njira zosiyanasiyana, zomveka bwino pakati pa oyamba-florists, omwe anayamba kukumana ndi maluwa okongola awa. Mbewu zimapitilira kawirikawiri. Zimatengera nthawi yochuluka kuti ukhale ndi kakombo wathunthu, ngakhale kuti amateur amapezeka muzomwezi nthawi yomweyo zinthu zambiri zathanzi zobzala. Njira ya vegetative nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito cuttings kapena mbali za babu.
Njira zazikulu zoberekera mmaluwa maluwa:
- Mbewu yobereka.
- Kugawanika kwa chisa cha kakombo ndi kubereka kwa ana akukula pansi pa babu. Chisa chatsopano chimapangidwa zaka 3-4.
- Kubereketsa maluwa-makanda, akukula pansi pa tsinde. Dipatimentiyi imatulutsidwa popanda kukhudza chomera cha mayi.
- Kubalana ndi babu kumababulira gawo lapansi lonyowa. Kuti ntchito igwiritse ntchito mbale zazikulu zamkati, zomwe zitatha kupatulidwa zimatetezedwa ku disinfected, kutsuka, zouma ndi kumera.
- Kubalana maluwa ndi caulifulawa mababu anapanga ambiri Asia hybrids.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji kakombo?
Pamene tikusamalira maluwa m'munda, timayamba kuchotsa pogona nthawi, kotero kuti mphukira zimafika pamwamba ndi kuumitsa pansi pano. Kutsegula kumapangidwa ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono pambuyo pooneka ngati zomera zonse kuchokera pansi. Mwa kunyalanyaza ndi zophweka kuwononga mbande, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto. Mababu akulephera kudzuka kapena kuyamba kupanga makanda amphamvu.
Kusamalira munda wamaluwa - kuthirira
Ambiri ambiri atsopano sadziwa bwino momwe munda wamaluwa umakondera mosamala m'munda wa maluwa, nthawi zambiri umasefukira mabedi ndi madzi owonjezera. Akatswiri amalangiza nthaka kuti ayambe kubzala mozama. Ndi timadzi tating'ono ting'onoting'ono, timatha kutsika pansi, ndipo kusefukira kwa madzi kumabweretsa kuphulika kwa mababu. Kupindula kumabweretsa mgwirizano ndi maluwa akudzala m'minda yosatha, masamba awo amalepheretsa kutuluka kwa chinyezi ndikuphimba mizu.
Kodi mungadyetse bwanji maluwa?
Kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka nyengo ya maluwa zimapanga zakudya zina zowonjezera ndi mchere. Pamwamba kavalidwe ka maluwa amaluwa amapangidwa ndi nitrophic, urea , superphosphate, zovuta kukonzekera Kemira- mtundu wa maluwa. Manyowa apakati ali ndi nayitrogeni, autumn - potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Maluwa amavomereza kuti apange zovala zapamwamba ndi zovuta komanso kuthirira phulusa (100 g / 10 l madzi). Ndibwino kuti mukusamala komanso kuvala zovala zapamwamba simungasokonezeke ndi funso loti n'chifukwa chiyani maluwawo samasamba pachimake.
Matenda a maluwa
Manyowa pa chisamaliro saloledwa kupanga, kubzala mababu pansi ndi humus watsopano, olemera mu microflora, omwe amachititsa kufupipafupi matenda. Pafunso la chifukwa masamba a maluwa akakomedwe nthawi zambiri amatembenukira chikasu, zifukwa zingapo zingathe kuweruzidwa. Pali matenda opatsirana omwe amachititsa mabala a bulauni komanso kufa kwa masamba, kutsutsana nawo, mankhwala ndi fungicides. Polimbana ndi dzimbiri, fumbi la sulfuri ndi zokonzekera zamkuwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngati danga lozungulira mitsempha limasanduka chikasu, ndiye kuti tikulimbana ndi chlorosis, imakhala ndi vitriol yachitsulo komanso feteleza ndi feteleza ovuta. Kawirikawiri akamasiya maluwa amavutika ndi fusariosis, amachotsa matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito mababu ophikira pamene akubzala ndi yankho la "Fundazol". Kukula kwa bowa la botrytis, lomwe limadziwonetsera m'nyengo yamvula, ndi kovuta kusiya. Mababu okhudzidwa amafukula, atayidwa, athanzi amatetezedwa mu fungicides ("Maxim") ndi kuikidwa pamalo atsopano.
Tizilombo toyambitsa maluwa ndikumenyana nawo
Pa bedi la maluwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoopsa zowononga maluwa, zomwe zimafuna chidwi cha mwini munda. Nsabwe za m'masamba, maluwa a lilac ndi mphutsi zawo zowonongeka masamba ndi masamba. Iwo amawonongedwa ndi "Aktara" kapena "Aktellikom". Kulimbana ndi mphutsi za chikumbu cha May ndi chimbalangondo, amagwiritsa ntchito "Bingu", "Medotox", "Boverin" ndi zina. Kuchokera ku mbewa, zimathandiza kuphimba mababu asanadzalemo ndi mafuta a Vishnevsky, mankhwala a palafini. Kuwombera ndi masamba kumapulumutsidwa mwa kubzala muzitsulo zapadera kapena madengu a zomera za bulbous.