Mitundu yonse ya matenda a magazi (hemorrhagic) ndi chinthu chofala mu mankhwala amakono. Pafupifupi 50% amapezeka ndi thrombocytopenic purpura, zomwe zimachititsa kuti zikhale zambiri ndipo sizifanana. Matendawa amakhudza thupi pa msinkhu uliwonse.
Thrombocytopenic purpura - zifukwa
Verlhof matenda kapena thrombocytopenic purpura, zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe sizidziwika bwino mpaka pano - chodabwitsa chomwe anapeza ndi wasayansi wa ku Germany kumbuyo mu 1735. Mu anthu amatchedwa "matenda amtundu" chifukwa chakuti odwala omwe ali pamwamba pa thupi pano ndi apo akuwoneka kuti akufa mosiyanasiyana.
Matenda, makamaka m'mabuku ambiri, amapezeka mwa ana kuyambira kubadwa mpaka msinkhu, ndipo amatha kuthera ngakhale opanda mankhwala. Kwa ana osakwana zaka ziwiri, purpura nthawi zambiri amalembedwa ndi anyamata. Pakulamba, izi zimapangidwa kwa odwala 1-13 mwa anthu 100,000, ndipo ambiri amakhala amayi.
Mafomu a thrombocytopenic purpura
Matenda a magazi monga thrombocytopenic purpura (matenda a Verlhof) amapezeka pamene maselo a magazi - mapuloletti, amatsitsidwa ndi ma chitetezo a thupi lawo ndipo amafa msanga. Nthawi ya moyo wawo mmalo mwa masiku 7-10, ndi maola angapo. Kuti apange magulu ankhanza omwe amadzipangira okha, nthitiyo ndi yofunika. Matendawa ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imadalira chifukwa cha matenda, koma amasiyana pang'ono ndi zizindikiro:
- choyimira kapena idiopathic;
- chiwonongeko;
- transimmune.
Mitundu ya thrombocytopenic idiopathic purpura, mosasamala kanthu za zomwe zimayambitsa, imagawanika:
- chakuthwa;
- Zachilendo (ndifupipafupi, zosawerengeka kapena zopitilira kubwereza).
Sungani bwinobwino thrombocytopenic purpura
Nthawi zina, thupi limayamba kugwira ntchito mosiyana. Izi ndi mitundu yambiri ya matendawa. Mipata ya pulasitiki imawonongedwa ndi ma chitetezo cha mthupi, omwe amawaona kuti ndi maselo akunja. Mtundu uwu wa matenda nthawi zina umakhala motsutsana ndi chiyambi cha njira ina yodzipangira yekha mu thupi. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura imadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa mapulogalamu ake omwe amachititsa zinthu zambiri. Nthawi zina izi ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matendawa ndi izi:
- systemic lupus erythematosus ;
- chotsitsa magazi ;
- mankhwala osokoneza bongo ;
- matenda aakulu a khansa ya m'magazi;
- hepatitis;
- glomerulonephritis .
Heteroimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
Muunyamata, mtundu wa heteroimmune (wosakhala ndi chitetezo) wa matenda ndi thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, umapezeka nthawi zambiri kuposa akuluakulu. Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti anawo amavomereza kuti amachira. Zimayambitsa matenda ndi:
- kutenga mankhwala ena (paracetamol, furosemide, quinine, ampicillin, cephalosporins, betta-blockers, etc.);
- katemera (katemera ndi BCG, chifuwa cha chifuwa, nthomba, fuluwenza, poliomyelitis);
- matenda opatsirana.
Thrombocytopenic purpura - zizindikiro
Matenda a Verlhof, zomwe zizindikiro zake zimalankhula bwino kwambiri, zimasiyana ndi nthawi yomwe maonekedwe akutheka. Kumeneko, pachiyambi, mikwingwirima kapena, monga momwe amavomerezedwa ndi madokotala - petechiae, amawonetsedwa bwino kwambiri, pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa kukula kwake kwa mtundu ndi kusandulika kukhala cyanotic, green hue, pang'onopang'ono kutembenuka. Panthawi ina, mitundu yonse ya mikwingwirima ikhoza kukhala pa thupi, lomwe ndi chithunzi chodabwitsa, koma sikumvetsa chisoni, mosiyana ndi kuvulala koopsya kuchokera kwa munthu wathanzi.
