Mchenga wamtengo wapatali wa aquarium ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa zinthu zakuthambo. Imakhala ngati gawo la zobiriwira zobiriwira, fyuluta yachilengedwe, malo okhala m'madera ambiri a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kusankha bwino kwa dothi ndi nkhani yaikulu, chisankho chomwe chimakhudza tsogolo la ufumu wonse pansi pa madzi.
Mchenga m'mphepete mwa aquarium - ubwino ndi chiwonongeko
M'madzi amasiku ano, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dothi kapena zachilengedwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito - imachokera ku makorale, malo otayika, zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi zakudya zowonjezera, dongo la dothi lopangidwa, mchenga ndi miyala. Chofunika kwambiri pakusankhira mulingo woyenerera wa thanki yopangidwa ndi nyumba ndizomene nsomba ndi zomera zimakhalira mu dziko lapansi pansi pa madzi. Malo omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi ofunika kwambiri ndi nthaka yochepetsetsa mchenga, momwe zolengedwa zambiri zosadzichepetsa zimakhala bwino.
Mafani ambiri amasankha zachilengedwe kuti zisakanikizidwe zomwe zimatembenukira pansi pa thanki kupita kumalo osangalatsa kwambiri. Funso ndiloti mchenga wa aquarium ndi wofunika, nkhawa za atsopano omwe anaganiza zoyambitsa tankinayi ndi nsomba za m'nyumbamo m'nyumba zawo. Kuti muyende bwino pa mutu uwu, ndi zofunika kudziwitsa kuipa kwakukulu ndi ubwino wa nthaka iyi.
Kuposa mchenga wabwino wa aquarium:
- Zomera zamadzi zimakula bwino ndikukhazikika pamchenga.
- Ndipafupi kuyeretsa pansi pa mchenga, njirayi ndi yosavuta kuchita ndi siphon , kudutsa chipangizocho pafupi ndi pamwamba.
- Mchenga wochokera mchenga umachita bwino kwambiri.
- Dothi la mtundu uwu ndi lokongola kwa zolengedwa za benthic, omwe amakonda kukumba muzowunikira.
- Mchenga nthawi zonse umakopa chilengedwe cha mkati mwa aquarium.
Kuipa kwa nthaka yamchenga:
- Kuchapa ndi kukonzekera mchenga kwa aquarium ndi miyeso yaitali komanso yovuta.
- Dothi la mtundu umenewu limafuna nthawi zonse kuchokapo, mwinamwake imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zigawo za zinyalala.
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mchenga imatha kusintha mtundu wa madzi m'madzi.
- M'nthaka yoyera ya mchenga, mulibe zakudya zokwanira zamasamba, kotero kuti feteleza ndi fetereza zimayenera.
Kodi mchenga uli bwino kwa aquarium?
Pofuna kugwiritsira ntchito zachilengedwe, zachilengedwe za nthaka, chiyambi chake, kukula kwake kwa magawo, gawo la nthaka particles limathandiza. Ngati mumangoganizira zokongoletsa zokhazokha, ndiye kuti aquarist sichidzakwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino kamodzi. Ndizofunika kufufuza zochitikazo ndi kukhazikitsa zolinga, kusankha zolemba zoyenerera bwino, zomwe zidzakutse pansi pa chidebe cha galasi.
Makhalidwe apamwamba a nthaka ya mchenga kwa aquarium:
- Kusweka kwa mchenga. Nkhumba zazikuluzikulu ndi miyala yayikulu sizigwirizana. Chofunika kwambiri chimakhala ngati mchenga wa aquarium ndi tinthu tating'ono ta 1.5-2 mm. Ngati pali tirigu wochepa, ndiye kuti m'nthaka aeration ndizosauka, kupuma, kuberekanso kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuchokera m'matanthwe akuluakulu, zomera zimatsuka, zomera zimachokera ku mizu yake.
- Mchenga wambiri wa aquarium. Mzere wa 4-6 mm ndi woyenera m'minda yam'madzi ambiri, dothi losiyana ndi lofunika kwa mitundu yosawerengeka ya zomera.
- Mtundu wa mchenga wa aquarium. Mtundu wa nthaka umasonyeza mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi particles. Mbewu za mtundu wofiira kapena wachikasu zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi zosayenera, zili ndi zitsulo zochuluka. Ndibwino kukumbukira kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chimbudzi kumayambitsa kuswa kwa madzi okwanira, zomwe zamoyo zambiri zimatha kufa.
Mitengo yabwino ya mchenga wa aquarium:
- mchenga wa mtsinje;
- mchenga wa quartz;
- mchenga wa mchere;
- mchenga wakuda;
- Mchenga wa Aragonite wokhala ndi nyumba yamadzi.
