Udzu wa mbande - njira zodziwika kwambiri zokonzekera zosakaniza

Kuti mbewu zizitha, ndikofunika kusankha mbeu yoyenera ya mbande, yomwe imayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zambiri. Mu malo ogulitsira, mungagule zosakaniza zokonzekera kapena kuchita zonse nokha, kusakaniza zigawo zosiyana. Kwa chikhalidwe chilichonse pali zosankha.

Ndi dothi liti la mbeu zomwe zili bwino?

Ubwino wa malo oti upange chomera chilichonse ndi wofunika kwambiri, choncho ndikofunikira kusankhapo malinga ndi zofunikira zina.

1. Ndikofunika kuti dothi likhale lotayirira, bwino kulowa mu chinyezi ndi mpweya. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kusakanikirana kuti pakapita nthawi chisakanizocho sichikhala keke kapena kuumitsa, ndipo mapiritsi ndi ziphuphu sizipanga. Chilengedwe choyambirira cha mbande sayenera kukhala ndi dongo, chifukwa chidzapanga kusakaniza kosayenera kwa kukula kwa zomera.
2. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi kubereka, ndiko kuti, payenera kukhala zinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi zinthu komanso zovuta za mchere.
3. Mu nthaka sayenera kukhala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, spores wa bowa, mazira a tizilombo, mbewu za namsongole, koma siziyenera kukhala zopanda pake. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa microflora yothandiza, mwinamwake sikungatheke kukula mbande.
4. Dothi la mbande sayenera kukhala poizoni, ndiko kuti, zopangidwe zake siziyenera kukhala ndi mchere wambiri, radionuclides ndi zinthu zina zoipa.
5. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira zokhazokha pakutha kusanganikirana sayenera kutaya ndi kutentha msanga. Apo ayi, mbewu idzangowonongeka.
6. Malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito sayenera kukhala acidic kapena alkaline. Mpaka wabwino kwambiri wa acidity ndi malire a 6.5-6.7 pH. Zomwe zimayendera ndizomwe zili pafupi ndi ndale.

Kodi kukonzekera dothi kwa mbande?

Mosasamala kanthu kuti dzikolo linapangidwa paokha kapena lagulidwa, ndibwino kuti likhale lokonzeka. Pogwiritsira ntchito zigawo zikuluzikulu, ayenera kuponyedwa (makamaka padziko lapansi ndi mchenga). Akatswiri amanena kuti kukonzekera dothi kwa mbande kumaphatikizapo kutaya kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mphutsi ndi mazira. Njira iliyonse yomwe ilipo ili ndi ubwino wake ndi ubwino, ndipo njira zotchuka kwambiri ndizo:

1. Kutentha. Mwezi umodzi usanayambe kubzala mbewu, gwiritsani pansi mu madzi osamba kwa maola 2-3. Ndikofunika kuti chivundikirocho ndi nthaka chitsekedwe.
2. Kuwerengera. Dziko lapansi limasungidwa kwa hafu ya ola mu uvuni kutentha kwa 90 ° C.
3. Kuzizira. Kuyambira m'dzinja, ndikofunikira kukonzekera dothi la mbande, kuliyika pamsewu, kuliphimba, kuti lisalowe mvula. Mwezi umodzi usanagwiritse ntchito, dzikolo liyenera kubweretsedwa mnyumba, kutenthedwa, kuphatikizapo zigawo zina ndi kubwereranso ku chisanu.

Dothi lopangira mbande

Amaluwa ambiri amasankha kugula malo m'sitolo, koma ndibwino kuti apange okhaokha. Pali zigawo zitatu zofunikira: masamba kapena malo osungira, mchenga wa mtsinje ndi nthaka ya peaty kwa mbande, mwachitsanzo, humus kapena kompositi . Monga zowonjezera zigawozi, mungagwiritse ntchito utuchi, phulusa, khwangwala, moss, choko, feteleza, feteleza ndi zina. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbeu zosiyanasiyana zimasakanizidwa mosiyana.

Kutentha kwa dothi kwa mbande

Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kutentha kwa mpweya n'kofunika kwambiri, koma zizindikiro za nkhaniyo. Kwa zomera zosiyana, kutentha kumasiyana, koma mtengo wamtengo wapatali ukhoza kusiyanitsidwa. Nthaka yabwino ya mbande mutatha kufesa iyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kulowa kumapeto kwa 15-25 ° C. Pamene mphukira ikuwoneka ndipo masamba ayamba kupanga, mtengo uyenera kuchepetsedwa kufika 16 ° С. Ndikofunika kuganizira kuti, ngati zizindikirozo ziri zapamwamba, ndiye izi zingayambitse zimayambira.

Udzu wa mbande za masamba

Ziribe kanthu ngati mugwiritsira ntchito kugula kapena kudzikonzekera dothi, ndikofunika kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimakwaniritsa zofunikira.