Ziphuphu zimapezeka makamaka pa miyendo, nthawi zambiri pamthupi, ndipo kawirikawiri zimayang'anizana, koma mucous ndi zosiyana. Thrombocytopenic purpura ili ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana. Iwo akhoza kuwuka chifukwa cha microtrauma, ndipo popanda chifukwa. Kwenikweni, kutaya kwa magazi kumachitika usiku. Pachifukwa ichi, wodwala samamva kupweteka, kupatula kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, pamene wodwala amafunika kuchipatala mwamsanga. Kusiyanitsa:
- Kuchokera m'mphuno (kuchokera m'mphuno, chifuwa, chiberekero);
- magazi m'mimba (m'mimba, nthendayi, ophthalmic, ubongo).
Kuzindikira kwa thrombocytopenic purpura
Vuto la Verlhof, lomwe silikutha ndi kuzindikira kwa zizindikiro, limachokera ku zotsatira za kafukufuku wa odwala ndi odwala. Madokotala amapanga anamnesis pamene thrombocytopenic purpura inadziwonetsera kwa nthawi yoyamba. Pambuyo pa matenda opatsiranawa amapezeka ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maphunziro imapangidwa kuchokera ku magazi kuti awerenge, asanayambe kuyesa magazi. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yamagetsi , pamene chikho chachitsulo chimayikidwa kwa mphindi 10. Ngati pamapeto a madontho ophatikizidwewa atapangidwa pansi pa chingwe, mayeserowo ndi abwino. Icho chikuchitika mwa ana kuyambira zaka zitatu.
- Chiyesocho chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamene ochiritsira opaleshoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mkono, umene pambuyo pake umapweteka - njira iyi ndi yabwino kwa odwala akuluakulu.
Thrombocytopenic purpura, ikuphatikizapo mayesero angapo omwe angasonyeze chithunzi chodalirika cha magazi a wodwalayo. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa:
- hemoglobin;
- liwiro la magazi;
- mlingo wa mapaleti;
- kupezeka kapena kukhalapo kwa kubwezera magazi;
- kukhalapo kwa antiplatelets mu magazi.
Kuonjezera apo, poyambitsa matenda akuluakulu kapena osakhulupirika a mitundu ina ya matenda a thrombocytopenic purpura, kupweteka kwa mafupa kumachitika - trepanabiopsy. Pothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zamakono, mpweya wochepa wa msana umachitika m'dera la lumbar kutenga pang'ono pang'onopang'ono zakuthupi, periosteum ndi cerebrospinal madzi.
Thrombocytopenic purpura - mankhwala
Matenda a magazi amafunika kukhala ndi maganizo aakulu, chifukwa thanzi la wodwala ali ndi zaka zilizonse zimadalira kwambiri pa izi. Kuchiza kwa thrombocytopenic purpura kumachitika onse kuchipatala (panthawi yovuta) komanso kunyumba. Ndiloyenera kupereka wodwalayo mpumulo wapamwamba ndi mpumulo wa kama kuti athe kuchepetsa nthawi yowopsya. Malingana ndi chikhalidwe ichi, njira zamankhwala zamakono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana ndi mankhwala owerengeka. Ndikofunika kwambiri kumatsatira zakudya zina.
Kodi matenda a Verlhof ndi machiritso otani?
Malingana ndi msinkhu wotani komanso pa siteji yotani Verlhof matenda anapezeka, padzakhala funso la kuchepa kwake. Ali mwana, chiwerengerochi ndi cholimbikitsa, ngati mwanayo amapezeka msanga ndipo amatha kupambana miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pambuyo panthawiyi, matendawa amakhala aakulu, ndipo amawoneka ngati akuwopsa kwambiri.
