Kuyambira kuphunzira funso la momwe mungadzalemo kabichi panja, munthu ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri zokolola za mbeu iyi. Popanda ulimi wothirira, feteleza, nthawi yeniyeni yodzala namsongole ndi tizirombo, mitu yambiri yamtengo wapatali sitingapezeke pa tsamba.
Kodi ndi bwino bwanji kubzala kabichi panja?
Musanadziwe njira zothetsera vutoli, momwe mungabwerekere kabichi, muyenera kugula, kapena nokha mukukula mmera wabwino kuti mutsegule. Zosiyanasiyana ndi zochepetsera zimagawidwa ndi kukhwima ndi cholinga cha chipatso. Mitu yoyambirira ndi yazing'ono, idyani mu saladi ndi mbale zina m'chilimwe. Mitundu yapakatikati imakhala yambiri, imatha kusungidwa kwa kanthawi kozizira, ndipo kabichi yozizira ndi mitu yambiri ndi yothandiza kwambiri, imatha kunama mpaka masika.
Waukulu mitundu kabichi:
- White kabichi ndi mbewu yakale komanso yotchuka ya masamba omwe amawunduka, oyenera kukonzekera zakudya zambiri, ali ndi zakudya zambiri komanso zakudya zamtengo wapatali.
- Kabichi wofiira - mofanana ndi mutu wa kabichi umawoneka ngati mtundu wooneka ngati woyera, koma uli ndi mtundu wa violet-blue. Cholinga chachikulu - saladi, mbali mbale, pickling.
- Savoy kabichi - mawonekedwe lotayirira mitu ndi wosakhwima corrugated masamba, wangwiro saladi. Ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha vitamini D, iron ndi calcium, koma yosungidwa bwino.
- Kolifulawa - imapanga inflorescences zosangalatsa za kirimu mtundu, wokhala ndi thanzi labwino. Oyenera chifukwa cha msuzi, zakudya zokazinga, casseroles.
- Broccoli - ali ndi zofanana ndi caulifulawa, koma inflorescence ndi wobiriwira mtundu, kulawa ofanana ndi katsitsumzukwa.
- Kohlrabi - amasiyana mosiyana ndi oyambirira ake, amapanga phesi lakuda, kulawa ngati phesi la mitundu yozika mizu. Chodziwika kwambiri kwa kohlrabi kwambiri mikhalidwe ya zakudya, zimapindulitsa pa kuwonjezeka kwapakati, matenda a atherosclerosis, matenda a ziwalo zamkati, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera saladi ndi zokongoletsera.
Kodi kubzala kabichi poyera pansi mbande?
Pofuna kuthetsa vuto la momwe mungadzalemo mbande za kabichi, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi mbeu zambiri za chikhalidwe ichi. Ndikoyenera kuwerengera kuti panthawi yosamutsira mbande ku malo osatha kumalo otseguka omwe anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 50. Chonde dziwani kuti pafupipafupi, kumera kwa kumera kuchokera ku mbeu kumachitika masiku khumi ndi awiri. Pakuti broccoli, savoy ndi Brussels zimamera, zaka za mmera zimaloledwa kukhala zochepa - masiku 35-45.
Kusankha njira yobzala kabichi panja, mungagwiritse ntchito njirayi ndi kusankha , yomwe imapangidwa masabata awiri pambuyo pa maonekedwe a mbande. Mbande muzitsulo zokha zimapanga mphamvu, ndi mizu yabwino, mawonekedwe a squat. Kukula kwa mphika kumadalira zosiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito ndi mphamvu ya 6x6 cm mpaka 8x8 masentimita. Popanda kukola, kabichi imakula m'zipiritsi zowonjezera zopangidwa ndi peat, makaseti kapena masentimita 7-10 masentimita. Mbewu zingapo zimafesedwa m'chipindacho, kuchotsa mphukira yofooka.