1. Pofuna kudziwa mtundu wa dothi wofunikira kuti ukhale ndi mbande, nkofunika kuwonetsa kuti ziyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zofunika pa zakudya: nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Ngati zinthu izi zingakhale 300-400 mg / l, ndiye kuti sizingalimbikidwe kufesa mbewu mmenemo, zimaloledwa kubzala mbewu za akuluakulu. Maphunziro apamwamba sangavomerezedwe.
2. Musagwiritse ntchito munda wamunda, chifukwa uli ndi mawonekedwe osalongosoka, pali microflora ndi tizilombo zina.
3. Mukhoza kutenga dothi la cacti kukula mbande, koma musayiwale kuti muzisamala ndi acidity ndipo ngati kuli koyenera kusintha, mwachitsanzo, ndi ufa wa dolomite.

Nthaka kwa mbande ya nkhaka

Ngati mukufuna kukonzekera dzikolo nokha, kumbukirani kuti ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe tatchula pamwambapa. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoterezi:

1. Kuti mupange nthaka yabwino yobzala nkhaka mbande, sakanizani 1 gawo la nthaka ya sod ndi humus. Pa chidebe cha osakaniza, tengani 1 tbsp. phulusa.
2. Pazinthu zotsatirazi, sungani zofanana mofanana ndi munda kuchokera kumunda (zomwe ziyenera kudutsa masitepe okonzekera), kugula nthaka ndi mchenga.
3. Kuti mupange nthaka yabwino ya mbande ya nkhaka, muyenera kusakaniza 20 malita a nthaka-leafy nthaka, 200 g yawiri superphosphate, 10 g wa sulfuric potaziyamu, 80 g wa ammonium nitrate ndi 3-4 spoons nkhuni phulusa.

Nthaka kwa mbande za tomato

Kuti mukhale ndi tomato wabwino, nkofunika kukonzekera bwino dothi la mbande ndikupanga masiku atatu musanayambe kubzala. Chifukwa cha nthaka iyi ya mbande phwetekere idzakhala pansi ndipo njala idzatha. Pali mitundu yambiri yothandiza:

1. Sakanizani mofanana mofanana ndi munda wamunda, nthaka yobiriwira, mchenga ndi humus. Muziganiza zonse. Payokha, mu chidebe cha madzi, sungunulani 10 g wa carbamide, 30 g wa superphosphate ndi 25 g wa potaziyamu sulphate. Zotsatirazi zimatsanulira nthaka.
2. Kwa chotsatira chotsatira, onjezani peat ndi mchenga ku dziko la sod mu magawo ofanana. Ngati palibe peat, ndiye kuti mungagwiritse ntchito nthaka yomwe idagulidwa, koma ngati mulibe zowonjezeramo, muyenera kuika 0,5 l wa phulusa ndi zitsulo zingapo za superphosphate mu chidebe.
3. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito dothi la phwetekere: ku mbali ziwiri zazitsulo, kuwonjezera gawo la humus ndi mtsinje wofanana kapena mchenga wofanana. Pa chidebe cha omaliza kusakaniza amatengedwa 0,5 malita a phulusa nkhuni phulusa.

Dothi la kabichi mbande

Kuti mutenge mitu yaikulu m'tsogolomu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yachonde yopanda ndale. Ndikofunika kuti nthaka (nthaka) ya kabichi mmera imakhala ndi peti kapena mchenga wobala. Mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi:

1. Sakanizani mofanana mofanana ndi nthaka ya sod, humus ndi peat.
2. Potsatira chisakanizo chotsatira, tenga mbali zisanu zazitsulo - gawo lalikulu, gawo la phulusa ndi 1/4 la mandimu ndi mchenga.
3. Palinso njira ina, yoyenera kabichi, choncho tengani magawo atatu a peat, mbali ya turf ndi 1/4 mchenga.

Yambani mzere wa tsabola

Pali mitundu yambiri yomwe ingakhale yabwino yolima tsabola, ndipo pakati pawo pali wina amene amatha kusiyanitsa zolembazo. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kukonzekera nthaka kusakaniza, kuphatikiza mofanana ndi malo a sod, peat ndi mchenga. Zomwe zimagawidwa zimaphatikizidwa bwino ndikuwonjezera 30 magalamu a superphosphate ndi potassium sulfate, ndi malita 10 a madzi ndi magalamu 10 a carbamide. Kusamuka konse ndikuchoka kuti muume. Pofuna kudziwa mtundu wa nthaka yomwe ili yoyenera kwa mbande za tsabola, mungagwiritsire ntchito osakaniza omwe ali ndi ndalama zofanana za peat, humus ndi sod.

