Mndandanda wa matenda oopsa kwambiri umaphatikizapo matenda omwe amadziwika ndi mliri wapadera, mwachitsanzo, amatha kufalitsa anthu ambiri. Iwo amadziwikanso kuti alipo pakalipano, ali pangozi yaikulu ya kupha ndipo akhoza kukhazikitsa maziko a zida zowonongeka. Ganizirani zomwe matendawa ali oopsa kwambiri, komanso momwe mungadzitetezere ku matenda.
Matenda owopsa kwambiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Mudziko mankhwala mankhwala apo palibe miyezo yunifolomu yokhudza zomwe matenda ayenera kuonedwa kuti ndi owopsa kwambiri. Mndandanda wa matenda oterewa ndi osiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana, ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi matenda atsopano, m'malo mosiyana ndi matenda ena.
Pakalipano, akatswiri odwala matenda opatsirana m'mabanja amatsatira mndandandawu, womwe umakhalapo ndi 5 matenda oopsa kwambiri:
- anthrax;
- kolera ;
- mliri;
- Tularemia;
- chikondwerero cha chikasu (komanso matenda ena a Ebola ndi Marburg).
Anthrax
Matenda a Zoonotic, mwachitsanzo, yoperekedwa kwa munthu kuchokera ku zinyama. Wothandizira matendawa ndi bacillus, yomwe yasungidwa m'nthaka kwa zaka zambiri. Gwero la matenda ndi odwala nyama zoweta (zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, nkhumba, etc.). Katemera akhoza kuchitika mwa njira izi:
- pini;
- mpweya;
- chithandizo;
- kutumiza.
Matendawa ali ndi nthawi yochepa yopuma (mpaka masiku atatu). Malingana ndi chithunzi cha kuchipatala cha anthrax, pali mitundu itatu ya anthrax:
- khungu;
- mimba;
- pulmonary.
Cholera
Matenda oopsa a bakiteriya, omwe ali m'gulu la matenda opatsirana m'mimba. Wothandizira matendawa ndi cholera vibrio, yomwe imasungidwa bwino kutentha komanso m'nyanja. Zotsatira za matenda ndi munthu wodwala (kuphatikizapo pa siteji ya kuchira) ndi vibrio othandizira. Matendawa amapezeka ndi njira yamakamwa.
Nthawi yowonjezera matendawa ndi masiku asanu. Chowopsa kwambiri ndi kolera, yomwe ikuyenda mu mawonekedwe ochotsedwa kapena amodzi.
Mliri
Matenda oopsa opatsirana omwe amadziwika ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri komanso omwe amatha kufa kwambiri. Wothandizira mankhwalawa ndi chipika, chomwe chimafalitsidwa ndi odwala, makoswe ndi tizilombo (utitiri, etc.). Mliri wamtendere ndi wotsutsana kwambiri, umatsutsana ndi kutentha. Njira zopatsirana ndizosiyana:
- kusamutsidwa;
- kuthamanga kwa mpweya.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mliri, omwe ambiri amapezeka ndi pulmonary ndi bubonic. Nthawi yosakaniza ingakhale masiku 6.
Tularemia
Matenda a chilengedwe, omwe ali owopsa kwambiri, posachedwapa amadziwika kwa anthu. Wothandizira causative ndi anaerobic tularemia bacillus. Zitsime za matenda ndi makoswe, nyama zina (zilonda, nkhosa, etc.), mbalame. Pa nthawi yomweyi, anthu odwala sagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pali njira zotsatirazi za matenda:
- kusamutsidwa;
- kupuma;
- pini;
- feedary.
Nthawi yosakaniza, pafupifupi, ndi masiku 3 mpaka 7. Pali mitundu yambiri ya tularemia:
- matumbo;
- chiwonetsero;
- chojambula;
- ululu-bubonic ndi ena.
Kutentha kwa dzuwa
Matenda owopsa kwambiri a HIV, ofanana ndi malungo. Wothandizira causative ndi arbovirus, womwe umatulutsidwa kudzera mu ululu wa udzudzu. Matenda a Ebola ndi Marburg amayamba ndi ma filoviruses, otengedwa ndi anyani a ku Africa ndi zamoyo zina. Kutenga kumachitika m'njira zotsatirazi:
- mpweya;
- pini.
Kupewa matenda opatsirana kwambiri
Chofunika kwambiri mu njira yothandizira kuteteza mliri wa matenda oopsa kwambiri ndi person prophylaxis, omwe amapereka:
- ntchito imatsimikiziridwa ndi madzi otetezeka ndi zakumwa;
- kusamba bwino zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba;
- kutenga chakudya chokhachokha;
- kusamba mu malo enieni osankhidwa;
- kusunga malamulo a ukhondo waumwini, ndi zina zotero.
Katemera ayenera kuchitanso ngati kuli kotheka.