Kupha poizoni ndi matenda owopsa kwambiri, kotero pamene zizindikiro zoyamba za kumwa mowa (kusenza kunyoza, kusanza, kumutu, kufooka, kutsegula m'mimba, kutaya chidziwitso), nkofunika kuitana dokotala. Ngakhale ngati ali ndi poizoni wosavuta, wogwidwayo ayenera kukhala woyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala kwa maola ochepera 4.
Mfundo zambiri za mankhwala ophera poizoni
Mosasamala mtundu wa mankhwala owopsa omwe amachititsa poizoni, thandizo limaperekedwa mwa zotsatirazi.
- Bwezeretsani chikhalidwe cha airways, normalize mtima kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi.
- Tengani detoxification (kuchotsa poizoni).
- Kutsekemera kwa poizoni kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zothana ndi mankhwala, zomwe zimachepetsetsa poizoni.
- Amapanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikuchotsa zizindikiro za poizoni.
- Onetsetsani kufunikira kokhala ndi anthu odwala poizoni.
Kuchiza kwa poizoni ya carbon monoxide
Chithandizo choyamba kwa munthu woizoni ndi kupereka mpweya watsopano. Wopwetekedwayo ayenera kutengedwera kumsewu, kuyeretsa pakamwa pa masanzi, pogwiritsa ntchito supuni kapena zala zitakulungidwa mu gauze. Pamene kugwirizanitsa, mpweya wabwino umayikidwa. Pofuna kupewa kusinthasintha mobwerezabwereza kwa kusanza, 10 mg ya metoclopramide imayikidwa mkati mwa intravenously (analogues - cerucal, raglan).
Kenaka chithandizo cha oksijeni chimachitika - poizoni ya carbon monoxide ndiyo mtundu wokha wa zoopsa pamene mpweya umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwangwiro. Ngati wogwidwayo akudziŵa, gwiritsani ntchito maskiki (10-15 l / min). Pankhani ya coma, mchere umapangidwanso ndi mpweya wabwino wamapapo ndi 100% ya oxygen.
Wodwala amamwa jekeseni ndi mankhwala a polyionic (cholol, quartosol, acesol, 500 ml) kapena sodium hydrogencarbonate (4%, 400 ml) ndi hemodez (400 ml). Chithandizo chimaphatikizidwa ndi kutenga ascorbic acid ndi shuga.
Kuchiza kwa poizoni wa mowa
Pakakhala poizoni woopsa ndi ethanol, zimakhala zovuta kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga:
- kuyeretsa pakamwa;
- Kuika kanjira pamtundu wa coma;
- mpweya wokwanira;
- ulamuliro wa subcutaneously atropine (0.1%, 1 ml):
- Kuthamanga molakwika kwa metoclopramide (10 mg).
Kuchotsedwanso ndi makala omwe amachitidwa kapena kutsuka m'mimba sizothandiza, popeza mpweya umatulutsa mofulumira kwambiri.
Kumwa mowa kumathandiza kuthetsa mankhwala ndi mankhwala apadera - methadoxil. Amachepetsa msanga wa ethanol ndi acetaldehyde kuchokera m'thupi, kuchepetsa zotsatira za poizoni. Lowani mankhwalawa chifukwa cha 5-10 ml intramuscularly kapena intravenous drip kwa maola 1.5 (300-900 mg diluted ndi 500 ml ya 5% shuga kapena saline yankho). Wopwetekedwayo amapatsidwa mavitamini, amatsatira hemodynamics.
Chithandizo cha mercury poizoni
Mercury ndi imodzi mwa poizoni wamba komanso owopsa kwambiri. Pankhani ya poizoni ndi mercury vapor kapena pamene salt ikugunda mmimba, chipatala ndi chofunikira. Dokotala asanafike, wodwala ayenera kumwa magalasi awiri kapena atatu, kuyeretsa m'mimba, atenge makala otsekemera. Pakamwa pake ayenera kutsukidwa ndi njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate.
Kuchetsa poizoni kumaphatikizapo chithandizo ndi mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amaperekedwa mozungulira (5 ml, 5%) masiku 20. Njira zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito unithiol ndi zotsatira za mesodimercapto succinic asidi - mankhwalawa ndi ochepa kwambiri poizoni ndipo ali ndi mbali yaying'ono.
Kuchiza kwa poizoni ndi acetic asidi
Mafuta a acetic amachititsa kuti ziwombankhanga zowonongeka kwambiri, mphuno ya mthempha, kuphwanya mphamvu za hematopoietic ndi kulephera kwa chiwerewere. Chifukwa cha edema, kupweteka kwa m'mimba kungapangidwe pasanathe masiku oposa awiri kapena awiri pambuyo pa asidi asidi alowa m'thupi. Mankhwalawa amayamba kutsukidwa asanayambe (1 ml ya 1% yankho).
Kupha poizoni ndi acetic acid kumatanthauza mankhwala ndi sodium hydrocarbonate (kupopera kapena kupopera 600-1000 ml, 4%) kuti asunge mkodzo wamchere ndi kupewa matenda a impso. Chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa magazi, wogwidwayo ayenera kulandira mankhwala a plasma kapena a plasma.