Mchenga wa Mtsinje wa aquarium
Ngati mukufuna nyamayi yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta kumalo a aquarium, ndiye kuti mchenga wochokera pansi pa mtsinje ndi woyenera bwino. Kugwiritsira ntchito moyenera kwa zinthu zolembedwa pa shallows, kumene dothi ndiloling'ono. Apo ayi, wophunzira amayenera kugwira ntchito yaitali, kutsuka zokometsera kuti achotse zosafunika. Mchenga wa mtsinje wa aquarium ambiri umadutsa madzi, ndibwino kudyetsa zomera zonse zam'madzi.
Mchenga wa Nyanja mu Aquarium
Pogwiritsa ntchito malo osungiramo madzi, malo ochepa omwe amasonkhanitsa pansi pa nyanja ndi abwino, koma asanagwiritse ntchito ayenera kutsukidwa bwino, kuchotsa zitsamba zamchere ndi zosafunika zina. Mchenga wokhazikika mumtambo wa aquarium kuchokera ku nyanja ndi wabwino, umakula bwino ndikukula nsomba. Kuti mumvetse bwino, mungathe kuzipukuta kupyolera mu sieve, kulekanitsa zidutswa za zipolopolo podutsa. Ndibwino kuyang'ana madzi kuti asamalidwe pakutha, pogwiritsa ntchito mayesero okonzeka.
M'madzi a m'nyanja, mungathe kuyika "mchenga wamoyo" ndi magulu a tizilombo tokha omwe sali owonongeka panthawi yopititsa. Sichitha kupyolera mu kuyanika ndikuthandizira kusintha madzi mofulumira. Mlengalenga, nthakayi imaletsedwa, patapita maola ochepa microflora akuphedwa, "mchenga wamoyo" wa aquarium umakhala wosayenera. Kawirikawiri, gawo lopangidwa ndi okonzeka m'madzi lomwe lili ndi mabakiteriya limakhala lopopera pang'onopang'ono pa quartz kapena mtsinje.
Mchenga wa Coral wa aquarium
Nthaka ya Aragonite imapezeka kuchokera kumadzi apanyanja, kumene mabwinja a corals ndi mollusks amasonkhanitsa. M'nthaka iyi, calcium yamakono, mchenga wokongoletsera wa aquarium kuchokera m'magulu a zamoyo zimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chikhale cholimba. Coral crumb ikugulitsidwa kachigawo kakang'ono, kamene kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyanja yamadzi ndi m'madzi osasunthika pansi pa nyanja, zachilengedwe zamchere.
Mchenga woyera mu aquarium
Okonda nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kukongoletsa tangi, nthaka yoyera komanso zosakaniza. Chiyambi cha aquarium ya mchenga woyera chikhoza kukhala chosiyana, chomwe chimakhudza zambiri ndi mankhwala. Kawirikawiri mtundu umenewu umapezeka m'chilengedwe, choncho ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yomwe mwapeza mosamala, mutatha kuyanjana mosamalitsa ndi zolemba zake.
Mitundu ya mchenga woyera wa aquarium:
- mchenga wa mtsinje;
- mchenga wochokera kunyanja;
- Mchenga wa Aragonite kuchokera kumakhola ang'onoang'ono oyera ndi zipolopolo;
- mchenga wa quartz, womwe unapangidwa ndi kupunthwa kwapadera kwa mtundu woyera wa quartz woyera.
Mchenga wakuda wa quartz wa aquarium
Mtundu uwu umapatsa dothi la ilmenite, magnetite kapena hematite, lomwe limasiyana mofanana ndi lomwe limapangidwa. Mchenga wakuda m'mphepete mwa aquarium ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopanda malire, sukusintha chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe, kotero kuti madziwa sangadandaule ndi kuwonjezeka kwa madzi. Poyerekeza ndi nthaka yoyera ya chisanu, mdima wakuda pansi pa madzi uli wopindulitsa kwambiri, pa mitundu yonse ya zamoyo zikuwonekera bwino. Pofuna kuchepetsa kusiyana, ndizofunika kugwiritsa ntchito osati mchenga wakuda basi, koma gawo lokhala ndi nsalu yochepa.
Mchenga wamaluwa wa aquarium
Mitundu yambiri imathandiza kukongoletsa mkati mwa ufumu wa pansi pa madzi modabwitsa, kupanga mosavuta zojambula zosiyana komanso zooneka bwino pansi kuti zifanane ndi ziweto zanu zachilendo. Mu funso la mchenga wotani womwe umayenera kuti ukhale nawo m'nyanja, ndibwino kuti utsogoleredwe ndi chitetezo. Dothi lokhala losafunika lisakhale lopweteka kwa nsomba, musakhudze chiwerengero cha kuuma ndi acidity wa chilengedwe. Gawo lokwanira la quartz lapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe ndi zofunika kuti muzimutsuka musanadzaze.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji mchenga wa aquarium?
