Ndi masabata angati 2 omwe akuyang'ana pa mimba?

Kuyesedwa kwa mtundu umenewu, monga kuwonetsera, kwatangoyamba kumene ku mayiko a pambuyo pa Soviet. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuphunzitsa kwake kwakukulu ndi zosavuta zofufuza, tsopano zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi kafukufukuyu, madokotala amatha kukhazikitsa magulu a chiopsezo kuti athane ndi mavuto omwe angakhalepo, osati pokhapokha pokhapokha pokhapokha ngati ali ndi kachilombo kokha, komanso kuti akule bwino. Ganizirani za kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane ndikupeza kuti masabata angati pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba, kafukufuku wachiwiri akuchitidwa.

Ndi liti pamene nthawi zambiri amawonanso?

Choyamba, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti kwa nthawi yoyamba mkazi amawerenga phunziroli panthawi yochepa kwambiri, masabata 12-13. Panthawiyi, madokotala amatha kukhazikitsa zophwanya pa kukula kwa ziwalo ndi machitidwe. Ngati tikulankhula za masabata angapo, kufufuza nthawiyi ndi nthawi ya masabata 16-20. Kawirikawiri limaperekedwa mkati mwa masabata 17-19. Ndizimene madokotala amachitanira poyankha funso la amayi oyembekezera za masabata angapo pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba amapanga kachiwiri.

Kodi cholinga cha phunziro lino ndi chiyani chomwe chimalola kukhazikitsa?

Kuwunika kumakulolani kuti muzindikire pakati pa amayi omwe ali pachiopsezo chokhala ndi vuto lachromosomal mwana wawo. Pachifukwa ichi, njira imeneyi nthawi zonse imakhala yovuta komanso ikuphatikizapo ultrasound, kuyesa magazi. Ndipakati pa kafukufuku womaliza kuti zizindikiro zina zimakhazikitsidwa, pakati pawo: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) , estriol yaulere, gonadotropin ya anthu (hCG) ya chorionic . Pankhaniyi, nthawi zambiri kuchokera kwa madokotala mumatha kumva dzina lachiwiri - kuyesedwa katatu.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko m'magazi a mayi wapakati pa zinthu zomwe tawalemba pamwambazi kumapangitsa kulankhula momveka bwino kuti pangakhale chiopsezo chowonjezereka chokhazikitsidwa ndi matendawa monga:

• Down's syndrome (dzina lachiwiri ndi trisomy 21);
• Matenda a Edwards (trisomy 18);
• zofooka za neural tube (msana wa msana ndi waulere waulere, palibe ubongo).

Kodi kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira kumapezeka bwanji?

Pokambirana ndi chiwerengero cha masabata kumene kufufuza 2 kwachitika, tidzatha kufotokoza momwe zotsatirazo zikuyendera.

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kunena kuti dokotala yekha ndi amene angachite izi. Ndipotu, kusintha chizindikiro china sikunyoza mwatsatanetsatane, koma kumangosonyeza chithunzithunzi cha chitukuko chake.

Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa hCG m'magazi a mayi wamtsogolo kungasonyeze mwayi waukulu wopanga chromosomal zovuta kwa mwana wamtsogolo, kuthekera kwa gestosis. Kutsika kwa mlingo wa hormoni iyi, monga lamulo, kumasonyeza kuphwanya kwa chitukuko cha placenta.

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa ndondomeko ya AFP mu seramu ya magazi ya mayi wamtsogolo kumatengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha kuphwanya chiwerengero cha chromosomes, genome ya mwana wam'tsogolo. Matenda omwe angapangidwe mu nkhaniyi alembedwa pamwambapa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha alpha-fetoprotein kumayambitsa imfa ya fetus.

Kusintha kwa mchere wa estriol kumakhala ngati chizindikiro chosautsa ntchito ya fetoplacental system. Izi zimathandiza kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yogonana kuti azindikire kuphwanya koteroko ngati fetal hypoxia ndikuyankhidwa panthawi yake. Apo ayi, kuthekera kwa kusokoneza chitukuko cha mabungwe ndi ubongo.

Motero, monga momwe tikuonera m'nkhaniyi, kuyang'ana kumatanthawuza ku maphunziro omwe angangosonyeza kuti angathe kukhala ndi matenda enaake. Choncho, nthawi zonse mutatha kufufuza zotsatira ndi kukhalapo kukayikira, zowonjezereka zimaperekedwa.