Akuluakulu ndi osauka - chikhalidwechi chikhoza kuwatsagana nawo moyo wawo wonse pamodzi ndi kukhululukirana ndi kuwonjezereka. Nthawi zina, thrombocytopenic purpura yosachiritsika ikhoza kuchiritsidwa pamene nthata imachotsedwa, ngakhale izi sizikutsimikizira 100%. Chiwalo ichi chimawononga mapepala ndipo ndi mdani wa thupi. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mkangano wotsiriza, pamene mitundu ina ya chithandizo inali yopanda ntchito. Gwiritsani ntchito monga njira yodzigwiritsira ntchito, komanso mothandizidwa ndi laparoscopy.
Thrombocytopenic purpura - mankhwala
Cholinga cha chithandizo cha matenda a Verlhof ndikuteteza mapiritsi m'magazi pamtundu woyenera. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura imachiritsidwa, nthawi zambiri bwinobwino, yomwe imathandiza kuti pakhale chikhululukiro chokhazikika kwa zaka zambiri. Ngati palibe mankhwala kapena opaleshoni yothandizira, ndondomeko ya kumwa mankhwala imasinthidwa kukhala yatsopano. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito:
- Prednisolone (Methylprednisolone) ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ta steroid, kuti achepetse ntchito ya chitetezo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu magawo oyambirira a chithandizo, asanatulutse nthata.
- Interferon a2 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa ma antibodies, pamene mankhwala a steroid alibe mphamvu.
- Matenda a Immunoglobulin G amagwiritsidwa ntchito opaleshoni kuti awonjezere mlingo wa mapaleti.
- Mankhwala a Immunosuppressants (Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine ndi Azathioprine) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene wodwalayo sazindikira chithandizo china. Pali chiletso cha ma antibodies m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha mapiritsi.
- Danazol mankhwala, kulimbikitsa chithunzithunzi cha chikumbumtima ndi phwando lalitali chimakhudza chithunzi cha magazi.
Thrombocytopenic purpura - mankhwala ndi mankhwala owerengeka
Pulogalamu ya thrombocytopenic purpura ndi matenda a magazi, choncho mankhwala okonza mankhwala a zitsamba (decoctions) ndi hemostatic properties amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira:
- chotsitsa;
- mphuno yamagazi;
- makungwa a coral;
- chokeberry;
- thumba la mbusa;
- chamamile;
- yarrow.
Kudya ndi thrombocytopenic purpura
Palibe chakudya chapadera cha matenda a Verlhof. Ndikofunika kuti mbale izigwiritsidwe ntchito mozizira pang'ono kapena mawonekedwe ozizira. Masamba achilengedwe ndi thrombocytopenic purpura, monga zipatso ndi othandiza koma sayenera kuyambitsa chifuwa. Mndandanda wazinthu zotchulidwa bwino zikuphatikizapo:
- phala - buckwheat, chimanga, oatmeal;
- zipatso ndi masamba mu mawonekedwe a timadziti - karoti, apulo, beet, makangaza, phwetekere;
- zipatso - currants, mabulosi akuda, raspberries;
- nsomba;
- nyama - ng'ombe.
Ndikofunikira kuchotsa pa zakudya:
- mchere wamchere;
- zosuta;
- nyengo ndi zonunkhira;
- masamba;
- zopangira zakudya;
- mowa;
- khofi;
- mowa.
Thrombocytopenic purpura - mavuto
Matenda a Verlhof, amene mavuto ake ndi owopsa kwambiri, amafunika kuti azitsatira kwambiri. Mavuto ndi awa:
- kupweteka kwa ubongo;
- chapamimba ndi kutuluka magazi;
- Kutaya msambo kumayambiriro kwa msinkhu.
Thrombocytopenic purpura - kupewa
Pamene wodwala amapezeka kuti ali ndi "thrombocytopenic purpura," izi zikutanthauza kuti kukhala ndi thanzi labwino munthu ayenera kusiya zizoloŵezi zambiri, zoyipa ndi zamba, kusintha kwa moyo. Zopinga zowonongeka zimayesetsa kusunga mlingo wa mapulogalamu ndi hemoglobin chifukwa cha zakudya zamtengo wapatali, komanso kuchotsa zinthu zoterezi:
- kusambira;
- masewera olimbitsa;
- kudya zakudya zolemetsa;
- zovuta.