Ndibwino kuti musamakhulupirire makalata otsatsa malonda ndikukonzekera dzuŵa kuti mudzazidwe mu chidebe ndi nsomba. Mchenga waukulu wa aquarium wokhala ndi chizolowezi choyenera uyenera kukhala ndi ntchito zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotetezeka kwa anthu okhala m'madzi. Ntchito yokonzekera gawo lapansi ndi losavuta komanso lamphamvu kwa aliyense watsopano.
Ndondomeko yokonzekera mchenga wa aquarium:
- Kuchapa kumaphatikizapo kutunga madzi mu chidebe chabwino. Kugwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza ndi mchenga muzitsulo zamadzimadzi kapena zidebe kumayambitsa kuvulaza.
- Posavuta, mchenga umagawanika kukhala magawo 3-4 makilogalamu.
- Timasambitsa nthaka kumtunda kumene madzi otuluka sakhala oonekera bwino.
- Zotsala za mchenga wa mchenga zimadzuka ndipo zimachotsedwa.
- Disinfection ikuchitika ndi kutentha kwa mphindi 15-20 ndi nthawi zonse kusanganikirana kwa mchenga osakaniza.
- Pambuyo otentha, nthaka imatsuka kachiwiri.
- Njira zina za disinfection - calcination m'magulu, mankhwala ndi 10% chlorine yankho.
- Pangani mchenga wakuda mdima umathandizire kuwukha mu njira yothetsera manganese.
- Kuchotsa carbonates yochulukirapo mumchenga wa aquarium kumatulutsa 30% ya citric acid. Mankhwalawa amathera pambuyo poti mphutsi ndi mpweya zimasiya kumasulidwa m'madzi, kenako nthaka imatsukidwa.
Kodi mungatsanulire mchenga bwanji ku aquarium?
Ndizovuta kugwira ntchito ndi pulasitiki spatula, zimathandiza kufalitsa kusakaniza mofanana, popanda kuphwanya galasi losakhwima. Gawo la pansi kapena peat omwe ali ndi zakudya nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pansi kuti apititse patsogolo kayendedwe ka madzi. Miyala yambiri iyenera kuikidwa pamatope, omwe amalepheretsa kugawidwa. Timagona mchenga wosavuta kapena wokongoletsera wa aquarium mu chidebe popanda madzi, timasunga scapula pansi, nsangalabwi iliyonse kuchokera kutalika ikhoza kuthyola pamwamba.
Kutsetsereka kumapangidwira kukhoma kutsogolo, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi gawo lalikulu zimatsanulira kuchokera pansi, ndipo mchenga wabwino waikidwa pamwamba. Njira yowonjezereka ndi mchenga wa masentimita 8, kutsogolo kutsogolo - mpaka 2 masentimita. Ngati mukufuna, spatula limapangitsa dothi kukhala lapadera kapena kupanga dothi la msinkhu wa aquarium. Nyimbo za Multilevel n'zosavuta kulenga mothandizidwa ndi miyala, kugawa pansi mpaka kumalo.
Kodi mumapeza mchenga wochuluka bwanji mumcherewu?
Ndi kosavuta kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa dothi la aquarium mchenga ndi njira yowonjezera. Choyamba, yang'anani kuchuluka kwa tanki mu lita, ndikugawani chiwerengero cha 10. Ndi bwino kuyeza lita imodzi ya mchenga wouma kuti muthe kulemera kwa nthaka mu kilogalamu, mukamaigula mu sitolo. Izi ziwerengero, koma zimathandiza kudziwa kuchuluka kwa dothi mumsomba wa aquarium wofunikira nsomba ndikukula mumchenga wa zomera.
Kusamalira mchenga ku aquarium
Dothi la nsomba, zomera zimatsalira ndikudyetsa zowononga nthaka, kumasula poizoni m'madzi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, siphon imatsukidwa patatha masiku 30 chiyambi cha zamoyo, zonse zimapangidwa mwezi uliwonse. Madzi amagazi mumchenga wa aquarium sangapewe nsomba, safunikira kuchotsedwa. Zonsezi zimatha kutsukidwa ndi kuyeretsa kwathunthu, koma cholinga ichi muyenera kuchotsa nsomba ndi zomera, ndikutsuka mchenga m'madzi. Kuyeretsa bwino malowa ndi nthaka kumachitika kamodzi pachaka.
Kodi mungatsuke bwanji mchenga wa aquarium?
Ntchito yotsuka mchenga mumsasa wa aquarium imathetsedwa ndi siphon yosavuta. Thumba lokhala ndi phula limamasula bwino nthaka, mchenga ndi miyala zimakhala pansi, ndipo dothi limayamwa mu chubu. Pambuyo pa masekondi pang'ono, siphon imasuntha ndipo ntchito ikubwereza. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera madzi mu chidebe kuti mubwezeretse voliyumu yomwe mukufuna. Kutentha kwa madzi poyamba kungasokoneze amateur, koma njirayi ndi yachibadwa ndipo posachedwa zachilengedwe zimabwezeretsedwa.