Pamene mukugwira ntchito yodzala kabichi mwachindunji, onani zokolola za mbeu, pewani oyambirira monga mbewu za cruciferous. Mbeuzo zimabisidwa m'nthaka mpaka masamba awiri oyambirirawo, nthaka imayimitsidwa bwino, yaying'ono, ndi kuthirira madzi. Mu nthawi yoyamba, kuteteza ku chisanu nyengo, amagwiritsa ntchito filimu ndi agglomerate ku mabedi.
Momwe mungamere kabichi panja ndi mbewu?
Osati wamaluwa onse akhoza kukula mbande za mbewu za m'munda. Njira yochepetsetsa, koma yosavomerezeka nthawi zonse ndiyo kubzala mbewu mnthaka. Zagula zogulidwa zimatetezedwa ku disinfected kwa theka la ora mu manganese, kukonzekera mdima wofiira yankho. Kuonjezeranso kuthetsa vutoli, momwe mungadzalemo kabichi m'nthaka ndi mbeu, kukonzekera mabedi, kukumba zisa, osakaniza nthaka. Mbewu imalowa m'nthaka ya 2 cm, kukana koyamba mbuto zoyipa kumatulutsa gawo la masamba atatu, masamba 6 omalizira. Pakati pa zomera zazikulu muzisiya malo mpaka masentimita 70.
Ndi mtunda uti womwe kabichi ayenera kubzalidwa?
Ndondomeko yosankhidwa yobzala kabichi panja iyenera kugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zomera. Pa gawo lokhuthala, sangapeze kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi kuwala. Mitengo yamasika imafuna malo ambiri, ngati kukula kwazitali ku Brussels. Malo osachepera a moyo amafunika broccoli ndi kolifulawa. Maunki amatha kukula kwa pang'ono ndi kuya kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa mizu ya mmera.
Ndondomeko zoyenera za kubzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi:
- oyambirira woyera - 30x40 cm,
- medium-yakucha yoyera-mutu - 50x60 cm,
- mochedwa woyera-kumutu - 60х70 cm,
- mtundu - 25x50 cm,
- broccoli - 35x50 cm,
- Savoy - 40x60 masentimita,
- Brussels - 60x70 masentimita.
Kabichi - nthawi yobzala pansi
Pa nthawi yobzala m'nthaka, mbande zokhwima bwino zimakhala ndi masamba 7, ndipo zimakhala kutalika kwa masentimita 20. Mu bizinezi, momwe mungamere kabichi panja, gawo lofunika kwambiri limasewera ndi kutentha zomera, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa masentimita mpaka 8 ° C. Pofika kutentha kosatha, mbande sizikuphimbidwa usiku. Kubzala mbande za kabichi m'madera osiyana siyana kumachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Kwa Ukraine ndi South Russia, mitundu yoyambirira idzabzalidwa kuyambira April 25, mochedwa - kuchokera pa May 10. Timayesa kuthetsa ntchito yonse yobzala asanayambe June.
Kumene mungabzala kabichi pa webusaitiyi?
Kaŵirikaŵiri atsopano amatayika mu funso la komwe angabzala kabichi, kupanga zolakwa zambiri, ndipo amatha ndi zokolola zoipa. Otsogola bwino kwambiri pamunda umenewu ndi mitundu yambiri ya tirigu, mbewu zakuda, bulbous, nyemba, nkhaka. Ndizosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito malo amodzi kwa zaka zingapo mzere ndikubwerera kumbuyo kumapeto kwa nyengo zoposa 4. Sankhani malo otseguka, otetezeka komanso okonzeka bwino. Kabichi amakonda madzi, koma nthawi zonse nthaka yopanda madzi ndi kusowa mpweya nthawi zambiri imabweretsa bacteriosis.
Mu mtundu wanji wa dothi kubzala kabichi?
Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Chikhalidwe cha chernozem, sod-podzolic ndi imvi nkhalango leached nthaka. Kuchuluka kwa acidity ya malo pamtengowu ndi 6.7-7.4 pH. Kusankha malo omwe kuli bwino kubzala kabichi, timakonza munda m'munda wotseguka kwa nyengo. Mukhoza kupanga ndowa imodzi ndi theka ya peregremshego humus pamtunda umodzi wa malo. Mu nthaka timaphatikizapo kukumba makapu awiri a superphosphate ndi spoonful ya feteleza feteleza.
