Amaluwa ambiri ayesa kale njirayi yakukula nkhaka. Amene adakwanitsa nthawi yoyamba, abwereza njira iyi chaka ndi chaka, ndipo osayesa osapindula amasiya njirayi. Kuti mukhoze kukula nkhaka nthawi yoyamba, muyenera kudziwa malamulo ochepa.
Nkhaka mbewu kwa greenhouses
Kulima nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha kumayamba ndi kubzala mbewu ndikukonzekera mbande. Ngati muli ndi wowonjezera kutulutsa filimu, mukhoza kukula mbande pawindo la nyumbayo. Kuyambira nthawi ya April 2 mpaka 25, m'pofunika kudzala mbewu, ndipo poyambirira pa May, zidzatheka kusiya zonse pansi.
Kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha wopangidwa ndi ma polycarbonate, mbeu za nkhaka sizinayambe. Iwo amakula mwamsanga pamalo pa chigawo chaching'ono. Bzalani mbeu makamaka pa April 20, ndipo kuyambira pakati pa May mukhoza kukonza nkhaka kudera lonse la wowonjezera kutentha.
Technology ya kukula nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha
Musanadzalemo nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, ziyenera kukonzekera. Kuchokera m'dzinja kapena kumayambiriro kwa kasupe nkofunikira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi njira yapadera. Mu malita 10 a madzi kuchepetsa piritsi la mankhwala "Tenta-vir", pali ma tablesi awiri a oxychrome. Pa mamita makumi asanu ndi limodzi, mamita 10 aliwonse amadya.
Kulima nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha kumayamba ndi kukonzekera kwa nthaka. Zotsatira izi ziyenera kusakanizidwa bwino:
- gawo limodzi la peat, humus, utuchi ndi utuchi;
- Magawo 6 a peat + 2 mbali humus + 2 mbali ya utuchi;
- Mbali ziwiri za nthaka ya sod + 3 mbali ya humus + 3 mbali ya peat + 1 gawo la utuchi.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mizu ya nkhaka ndi yofooka, choncho imakhala yovuta kwambiri kwa nthaka. Ndicho chifukwa popanda feteleza yabwino, munda wanu sungapereke mbewu.
Musaiwale za mineral feteleza: 15 magalamu a ammonium nitrate, pafupifupi 25 g wa ammonium sulphate, 20-30 g wa superphosphates, 20 g wa potaziyamu mankhwala enaake. Zonse zimawerengedwera kwa dera la 1 sq.m.
Mfundo yovomerezeka yosamalira nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha ndiyomwe imaletsa chinyezi. Pamene chinyezi cha nthaka chikuchepetsedwa kufika 10%, nkhaka zimasiya kukula konse. Mvula yabwino kwambiri imatha kuwerengedwa 90% mpweya, ndi 95% pa nthaka. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kupitirira mofulumira kwa nthaka sikungalekerere. Ngati mutachita mwamphamvu kwambiri, zidzakhumudwitsa. Zotsatira zake, mizu imachepetsa kukula ndi kukula kwake, ndipo imatha kufa.
Nkhaka m'nyengo yozizira wowonjezera kutentha amakula mumasamufu, omwe sali ochepa mu nthaka. Choncho, zomera mwamsanga zimakhala ndi zochepa pa chitukuko, chifukwa zimagwiritsa ntchito chinyezi ndi zakudya. Onetsetsani kuti muyang'ane chinyezi cha nthaka: isanafike fruiting kuthirira nthawi 2-3, zimadalira nthaka youma. Musaiwale za chinyezi. Pochita izi, mapaipi amadzimadzi, njerwa, malo a nthaka: zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti nthunzi zikhale zowonongeka komanso kuti zikhale bwino kuti zikwanike zikule.
Nsabwe za m'masamba mu nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha
Whitefly (nsabwe za m'masamba) amawononga masamba a chomeracho, akuyamwa madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, olemera kusankha akusokoneza
Njira yoyamba yochotsera vuto ili ndi kuwonongedwa kwa namsongole. Mawindo onse ndi zitseko zonse ziyenera kutsekedwa ndi gauze. Mukhoza kupanga misampha ya glue. Kuyika kwa utoto wowala wachikasu kapena woyera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito plywood. Pamwamba pamakhala mafuta odzola, rosin ndi uchi, mafuta opangira mafuta: pamene tizilombo timakhala pa malo okongola kwambiri, amamanga pamwamba.
Nthaŵi ndi nthawi, sitsani zomera ndi madzi oyera, kumvetsera kwambiri pansi pa tsamba.