Udzu wa mbande za mavwende

Mitengo ya mchere imakhala yovuta kwambiri kwa nthaka, choncho ndikofunika kuti ikhale yachonde, yosalala, yosasunthika komanso yopanda madzi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthaka yamtundu wa mbatata ingakhale yofanana ndi zosankha za nkhaka. Kuti mukhale osakaniza osakanikirana, sakanizani mosiyana ndi malo a sod, mchenga wa mtsinje ndi humus. Kwa malita 10 a nthaka yomaliza, onjezerani 1 lita imodzi ya nkhuni phulusa. Pambuyo pake, dzikolo likuyenera kulandira chithandizo monga momwe tanenera pamwambapa. Kuti apange dothi la mbande, ganizirani mfundo zingapo:

1. Ngati dziko lapansi silinakonzedwe kuyambira nthawi ya autumn, kenaka m'malo mwake mukhale ndi malo ogulitsira masitolo, koma kokha kusankha zosankha zabwino.
2. Manyowa ogwiritsidwa ntchito amathandiza kupukuta sieve kuchotsa nthambi, miyala ndi zina zosafunikira.
3. Koma mchenga, uyenera kukhala waung'ono ndi woyera. Musanandionjezere ku nthaka osakaniza ayenera kutsukidwa kangapo m'madzi.

Dothi la vwende mbande

Kukula zipatso zazikulu pawebusaiti yanu sikophweka, choncho nkofunika kulimbikitsa kwambiri kukonzekera dothi, lomwe liyenera kukhuta ndi organic. Pali njira yotsimikiziridwa yomwe imavomerezedwa ndi wamaluwa odziwa bwino ntchito. Sakanizani mu ofanana ofanana mwachizolowezi munda wamunda, ogula nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito peat ndi kwathunthu yovunda kompositi. Muzisakaniza akhoza kuika pang'ono phulusa ndi mchenga wa mtsinje. Pofuna kudziwa chomwe chiyenera kukhala dothi la mbande, muyenera kufotokoza kufunikira koti madzi amadziwidwe ndi pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate, yomwe imathandiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Dothi la maluwa mbande

Ngati cholinga chake chikukula mbande zabwino kwa maluwa, ndiye kuti malangizo onse okhudza nthaka asanakhalepo angakhale othandiza pa nkhaniyi. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lotayirira, losavuta komanso loperewera kuti mpweya uzidutsa bwinobwino ndikusunga chinyezi. Ndikoyenera kumvetsera zokhudzana ndi zomwe siziyenera kuikidwa m'nthaka ya mbande za maluwa, monga kompositi, pepala lapansi, kubwezeretsa manyowa, mitengo yamtengo wapatali, udzu ndi tsabola.

Mu masitolo ogulitsa maluwa, mungapeze kusankha kosakaniza kokonzedwa bwino, monga "Flora", "Garden Land", "Violet" ndi zina zotero. Mungagwiritse ntchito zosankha zonse. Mukamagula, mverani zokhazokha, chifukwa muli ndi zakudya zambiri zomwe simungakhoze kuziwona. Ngati m'nthaka ya mbande phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni imakhala 300-400 mg / l, ndiye sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mbeu za mbeu, popeza masambawo sangawoneke.

Kumera mbande

Pofesa mbewu ndi kukalima maluwa ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito nthaka yatsopano popewera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pali njira zingapo, nthaka yomwe mungasankhe kuti mbande ikule:

1. Chophweka chophatikizapo kusakaniza gawo limodzi la mchenga ndi peat. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunikira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
2. Ngati mukugula nthaka yosakaniza, ndi bwino kusankha njira yapadera kwa asters. Ngati simungapeze dothi lotero, tengani munda kuti mukhale ndi maluwa ndi kuwonjezera mchenga, kusunga chiwerengero cha 10: 1.
3. Palinso njira ina yabwino yoyenera asters: kusakaniza magawo 4 a peat, magawo awiri a munda wamunda ndi 1 gawo la mchenga. Pambuyo pake, yikani phulusa, pomupatsa kuti malita 10 a osakaniza ayenera kuwerengera 1 tbsp. Zosakaniza zonse, sungani ndi kuwonjezera 1 tbsp. Perlite, yomwe imachotsa chinyezi chokwanira komanso imaletsa kuyanika kwa nthaka. Onetsetsani kuti muwone nthaka.

Dothi la petunia mbande

Imodzi mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri ndi petunias, yomwe imaimiridwa mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu. Ndikofunika kuganizira kuti nthaka ya mbande isakhale ndi acidity, chifukwa mbewu sizidzuka bwino. Limu lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti lisatengeke. PH phindu la petunia, mtengowo uyenera kukhala magulu 5.5-6. Nthaka yoyenera ya mbande ingapangidwe ndi manja awo, kupatsidwa malangizo:

1. Sakanizani gawo limodzi la mchenga ndi peat moss, ndipo onjezani magawo awiri a loam. Ngati mukufuna kukweza petunia pabwalo, kenaka gwirizani 30% ya dothi loyera ndi 70% ya peat wofiira.
2. Pamene kulima kuli kwa malonda, ndiye mchenga ndi mchenga wa moss ziyenera kulumikizidwa mofanana, ndipo mmalo mwa loam gwiritsani ntchito mbali ya makungwa a spruce ndi kuchuluka kwa perlite.