Kodi ndingamange chiyani pafupi ndi kabichi?
Chomerachi n'chosangalatsa ndi mbewu zambiri za m'munda, choncho funso lodzala pafupi ndi kabichi kuthengo limathetsedwa mosavuta. Mukhoza kukhala mosamala pa chiwembu pafupi ndi kabichi ndi nyemba, udzu winawake ndi saladi, ndi ochezeka ndi mitundu yonse ya masamba, anyezi ndi beets. Zitsamba zokhala ndi zokometsera zimawopseza tizirombo, kotero ndi zofunika ku malo ake okhala ndi katsabola, sage, basil, timbewu, marigold ndi marigold. Silimbikitsidwa pafupi ndi kabichi kudzala fennel, mphesa, tomato, parsley ndi udzu winawake.
Kusamalira kabichi mutabzala?
Mutagwiritsa ntchito njirayi mmene mungabzalitsire kabichi bwino, muyenera kusamalira zamasamba pamalo otseguka. Ntchito zazikulu zamasamba ndizamasula nthaka, kuchotsa namsongole, kuthirira ndi kudyetsa. Musaiwale za kulimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda omwe akudikirira kubzala masamba m'dzikoli.
Waukulu matenda ndi tizirombo wa kabichi :
- mwendo wakuda,
- keel kabichi,
- zonama,
- fusariosis,
- zojambulajambula,
- kabichi nsabwe za m'masamba,
- kabichi ntchentche,
- cruciferous utitiri,
- butterfly kabichi,
- kabichi fosholo.
Against the kabichi, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi utitiri zimathandiza chithandizo cha soapy yankho, cholinga cha masamba ndi phulusa. Ngati ali ndi kachilombo koopsa, amachizidwa ndi mankhwala a Aktara, Karate, Piretrum, Carbofos, Fufanon ndi tizilombo tina. Nyongolotsi zomwe zimakhala m'nthaka zimathamangitsidwa ndi njira zabwino Mukhoed, Medetoks, Zemlin. Chikwangwani chikuwonongedwa ndi misampha, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha agulugufe. Kulimbana ndi bowa kumathandiza Bordeaux madzi 1%, mabedi poyera omwe amachitira mankhwala osokoneza bongo Topsin-M, Benomil, Agat-25, Immunocytophyte.
Kabichi mutabzala - kuthirira
Kwa kuthirira madzi, kutentha kwa 18-23 ° C ndi koyenerera. Ngati palibe njira yothirira kuthirira, ndibwino kudyetsa madzi m'zitsime. Ngati mubzala kabichi m'dzikoli, mukhoza kutsanulira pansi pamtunda pansi pa chomeracho mu chidebe cha madzi. Kumbukirani, madzi okwanira ambiri atatha kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali amachititsa kuti maluwa asokonezeke. Kabichi wamphamvu kwambiri imafuna madzi mwamsanga mutabzala, panthawi ya kukula kwakukulu kwa masamba ndi kumangiriza mitu.
Kudyetsa kabichi mutabzala
Alimi oyamba kumene amakhala ndi chidwi ndi funso la zomwe mungayambe mutabzala kabichi kuti muwonjezere zokolola za masamba. Chomera feteleza choyamba chimatha milungu iwiri mutabzala mbande ndi feteleza okonzeka bwino, 0,5 lita saltpeter yankho kapena mullein (5: 1). Pambuyo masiku 15-20, timathandiza zomera kuthengo ndi organic kapena mineral mankhwala, kusakaniza nitrate ndi superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulphate mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2: 1. Nthawi yachitatu amadyetsa kabichi mu theka la mwezi. Mukhoza kusakaniza superphosphate ndi potaziyamu phosphate (2: 1), kuwaza dothi pafupi ndi tchire ndi phulusa.